PDF ( 8 )
Transkript
PDF ( 8 )
7UDN\D8QLY7LS)DN'HUJ 'HQH\VHOdDO×üPD([SHULPHQWDO6WXG\ .HQH,V×U×ù×g\NV2ODQ.LüLOHUGH$QDSOD]PR]6HURSR]LWLIOLùL $QDSODVPRVLV6HURSRVLWLYLW\LQ3HRSOH([SRVXUHGWR7LFN%LWH +DOXN.,/,dûDEDQ*h5&$1+DNDQ.81'85$&,/$50X]DIIHU(6.ú2&$. 7UDN\DhQLYHUVLWHVL7×S)DNOWHVL0LNUREL\RORMLYH.OLQLN0LNUREL\RORML$QDELOLP'DO×+DON6DùO×ù×$QDELOLP'DO×(GLUQH 7UDN\DhQLYHUVLWHVL6DùO×N+L]PHWOHUL<NVHN2NXOX(GLUQH %DüYXUXWDULKL6XEPLWWHG.DEXOWDULKL$FFHSWHG $PDo .HQH ×V×U×ù× |\NV RODQ NLüLOHUGH DQDSOD]PR] VHURSR]LWLIOLùLQLQDUDüW×U×OPDV×DPDoODQG× 2EMHFWLYHV ,W ZDV DLPHG WR LQYHVWLJDWH DQDSODVPRVLV VHURSRVLWLYLW\LQSHRSOHH[SRVXUHGWRWLFNELWH *HUHoOHU YH <|QWHPOHU 7UDN\D %|OJHVL N×UVDO DODQ ODU×QGD NHQH ×V×U×ù× |\NV RODQ NLüL HUNHN NDG×Q RUW \Dü GDù×O×P oDO×üPD\D DO×QG× %LU DQNHWIRUPXLOHULVNIDNW|URODELOHFHNGXUXPODUVRUJXODQ G× *|QOOOHUGHQ DO×QDQ VHUXPODU oDO×üPD \DS×O×QFD\D NDGDU²Ý&ҋOLNGHULQGRQGXUXFXGDVDNODQG×6HUXPODUGD LQGLUHNW IORUHVDQ DQWLNRU ,)$ \|QWHPL LOH $QDSODVPD SKDJRF\WRSKLOXPDQWLNRUODU×DUDüW×U×OG× 0DWHULDOVDQG0HWKRGV$WRWDORILQGLYLGXDOVPDOHV IHPDOHVPHDQDJHUDQJHWR\HDUVZLWKWLFNELWH KLVWRU\ LQ UXUDO DUHDV RI 7KUDFH 5HJLRQ ZHUH LQFOXGHG LQ WKLVVWXG\3RVVLEOHULVNIDFWRUVZHUHHYDOXDWHGE\DTXHV WLRQQDLUH 6HUD REWDLQHG IURP YROXQWHHUV ZHUH SUHVHUYHG LQ ²Ý& GHHS IUHH]HU XQWLO WKH VWXG\ LV GRQH$QWLERGLHV DJDLQVW$QDSODVPDSKDJRF\WRSKLOXPZHUHLQYHVWLJDWHGE\ LQGLUHFWIOXRUHVFHQWDQWLERG\,)$WHVWLQWKHVHUD %XOJXODU $ SKDJRF\WRSKLOXP DQWLNRUODU× NLüLGH SR]LWLIEXOXQGX$QDSOD]PR]VHURSR]LWLIOLùLLoLQDW HüHNWHPDV×ELUULVNIDNW|URODUDNEHOLUOHQGL 5HVXOWV$QWLERGLHVDJDLQVW$SKDJRF\WRSKLOXPZHUHSRV LWLYHIRULQGLYLGXDOV&RQWDFWZLWKKRUVHGRQNH\LV GHILQHGDVDULVNIDFWRUIRUDQDSODVPRVLVVHURSRVLWLYLW\ 6RQXo 7UDN\D %|OJHVLҋQLQ N×UVDO DODQODU×QGD \DüD\DQ NHQHLOH×V×U×OP×üLQVDQODUGD$SKDJRF\WRSKLOXPҋDNDUü× JHOLüHQDQWLNRUODU\NVHNRUDQODUGDVDSWDQP×üW×U &RQFOXVLRQ $QWLERGLHV DJDLQVW $ SKDJRF\WRSKLOXP ZHUHIRXQGDWKLJKUDWHVLQSHRSOHH[SRVXUHGWRWLFNELWH LQUXUDODUHDVRI7KUDFH5HJLRQ $QDKWDUV|]FNOHU(UOLK\R]DQDSOD]PR]VHURSUHYDODQVNHQH ND\QDNO×KDVWDO×NODU .H\ ZRUGV (KUOLFKLRVLV DQDSODVPRVLV VHURSUHYDODQFH WLFN ERUQHGLVHDVHV $QDSODVPD SKDJRF\WRSKLOXP NHQH ND\QDNO× ]RRQRWLN KDVWDO×NODUD QHGHQ RODQ ]RUXQOX LQWUDVHOOOHU EDNWHUL OHUGLU YH O|NRVLWOHUH WURSL]P J|VWHULUOHU>@ (UOLK\R] DQDSOD]PR] HWNHQOHUL NHQHOHUOH KD\YDQODU DUDV×QGDNL G|QJGH \HU DO×UODU 0HPHOLOHULQ GRùDGDNL EX EDNWHUL OHULQLGDPHVLYH\DüDPG|QJVQGHE\NUROYDUG×U (UOLK\R]DQDSOD]PR]ODU×Q DV×O UH]HUYXDUODU× PHPHOL OHUGLU>@+D\YDQNHVLPLüL\OHXùUDüDQNDVDSODUGDNHQH ×V×U×ù× ROPDGDQ GLUHNW LQRNODV\RQ \ROX LOH GH KDVWDO×N ELOGLULOPLüWLU>@ $PHULND%LUOHüLN'HYOHWOHUL QGH$%'\×O×Q GD VDGHFH JUDQORVLWOHUH WURSL]P J|VWHUHQ LQVDQ JUD QORVLWLN HUOLK\R]X +*( LON NH] WDQ×PODQP×ü YH $YUXSD·GDGDROGXùXJ|VWHULOPLüWLU>@+*(·\HVHEHS RODQ DMDQODU (KUOLFKLD HTXL YH ( SKDJRF\WRSKLOD \DN×Q LOLüNLOL RODUDN EXOXQPXü YH DUW×N $QDSODVPD FLQVL LoLQGH $QDSODVPD SKDJRF\WRSKLOXP RODUDN LVLPOHQGL ULOPLüWLU>@ +DVWDO×N GD WHNUDU LVLPOHQGLULOHUHN LQVDQ JUDQORVLWLN DQDSOD]PR]X +*$ RODUDN GHùLüWLULO PLüWLU>@ 7UDN\D8QLY7LS)DN'HUJ úOHWLüLPDGUHVL&RUUHVSRQGHQFH'UûDEDQ*UFDQ7UDN\DhQLYHUVLWHVL7×S)DNOWHVL0LNUREL\RORMLYH.OLQLN0LNUREL\RORML$QDELOLP'DO×(GLUQH 7HO)D[)DNVHSRVWDHPDLOVDEDQJXUFDQ#WUDN\DHGXWU 7UDN\DhQLYHUVLWHVL7×S)DNOWHVL'HUJLVL(NLQ7×EEL<D\×QF×O×NWDUDI×QGDQEDV×OP×üW×U+HUKDNN×VDNO×G×U 0HGLFDO-RXUQDORI7UDN\D8QLYHUVLW\3XEOLVKHGE\(NLQ0HGLFDO3XEOLVKLQJ$OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG .HQH,V×U×ù×g\NV2ODQ.LüLOHUGH$QDSOD]PR]6HURSR]LWLIOLùL YHXOXVODUDUDV×+HOVLQNLGHNODUDV\RQXQDX\JXQüHNLOGH VDùODQG× %8/*8/$5 7RSODP NHQH ×V×U×ù× |\NV RODQ NLüLOHULQ · (GLUQH·GH·7HNLUGDù·GD·L.