Çalışan Çocuklar Raporu (TUİK-2006)

Transkript

TÜİK
ÇALIŞAN ÇOCUKLAR
Working Child
2006
TÜİK
ÇALIŞAN ÇOCUKLAR
Working Child
2006
ULUSLARARASI
ÇALIŞMA ÖRGÜTÜ
The International
Labour Organization
T.C. BAŞBAKANLIK
TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU
Prime Ministry Republic of Turkey
Turkish Statistical Institute
TÜİK
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TÜİK, Çalışan Çocuklar İstatistikleri, 2006
TURKSTAT, Working Child Statistics, 2006
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Foreword
Önsöz
ÖNSÖZ
FOREWORD
Küreselleúen dünya, çocuk iúçili÷i sorununu
uluslararas boyutlara taúmakta ve bunun sonucu
olarak çalúan çocuklar konusu, günümüzde gittikçe
artan önemde dünya gündeminde ele alnmaktadr.
Uluslararas platformda tartúlan çocuk iúçili÷i
konusunda mutabakata varlan görüú “çocuk iúçili÷inin
nedeninin temelde yoksulluk oldu÷u” yönündedir.
Globalizing world is carrying the issue of child
labour up to international dimensions and, as a
result, the problem of working children is being
given more and more importance in international
agenda. The consensus reached on child labour as
a result of discussions at international platforms
points that “poverty” is the root cause of the
problem.
Konunun, insan ve de özellikle gelecek nesli
temsil eden çocuk olmas, çocuk iúgücü kullanmnn
nedenleri
ve
sonuçlarnn
tespitine
yönelik
araútrmalarn yaplmasn zorunlu klmaktadr. Bu
araútrmalardan elde edilen sonuçlarla, çalúan
çocuklara iliúkin durum tespiti yaplmas ve sorunun
çözümüne yönelik ileriye dönük plan ve programlarn
belirlenebilmesi mümkün olmaktadr.
Since the issue centres around human beings
in general and children representing future
generations in particular, it becomes necessary to
conduct studies on the causes and consequences
of child labour. Assessments concerning the state
of child labour on the basis of these studies make it
possible to develop specific plans and programmes
for the solution of the problem.
Uluslararas Çalúma Örgütü (ILO) “Çocuk
øúçili÷inin Sona Erdirilmesi Uluslararas Program
(IPEC)” yoluyla, ulusal düzeyde yürütülecek çalúmalar
dünya ölçe÷inde örgütlemeyi amaçlamaktadr. Bu
kapsamda Türkiye’de çalúan çocuklar konulu ulusal
bir veri seti oluúturmak ve çalúan çocuklarn hangi
sektörlerde ve hangi çalúma koúullarnda çalútklarn;
sosyal, ekonomik ve demografik özelliklerini ortaya
koyabilmek amacyla Türkiye østatistik Kurumu ile ILO
arasnda imzalanan projeler çerçevesinde, bugüne
kadar üç kez Çocuk øúgücü Anketi uygulanmútr. Çocuk
øúgücü Anketlerinin ilk uygulamas Ekim 1994, ikincisi
Ekim 1999, üçüncüsü ise Ekim-Kasm-Aralk 2006
tarihinde gerçekleútirilmiútir.
The International Labour Organisation (ILO)
targets organising and coordinating national efforts
on this issue at international level through its
“International Programme for the Elimination of
Child Labour.” In this context and within the
framework of projects jointly launched by the
Turkish Statistics Institute and ILO, 3 child labour
surveys have been conducted so far in order to
obtain a national set of data on child labour, reach
findings regarding the sectors where children are
employed and their working conditions as well as
social, economic and demographic characteristics
of working children. The first of these surveys took
place in October 1994, followed by the second one
in October 1999 and the last one in OctoberDecember 2006.
