Sunay-Romeo Talk

QoE-Aware Multimedia Content
Delivery Over Next-Generation
Networks
M. Oğuz Sunay
July 9, 2013
Second Romeo Workshop
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Romeo
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High-quality stereoscopic
3D content is to be
broadcast
•
Supplementary 3D multiview content to be
distributed via a tree-based
P2P
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All remote users to be
synchronized for the
delivery of 3D video. Both
DVB and IP networks to
serve all collaborating
users at the same time
•
M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
End point peers may also
serve mobile devices
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Outline
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Demand for Multimedia
Multimedia Content Delivery
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SC / CDN / P2P / Hybrid
Economics of Multimedia Delivery
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Establishing a Price & Corresponding Service Profit
Localization
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The ALTO Protocol
Network Evolution & Multimedia
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Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
Wireless Networks and QoE
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Interplay of Resource Allocation & QoE
Conclusions
M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Demand for Multimedia
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
The Zettabyte Era
• Annual global IP traffic will reach the
zettabyte threshold by the end of 2015.
• By 2017, it will be 1.4 zettabytes.
Cisco, “The Zettabyte Era - Trends and Analysis,” White Paper, May 29, 2013
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
What is a Zettabyte?
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
What is a Zettabyte?
• 1 zettabyte amounts to 36,000,000 years
of HD video
• This is the equivalent of the entire Netflix
catalog 3,177,000 times.
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Internet Today
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
By 2015...
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
What Type of Video?
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
How Will We Get Our Video?
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Multimedia Delivery
over the Network
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Client-Server versus P2P
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Content-Delivery Networks
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
CDN Issues
• How to select a server for a client?
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DNS redirection
Application level redirection
• How to distribute content amongst
servers?
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Popular content
Rarely accessed content
M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
CDN Issues
• Factors for server selection:
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RTT
Load Balancing
Diurnal effects
Variations across DNS servers
Limited availability of rarely accessed content
M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
YouTube CDN
Torres et.al. “Dissecting Video Server Selection Strategies in the YouTube CDN,” 2009.
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
CDN + P2P
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Network Economics
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Economics of Networks
Jean Walrand - in Performance Modeling & Engineering, Liu & Xia (eds.), Springer, 2008
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Economics of Networking
Finding the Most Profitable Delivery Framework for Streaming Video
• Profit = Revenue - Cost
• Cost Reduction ≠ Profit Maximization
• Revenue is dependent on clients’
willingness to pay for the service. This in
turn establishes a price for the service.
• The lower the QoE the less the clients are
willing to pay.
• Increasing QoE requires increasing the cost
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Economics of Networking
Finding the Most Profitable Delivery Framework for Streaming Video
• Consider the following:
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Video broadcast/multicast service
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In P2P, we allow %100 assistance ratio
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Fixed price: Same price for all clients
Cost of serving a client is linear in the number of
clients
Two price models: Pay upfront, Pay when you
start watching
M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Economics of Networking
Finding the Most Profitable Delivery Framework for Streaming Video
• QoE Parameter: Pre-Roll Delay
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Macroeconomic theory states that the price of a
service decreases with increasing delivery time
delay from the present time.
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The impact of this decrease is compounded with
delay time
M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Economics of Networking
Finding the Most Profitable Delivery Framework for Streaming Video
Profit
CDN
P2P
Stringent QoE
requirements
QoE Tolerance
Non-Stringent QoE
requirements
Altan & Sunay, “Profit Optimizing Transmission of Streaming Multimedia Broadcast in a Peer-to-Peer Network,” July 2013.
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Localization
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Problems with CDN
• RTT is not necessarily a good metric for
server selection
• DNS based / Application based redirection
potentially causes delays
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Problems with P2P
• Peer selection in P2P networks are
network inter-connection, congestion
oblivious
• ISP economics are not considered
• ISPs can not control their own networks
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
The ALTO Protocol
• IETF draft - version 16 - May 20, 2013
• Penned by Google, Cisco & Yale University
• Describes an information sharing service
between ISPs and applications
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
BitTorrent Operation
HTTP GET example.torrent
example.torrent
Web Server
User (peer)
“register”
list of random peers
appTracker
ID1 169.237.234.1:6881
ID2 190.50.34.6:5692
ID3 34.275.89.143:4545
…
ID50 231.456.31.95:6882
…
Peer 40
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Peer 2
Peer 1
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
BitTorrent with ALTO
(3) Calculate costs
(2) ALTO Information Request
ALTO server
(4) ALTO Information Reply
(5) Generate list
appTracker
(ALTO client)
(6) Send ranked list
(1) Request peer list
Peer
(7) Request partnership from first peer
in the list
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Issues with ALTO
• Scalability & Computational Load versus
Performance
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PID: Network Location Identifier
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Distance Based (# of hops)
• How to establish costs?
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Delay Based
Policy Based
Hybrid
M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
ALTO Performance
P2P Streaming Video Service
Kırkgül, Kökten & Sunay, “A P2P Real-Time Video Streaming Framework Using the ALTO Protocol,” April 2012.
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
ALTO Performance
Scalable H264 Video QoE
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
ALTO Performance
Scalable H264 Video QoE
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
ALTO Performance
Inter-ISP Traffic
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
End-to-End QoE Management:
Software-Defined Networking
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
SDN
Feature
Feature
Network OS
Feature
Feature
OS
Feature
Custom Hardware
Feature
Feature
OS
Feature
Custom Hardware
OS
Feature
Custom Hardware
Feature
OS
Feature
Feature
Custom Hardware
OS
Custom Hardware
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Nick McKeown, Stanford University - 2012
M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
SDN Operation
SDN
Controller
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
QoE-Aware SDN
Video Multicast Service over SDN
Noghani & Sunay, “An SDN-Based Multiple-Description Coded Video Multicast Service Framework,” July 2013.
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
QoE-Aware SDN
Video Multicast Service over SDN
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
QoE Aware 3G/LTE
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Femtocells
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Femtocells
Mungan & Sunay, “Advantages of Application-Based Scheduling for Indoor Femtocells,” October 2011.
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
QoE-Aware Scheduler for a Femtocell
QoE Performance
Skype
tivibu
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
QoE-Aware Scheduler for a Femtocell
QoE Performance
Digiturk
Web Browsing
Download
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Conclusions
• Internet traffic is exploding. Video has
become the killer application.
• Video delivery architecture must not only
be technically but also economically
feasible.
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Conclusions
• For acceptable QoE the following are
important:
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location of content serving peer/server
link quality
M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Conclusions
• Communication between the application
and the network layers is important
• SDN also enables end-to-end route
optimization
• For wireless links, QoE-aware resource
allocation is crucial.
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013