×UNODUHOL·GHRWXUPDN WD\G× *|QOOOHULQ ·X HUNHN ·VL NDG×Q YH PHG\DQ \Dü×LGL gUQHNOHULQ ·XQGD DQWLNRU SR]LWLI EXOXQXU NHQNLüLGHQHJDWLIWLúOOHUHJ|UHGDù×O×PFLQVL \HW \Dü YH PHVOHùH J|UH VHURSR]LWLIOLN RUDQ× Do×V×QGDQ LVWDWLVWLNVHORODUDNIDUNEXOXQPDG×7DEOR $QWLNRUJ|UOPHIUHNDQV×N|SHNNHGLE\NEDüYH NoNEDü KD\YDQ NPHV KD\YDQ× EHVOH\HQOHUGH VHUR SR]LWLIOLN RUDQ× Do×V×QGDQ ELU IDUN VDSWDQPD]NHQ DW HüHN EHVOH\HQOHUGH VHURSR]LWLIOLN GDKD ID]OD VDSWDQG× NLNDUH S 7DEOR ûHNLO dDO×üPDGDVDSWDQDQ$QDSODVPDSKDJRF\WRSKLOXP,)$,J* SR]LWLI|UQHNOHUGHQELULO|NRVLWLoLQGHIORUHVDQVYHUHQEDN WHULNPHOHULPRUXODJ|UOPHNWH 7$57,û0$ .×UVDONHVLPGH\DüD\DQELUH\OHUNHQH×V×U×ù×QDPDUX] NDO×U %X SRSODV\RQGD HUOLK\R]DQDSOD]PR] VDSWDQ PDV×$YUXSD·GD·HNDGDUYDUDELOPHNWHKDWWD$%'·GH EX UDNDP ·ODUD o×NPDNWDG×U hONHPL]GH VRQ \×OODU GD NHQH ND\QDNO× HQIHNVL\RQODUGDNL DUW×ü YH oHüLWOLOLN GüQOUVH |]HOOLNOH N×UVDO DODQODUGD \DüD\DQODUGD DQDSOD]PR]XQ GD SRWDQVL\HO ELU WHKOLNH ROXüWXUGXùX V|\OHQHELOLU+DWWDEXKDVWDO×NODU×QWDQ×ODU×LoLQELULQFH OHPH\DS×OPDG×ù×QGDQ\DQO×üWDQ×ODUODL]OHPYHWDNLSOHUL \DS×OPDNWD RODELOLU %X oDO×üPD\OD 7UDN\D %|OJHVL·QLQ N×UVDO DODQODU×QGD \DüD\DQ NHQH LOH ×V×U×OP×ü LQVDQODUGD DQDSOD]PR]VHURSR]LWLIOLùLQLQLQDUDüW×U×OPDV×DPDoODQG× 'Q\DGD VRQ \]\×OGD HUOLK\R]DQDSOD]PR]ODUOD LOJLOL oRN VD\×GD oDO×üPD \DS×OP×üNHQ ONHPL]GH EX KDVWDO×NODUODYHHWNHQOHUOHLOJLOLoDO×üPDODU\×O×QGDQ VRQUD EDüODP×üW×U %X oDO×üPDODUGD>@ KD\YDQODUGD YH NHQHOHUGHHWNHQOHULQYDUO×NODU×VHURORMLNYH\DPROHNOHU \|QWHPOHUOHJ|VWHULOPLüYHELUVHURSUHYDODQVoDO×üPDV×Q GD>@GDLQVDQODU×QEXQGDQHWNLOHQGLNOHULEHOLUOHQPLüWLU 7UNL\H·GHEL]LPELOJLOHULPL]HJ|UHLQVDQODUGDDQDS OD]PR] YDUO×ù×Q×Q J|VWHULOGLùL LON YH WHN \D\×Q 2QJXW YH