Bu yaynda, 2006 Çocuk øúgücü Anketine iliúkin
açklama, de÷erlendirme ve ayrntl tablolarn yansra
1994 ve 1999 yl sonuçlar ile karúlaútrmalar içeren
tarihsel tablolar da yer almaktadr. Yaynda yer alan
tarihsel tablolarda Ekim 1994 ve Ekim 1999 Çocuk
øúgücü Anketi sonuçlar, 2000 Genel Nüfus Saym esas
alnarak hesaplanan nüfus projeksiyonlarna göre
yeniden a÷rlklandrlmú verilere göre hazrlanmútr.
Dolaysyla daha önce yaymlanmú olan sonuçlar ile
özellikle alt ayrntda baz farkllklar söz konusudur.
Besides explanations, evaluations and detailed
tables concerning the 2006 Child Labour Survey,
the present publication also contains historical
tables making it possible to compare the latest
findings with those of 1994 and 1999 surveys. In
these tables, the results of 1994 and 1999 Child
Labour Surveys are arranged through data
reweighted according to population projections
based on the 2000 General Census of Population.
Hence, there are differences with earlier findings
especially in details.
Yaynn karar alclar, araútrmaclar ve di÷er
istatistik kullanclarna yararl olaca÷na inanyoruz.
We believe that the publication will be useful
for decision makers, researchers and other users of
official statistics.
Doç. Dr. Ömer DEMøR
Baúkan
Doç. Dr. ÖmerPresident
DEMİR
Başkan
President
III
Contents
İçindekiler
øÇøNDEKøLER
CONTENTS
Sayfa
Page
III
Foreword
III
øçindekiler
V
Contents
V
Grafik, Tablo ve ùema Listesi
VI
List of Graphics, Tables and Diagram
VII
Symbols and Abbreviations
VIII
XIX
Önsöz
Simge ve Ksaltmalar
VIII
Açklama
IX
Explanation
1. Tarihsel Tablolar, 1994 - 2006
1
1. Historical Tables, 1994 - 2006
2. De÷erlendirme
9
2. Evaluation
28
2.1 Nüfus Yaps
9
2.1 Population Structure
28
1
2.2 E÷itim Durumu
10
2.2 Educational Status
29
2.3 østihdam Durumu
16
2.3 Employment Situation
35
2.4 Gelir Durumu
21
2.4 Income Status
40
2.5 Çalúma Nedeni
22
2.5 The Reason of Working in Economic Activity
41
2.6 Fiili Çalúma Süresi
24
2.6 Actual Working Hours
43
2.7 Ev øúlerinde Çalúanlar
25
2.7 Household Chores
44
3. Tablolar, 2006
47
3. Tables, 2006
47
Ek
79
Appendix
79
Temel karakteristiklere iliúkin
Standard errors in measuring basic
standart hata de÷erleri
characteristics
Grafik ve Tablo Listesi
List of Graphics and Tables
GRAFøK, TABLO ve ùEMA LøSTESø
Sayfa
1. Tarihsel Tablolar, Ekim 1994, Ekim 1999 ve Ekim-Kasm-Aralk 2006
Tablo
1.1 Yaú grubu ve cinsiyete göre kurumsal olmayan sivil nüfus ve istihdam
1.2 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve çalúma durumuna göre çocuklar
1.3 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve çalúma durumuna göre okula devam eden çocuklar
1.4 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve çalúma durumuna göre okula devam etmeyen çocuklar
1.5 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve sektöre göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
1.6 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve iúteki duruma göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
2. De÷erlendirme
Tablo
2.1 Cinsiyet ve yerleúim yerine göre kurumsal olmayan sivil nüfus
2.2 Cinsiyet ve yerleúim yerine göre okula devam etme oranlar
2.3 Cinsiyet, yerleúim yeri ve yaú grubuna göre okula devam etme oranlar
2.4 Cinsiyet, yerleúim yeri ve yaú grubuna göre okula devam etmeme nedenlerinin da÷lm, Ekim-Kasm-Aralk 2006
2.5 Çalúma nedenine göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
2.6 Haftalk fiili çalúma süresine göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklarn da÷lm
2.7 Ev iúlerinde çalúan çocuklar
2.8 Yaptklar ev iúlerinin türlerine göre 6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklar
ùema
2.1 6-17 yaú grubu çocuklarn okula devam ve çalúma durumuna göre da÷lm
Grafik
2.1 Okula devam edenlerin da÷lm
2.2 Okula devam etmeyenlerin da÷lm
2.3 6-14 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn e÷itime devam oranlar
2.5 6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn okula devam etmeme nedenleri
2.6 Yaú gruplar ve cinsiyete göre istihdam oran
2.7 Kent-kr ve cinsiyet ayrmnda ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklar
2.8 Tarm-tarm dú sektör ayrmnda ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklar
2.9 Sektörlere göre ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklar
2.10 øúteki duruma göre ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklar
2.11 Elde edilen net gelir grubuna göre ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklar
2.12 Sektörlere ve net gelir gruplarna göre gelir getiren çocuklar
2.13 Çalúma nedenine göre okula devam eden ve etmeyen çocuklar
2.14 Haftalk fiili çalúma süresine göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
3. Çocuk øúgücü østatistikleri, (Ekim-Kasm-Aralk) 2006
Tablo
3.2 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet, okula devam etme ve çalúma durumuna göre çocuklar
3.3 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve çalúma nedenine göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
3.4 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve faaliyet koluna göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
3.6 øúteki durum, cinsiyet ve faaliyet koluna göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
3.7 øúteki durum, cinsiyet ve yaplan iúe göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
3.8 Fiili çalúma süresi, cinsiyet ve faaliyet koluna göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
3.9 Fiili çalúma süresi, cinsiyet ve iúteki duruma göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
3.10 Aylk gelir grubu, cinsiyet ve ekonomik faaliyet koluna göre gelir elde eden çocuklar
3.11 øúteki durum, cinsiyet ve iúyeri durumuna göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
3.12 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve nedene göre okula hiç gitmemiú veya okulu yarda brakmú çocuklar
3.13 Hanehalk büyüklü÷ü, cinsiyet, okula devam ve çalúma durumuna göre çocuklar
3.14 Hanehalk reislerinin e÷itim durumu, okula devam ve çalúma durumuna göre çocuklar
3.15 Ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklarn faaliyet kolu ve hanehalk reisinin e÷itim durumu
3.16 Çalúma süresi, yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve okula devam etme durumuna göre ev iúlerinde çalúan çocuklar
4. Ek, (Ekim-Kasm-Aralk) 2006
Tablo
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
VI
Yaú
Yaú
Yaú
Yaú
grubu ve cinsiyete göre istihdama iliúkin standart hata de÷eri
grubu, cinsiyet ve okula devam edenlere göre standart hata de÷eri
grubu, cinsiyet ve okula devam etmeyenlere göre standart hata de÷eri
grubu, cinsiyet ve sektörlere göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklara iliúkin standart hata de÷eri
VI
1
4
5
6
7
8
9
12
13
14
23
24
26
27
10
11
11
13
14
16
17
18
19
19
20
21
22
23
25
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
56
59
62
63
66
67
70
73
76
79
80
81
82
List of Graphics and Tables
Grafik ve Tablo Listesi
LIST of GRAPHICS, TABLES and DIAGRAM
Page
1. Historical Tables, October 1994, October 1999, October - November - December 2006
Table
1.1 Non-institutional civilian population and employment by age group and sex
1.2 Children by age, sex and type of activity
1.3 Children attending school by age group, sex and type of activity
1.4 Children not attending school by age group, sex and type of activity
1.5 Children engaged in economic activity by age group, sex and economic activity
1.6 Children engaged in economic activity by age group, sex and status in employment
2. Evaluation
Table
2.1 Non-institutional civilian population by sex and settlements
2.2 Rates of school attendance by sex and settlement
2.3 School attendance by gender, settlement and age group
2.4 Distribution of reasons of non-attendance by sex, settlement and age group, October-November-December 2006
2.5 Children engaged in economic activity by reason of working
2.6 Children engaged in economic activity by actual weekly working hours
2.7 Children engaged in household chores