DUNQ×Q>@ oDO×üPDV× RODUDN NDEXO HGLOHELOLU ûHQ>@ WDUDI×QGDQ \DS×ODQ ELU oDO×üPDGD 7UDN\D %|OJHVL QGHNL NHQHOHUGH$QDSODVPDYDUO×ù×PROHNOHU\|QWHPOHUOHJ|V WHULOPLüWLU 7UDN\D %|OJHVL·QGH RUPDQ DUD]LOHULQLQ JHQLü ROPDV×KDON×QE\NELUN×VP×Q×QWDU×PYHKD\YDQF×O×NOD XùUDüPDV×YHNHQHND\QDNO×HQIHNVL\RQODUGDQULNHWVL\R ]XQ 7UNL\H·GH HQ oRN E|OJHPL]GHQ ELOGLULOPLü ROPDV× HUOLK\R]DQDSOD]PR]XQ GD E|OJHPL]GH LQVDQODU× HWNL OH\HELOHFHùL YH KDVWDO×NODUD QHGHQ RODELOHFHùL \|QQGH NDQ×ODUD VDKLS ROPDP×]D QHGHQ ROPXüWXU>@ <DS×ODQ EX oDO×üPD LOH E|OJHPL]GHNL NHQH ×V×UPD |\NV RODQ LQVDQODU×Q $QDSODVPD WUOHUL\OH NDUü×ODüPD RUDQODU×Q× GROD\×V×\ODROXüDQVHURSR]LWLIOLùLEHOLUOHPH\LDPDoODG×N dDO×üPDP×]GD RUDQ×QGD VHURSR]LWLIOLN VDSWDQPD V× E|OJHPL]GHQ YH 7UNL\H·GHQ EXJQH NDGDU KLoELU DNXW DQDSOD]PR] ROJXVXQXQ ELOGLULOPHGLùL J|] |QQH DO×QG×ù×QGD ED]× ROJXODU×Q \DQO×ü WDQ× DOG×NODU×Q× DNOD JHWLUPHNWHGLU *(5(d/(59(<g17(0/(5 7UDN\D%|OJHVL·QLQ(GLUQH.×UNODUHOL7HNLUGDùN×U VDODODQODU×QGDGDKD|QFHGHQ\DS×ODQWXODUHPLVHURSUH YDODQV oDO×üPDV×>@ LoLQ N|\GHQ WRSODQP×ü YH HN RODUDN NHQH ×V×U×ù×Q×Q V×N ROGXùX o N|\GHQ WRSODQP×ü VHUXP|UQHùLLoLQGHQNHQH×V×U×ù×|\NVRODQWRSODP NLüLQLQ VHUXPODU× LQFHOHQGL 6HUXPODU oDO×üPD \DS× O×QFD\D NDGDU ² &·GH VDNODQG× (WNHQH NDUü× JHOLüHQ DQWLNRUODU $QDSODVPD SKDJRF\WRSKLOXP ,)$ ,J* )RFXV 7HFKQRORJLHV 86$ NLWL LOH IORUHVDQ PLNURVNRSLGH DUDü W×U×OG×ûHNLO 9HULOHU \]GHOLNOHU RODUDN J|VWHULOGL NDUü×ODüW×UPD ODUGD NLNDUH DQDOL]L \DS×OG× 3 GHùHUL ROGXùXQGD IDUNDQODPO×NDEXOHGLOGL%XoDO×üPD\HUHOHWLNNXUXOGDQ DO×QDQL]LQOH\DS×OG×dDO×üPD\DNDW×O×PJ|QOOONHVDV× 7DEOR$QWLNRUJ|UOPHIUHNDQV×YHLOOHUHJ|UHGDù×O×P×NLNDUH S úOOHU +*$,J*SR]LWLI +*$,J*QHJDWLI 7RSODP 1 1 1 (GLUQH 7HNLUGDù .