2.8 Children in the age group 6-17 by types of household chores performed
Diagram
2.1 Distribution of children in the age group 6-17 by school attendance and working status
Graphic
2.1 Distribution of children attending school
2.2 Distribution of children not attending school
2.3 School attendance of children in the age group 6-14
2.5 The reasons of non-attendance for children in the age group 6-17
2.6 Rate of employment by age groups and gender
2.7 Children engaged in economic activity by sex and rural/urban settlements
2.8 Children engaged in economic activity by agricultural and non-agricultural sectors
2.9 Children engaged in economic activity by sectors
2.10 Children engaged in economic activity by status in employment
2.11 Children engaged in economic activity by net income groups
2.12 Remunerated children by sectors and net earning groups
2.13 Children attending/not attending school by their reason of working in economic activity
2.14 Children attending/not attending school by actual weekly working hours
3. Child Labour Force Statistics, (October - November - December) 2006
Table
3.1 Non-institutional civilian population and employment by age group and sex
3.2 Children by age group, sex, educational attendance and type of activity
3.3 Children engaged in economic activities by age group, sex and reason of working
3.4 Children engaged in economic activities by age group, sex and branch of economic activity
3.5 Children engaged in economic activities by age group, sex and status in employment
3.6 Children engaged in economic activities by status in employment, sex and branch of economic activity
3.7 Children engaged in economic activities by status in employment, sex and occupation
3.8 Children engaged in economic activities by actual hours worked, sex and branch of economic activity
3.9 Children engaged in economic activities by actual hours worked, sex and status in employment
3.10 Income recipient children by monthly income groups, sex and branch of economic activity
3.11 Children engaged in economic activities by employment status, sex and type of work place
3.12 Children who have never attended or dropped out school by age group, sex and main reason
3.13 Children by household size, sex, educational attendance and type of work
3.14 Children by educational status of household head, sex and educational attendance and type of work
3.15 Children engaged in economic activities by branch of economic activity and educational status of household head
3.16 Children engaged in domestic chores by hours worked, age group, sex and educational attendance
4. Appendix, (October - November - December) 2006
Table
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Standard
Standard
Standard
Standard
error
error
error
error
in
in
in
in
measuring
measuring
measuring
measuring
employment by age group and sex
school attendance by age group and sex
not school attendance by age group and sex
children engaged in economic activity by age group, sex and economic activity
1
4
5
6
7
8
28
31
32
33
41
43
45
46
29
30
30
32
33
35
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
44
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
56
59
62
63
66
67
70
73
76
79
80
81
82
VII
VII
Simge ve Kısaltmalar
Symbol and Abbreviations
SøMGE ve KISALTMALAR
SYMBOLS and ABBREVIATIONS
-
Bilgi yoktur.
(0)
Gözlem de÷eri 500 kiúiden azdr.
Açklama
Avrupa Birli÷i østatistik Ofisi
Observation value is less than 500
people.
Bkz.
See.
EUROSTAT
Explanation
European Union Statistical Office
Avrupa Birli÷i Ekonomik Faaliyetlerin
østatistiki Snflamas
EFøS
1.1.Rev.
NACE
Rev.1.1
Birleúmiú Milletler Kalknma Program
BMKP
UNDP
United Nations Development Program
østatistiki Bölge Birimleri Snflamas
øBBS
SRE
Classification of Statistical Region Units
ILO
Uluslararas Çalúma Örgütü
Uluslararas Standart Meslek Snflamas
Uluslararas øúteki Durum Snflamas
Uluslararas Standart E÷itim Snflamas
Türkiye østatistik Kurumu
Yeni Türk Liras
Bilgisayar Destekli Kiúisel Görüúme
Yöntemi
VIII
Denotes magnitude nil.