×UNODUHOL 7RSODP .HQH,V×U×ù×g\NV2ODQ.LüLOHUGH$QDSOD]PR]6HURSR]LWLIOLùL 7DEOR$WHüHNEHVOHPHQLQDQWLNRUJ|UOPHIUHNDQV×QDHWNLVL +*$,J*SR]LWLI 1 $WHüHNEHVOH\HQ $WHüHNEHVOHPH\HQ 7RSODP +*$,J*QHJDWLI 1 7RSODP 1 SR]LWLIEXOXQGX%DNNHQYHDUNQ×Q>@:LVFRQVLQ·GH\DS W×ù× VHURSUHYDODQV oDO×üPDV×QGD VRQ ELU KDIWD LoHULVLQGH DWODUOD YDNLW JHoLUPH\L ULVN IDNW|U RODUDN EHOLUOHPLüOHU YH DWODUOD YDNLW JHoLUPH\L LVWDWLVWLNVHO RODUDN DQODPO× EXOPXüODUG×U%XGXUXPEL]LPoDO×üPDP×]GDNLEXOJX\D EHQ]HUGLU+*$·Q×QDWODUODLOLüNLVL$SKDJRF\WRSKLOXP·XQ \HQL ELU WU RODUDN WDQ×PODQG×ù× G|QHPOHUGH \DS×ODQ oDO×üPDODUGD>@GDDo×NüHNLOGHJ|UOPHNWHGLU $ SKDJRF\WRSKLOXP WDUDI×QGDQ PH\GDQD JHWLULOHQ +*$·Q×Q LQVLGDQV× VRQ \×OGD JLGHUHN DUWP×ü YH EX KDVWDO×NED]×|OPOHULQQHGHQLROPXüWXU+*$·Q×QHUNHQ G|QHPEHOLUWLOHULVSHVLILNGHùLOGLUKDWWDYLUDOKDVWDO×NODU× WDNOLW HGHU 6SHVLILN WHüKLV HUNHQ G|QHPGH \DS×ODPD\D ELOLUDQFDNDQWLEL\RWLNWHGDYLVLEDüDU×O×G×U>@hONHPL]GH EXJQH NDGDU KHUKDQJL ELU HUOLK\R]DQDSOD]PR] ROJX VXQXQELOGLULOPHPLüROPDV×Q×QKLoROJXROPDPDV×QDP× \RNVD D\×U×F× WDQ×GD GüQOPHPHVLQH PL EDùO× ROXS ROPDG×ù×ELOLQPHPHNWHGLU%XoDO×üPDGD\NVHNRUDQGD VHURSR]LWLIOLN WHVSLW HGLOPHVL LQVDQODU×Q EX KDVWDO×NODU GDQ HWNLOHQGLùLQLQ ELU NDQ×W× RODUDN GHùHUOHQGLULOHELOLU 2QJXW YH DUNQ×Q>@ $NGHQL] %|OJHVL·QGH GH VHURSR]L WLIOLN VDSWDPDODU× 7UNL\H·GHNL WDQ× ODERUDWXDUODU×Q×Q EX KDVWDO×ù×Q WDQ×V×Q× NR\PD\D \DUG×P HGHFHN WHWNLN RODQDNODU×Q×GDUXWLQX\JXODPDGDEXOXQGXUPDJHUHNOL OLNOHULQLYXUJXODPDV×Do×V×QGDQ|QHPOLGLU <DS×ODQ EX oDO×üPD LOH 7UDN\D %|OJHVL·QLQ +*$ Do×V×QGDQ |QHPOL ELU HQGHPLN E|OJH ROGXùX J|UOG .HQH ×V×U×ù× RODQ KDVWDODUGD +*$·Q×Q GD D\×U×F× WDQ×ODU DUDV×QGDGDKDID]ODGüQOPHVLYHWDQ×WHVWOHULQLQ\D\ J×QODüW×U×OPDV×JHUHNWLùLVRQXFXQDYDU×OG× 7HüHNNU dDO×üPD 7UDN\D hQLYHUVLWHVL %LOLPVHO $UDüW×UPD 3URMHOHUL7h%$3WDUDI×QGDQGHVWHNOHQPLüWLU +*$ HWNHQLQLQ KD\DW G|QJV VHUW NHQHOHU LQVDQ ROPD\DQYHUWHEUDO×ODUYHLQVDQüHNOLQGHGLU+*$HWNHQL $%'·QLQ NX]H\LQGH ,[RGHV VFDSXODULV WU NHQHOHUGH YH NX]H\GRùXYHVWRUWDEDW×E|OJHOHULQGH,SDFLILFXVWU VHUWNHQHOHUGHJ|VWHULOPLüWLU>@$YUXSD·GDNLNHQHYHNW| U,ULFLQXV·WXU>@5XV\D·Q×Q%DOW×NYH3HUP%|OJHVL·QGH YH .X]H\GRùX dLQ·GH , SHUVXOFDWXV WU VHUW NHQHOHUGH GH HWNHQ J|VWHULOPLüWLU>@ hONHPL]GH ûHQ>@ , ULFLQXV NHQHOHULQGH 3&5 LOH $ SKDJRF\WRSKLOXP·X RUDQ×Q GD J|VWHUPLüWLU <LQH ONHPL]GH ·WH &KULVWRYD YH DUN>@$NGHQL]$QWDO\Dúo$QDGROX.D\VHULYH'RùX $QDGROX 0DODW\D E|OJHOHULQGHQ WRSODQDQ +\DORPPD 'HUPDFHQWRU 5KLSLFHSKDOXV YH %RRSKLOXV WU VHUW NHQH OHUGH 3&5 YH UHYHUV OLQHEORW KLEULGL]DV\RQ \|QWHPOHUL LOHHUOLK\R]HWNHQOHULQLJ|VWHUPLüOHUGLUDQFDN$SKDJRF\ WRSKLOXPLoLQELURUDQEHOLUOHPHPLüOHUGLUdDO×üPDP×]GD VHURSR]LWLIOLN DUDüW×U×ODFDN SRSODV\RQX VHoPHPL]GH NHQHOHULQEDKVHGLOHQ|QHPOLUROJ|]|QQHDO×QP×üYH NHQH×V×U×ù×|\NVRODQODUGDVHURSUHYDODQVDUDüW×U×OP×ü W×U<NVHNRUDQGDVHURSR]LWLIOLNVDSWDQPDV×ULNHWVL\R] GD ROGXùX JLEL DQDSOD]PR] \|QQGHQ GH E|OJHPL]LQ \NVHNULVNWDü×G×ù×Q×J|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ùOX.×O×Qo * *UFDQ û (VNLRFDN 0 .×O×o + .XQGXUDF×ODU + 7UDN\D %|OJHVLQLQ N|\OHULQGH WXOD UHPL VHURSUHYDODQV×Q×Q DUDüW×U×OPDV× 0LNUREL\RO %XO 6HYLQo)'HULQED\g%LUV×ù×UF×O×NLüOHWPHVLQGHDQDSODVPR VLV SUREOHPL 8OXVDO 3DUD]LWRORML .RQJUHVL (\OO ú]PLU ûHQ ( úVWDQEXO GDNL ,[RGHV ULFLQXV NHQHOHULQGH %RUUHOLD EXUJGRUIHUL YH LON NH] RODUDN $QDSODVPD HKUOLFKLD SKDJRF\WRSKLOD YH ,5,&(6 RYDU\XP VLPEL\RQW EDNWHU LOHULQLQ PROHNOHU \|QWHPOHUOH J|VWHULOPHVL ;;;, 7UN 0LNUREL\RORML .RQJUHVL g]HW .LWDE× (\OO $\G×Q .DUDJHQF7+RVJRU0%LOJLF+%3DVD6.×UO×*(UHQ+ 'HWHFWLRQRISUHYDOHQFHRI(FDQLV$SKDJRF\WRSKLODDQG $ SODW\V LQ GRJV DURXQG WKH$HJHDQ FRDVW RI 7XUNH\ E\ 6XQXODQ oDO×üPDGD DQDSOD]PR] LoLQ ULVN IDNW|U RODELOHFHNGXUXPODUGDVRUJXODQG×.HGLN|SHNE\N EDüKD\YDQNoNEDüKD\YDQNPHVKD\YDQ×DWHüHN EHVOHPH YH GRùDGD XùUDüPD DQDOL] HGLOGL +*$ ,)$ SR]LWLIo×NDQJUXSLOHQHJDWLIJUXEXQNDUü×ODüW×U×OPDV×Q GD DWHüHN EHVOHPH KDULo \XNDU×GD EDKVHGLOHQ oHüLWOL |]HOOLNOHUDUDV×QGDLVWDWLVWLNVHODQODPO×IDUNEXOXQPDG× $WHüHN EHVOH\HQOHULQ ·LQGH +*$ ,J* DQWLNRUODU× .HQH,V×U×ù×g\NV2ODQ.LüLOHUGH$QDSOD]PR]6HURSR]LWLIOLù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p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ú]PLU *RNFH+,*HQF2$NFD$9DWDQVHYHU=8QYHU$(UGRJDQ +0 0ROHFXODU DQG VHURORJLFDO HYLGHQFH RI $QDSODVPD SKDJRF\WRSKLOXPLQIHFWLRQRIIDUPDQLPDOVLQWKH%ODFN6HD 5HJLRQRI7XUNH\$FWD9HW+XQJ $UVODQ 0g 7UNL\H GH KD\YDQODUGD NHQH HQIHVWDV\RQODU× YH NHQHOHULQ EXODüW×UG×ù× KDVWDO×NODU×Q GXUXPX 8OXVDO 3DUD]LWRORML.RQJUHVL(\OOú]PLU .DUDJHQF 7 %LOJLF +% +RVJRU 0 $\VXO 1 $\SDN 6 YH (UHQ+$\G×Q\|UHVLV×ù×UODU×QGD5/%WHNQLùLNXOODQ×ODUDN 7KHLOHULD%DEHVLD$QDSODVPD(KUOLFKLDWUOHULQLQEHOLUOHQ PHVL 8OXVDO 3DUD]LWRORML .RQJUHVL (\OO ú]PLU 2QJXW*2JXQF'0XWOX*&RODN'*XOWHNLQ0*XQVHUHQ )HWDO6HURSUHYDOHQFHRIDQWLERGLHVWR$QDSODVPDSKDJR F\WRSKLOXPLQ$QWDO\D7XUNH\,QIHFWLRQ .XORùOX)$NDWD)7DQVHOgHWDO6HURORJLFDOO\FRQILUPHG FDVHVRI0HGLWHUUDQHDQVSRWWHGIHYHULQWKH7UDN\D5HJLRQ RI7XUNH\7UNL\H3DUD]LWRO'HUJ %DNNHQ -6 'XPOHU 6 +XPDQ JUDQXORF\WLF DQDSODVPRVLV ,QIHFW'LV&OLQ1RUWK$P &DR:&=KDR40=KDQJ3+'XPOHU-6=KDQJ;7)DQJ /4 HW DO *UDQXORF\WLF (KUOLFKLDH LQ ,[RGHV SHUVXOFDWXV WLFNVIURPDQDUHDLQ&KLQDZKHUH/\PHGLVHDVHLVHQGHPLF -&OLQ0LFURELRO $OHNVHHY $1 'XELQLQD +9 -XVKNRYD 29 )LUVW UHSRUW
Benzer belgeler
Zoila DNA - Bay Area French Bulldogs
ay/a'RJKDVIDZQDQGFDUULHVUHFHVVLYHEODFN
K/K FRSLHVRIGRPLQDQWEODFNDUHSUHVHQWQREULQGOHRUIDZQ aw/aw+RPR]\JRXVIRUZLOGVDEOH
RIIVSULQJ ZLOOEHSURGXFHG
aw/at'RJKDVZLO...