International Classification of Economic
Activities in the European Union
International Labour Organization
USMS 88
ISCO 88
International Standard
Classification of Occupations
UøDS 1993
ICSE 1993
International Classification on
Status in Employment
USES 1997
TÜøK
ISCED 1997 International Standard
Classification of Education
TURKSTAT Turkish Statistical Institute
YTL
TRY
CAPI
New Turkish Liras
Computer Assisted Personel Interview
NOT:
NOTE:
1. Beú bin kiúiden az gözlem
de÷erlerinde örnek büyüklü÷ü güvenilir
tahminler için yeterli de÷ildir.
1. Sample size is too small for reliable
estimates for figures less than
5 thousand persons in each cell.
2. Tablolardaki oransal de÷erler, bine
bölünmeden önceki mutlak de÷erler
üzerinden hesaplanmú oldu÷undan,
tabloda yer alan de÷erler üzerinden
hesaplanacak oranlardan farkl olabilir.
2. As the ratios are calculated by the
absolute figures not divided by
thousand, they may differ from the
ratios to be calculated by the figures
given in the tables.
3. Tablolardaki rakamlar yuvarlamadan
dolay toplam vermeyebilir.
3. Total numbers may not be correct
due to rounding of the numbers.
VIII
Explanation
Açıklama
AÇIKLAMA
1. Tarihçe
Uluslararas Çalúma Örgütü (ILO) Onüçüncü Çalúma østatistikçileri Konferansnda benimsenen
temel tanm ve kavramlarn kullanld÷ hanehalk iúgücü anketleri, Ekim 1988'den itibaren düzenli
olarak gerçekleútirilmektedir. 1988-1999 yllar arasnda her yln Nisan ve Ekim aylarnda uygulanan
hanehalk iúgücü anketi, 2000 ylndan itibaren her ay uygulanmaktadr. 2000-2005 döneminde ylda
dört kez, dönemsel olarak yaymlanan hanehalk iúgücü anketi sonuçlar, 2005 ylndan itibaren,
hareketli üçer aylk dönemler esas alnmak suretiyle her ay yaymlanmaktadr.
øúgücü piyasasna iliúkin son derece ayrntl verilerin, düzenli olarak derlenmesine imkan tanyan
iúgücü anketleri ile birlikte, belirli dönemlerde iúgücü piyasasnn daha farkl alanlarna iliúkin bilgi elde
etmek amacyla ek soru formlar geliútirilerek modüler anket uygulamalar da gerçekleútirilmektedir.
Hanehalk iúgücü anketlerine ilave bir modül olarak, ilki Ekim 1994 ikincisi ise Ekim 1999’da
uygulanan Çocuk øúgücü Anketleri, ILO ile Türkiye østatistik Kurumu (TÜøK) arasnda imzalanan
projeler çerçevesinde gerçekleútirilmiútir.
Uluslararas Çalúma Örgütü, 1991 ylndan itibaren çocuk iúçili÷ini uluslararas düzeyde
gözetilmesi gereken bir konu olarak belirlemiú ve “Çocuk øúçili÷inin Sona Erdirilmesi Uluslararas
Program (IPEC)”n baúlatmútr. IPEC, 1992 ylnda Türkiye’de dahil olmak üzere alt ülkede
baúlamútr. IPEC’in uzun vadeli asl hedefi çocuk iúçili÷ine son vermek, ksa ve orta vadeli hedefi ise
çocuklarn korunmas ve çalúma koúullarnn iyileútirilmesidir.
Geliúmekte olan her ülkede oldu÷u gibi Türkiye için de önem taúyan bir konu olan çocuk
istihdam; nüfus, e÷itim, ekonomik geliúme ve sosyal kalknma kavramlaryla yakndan ilgilidir. Bu
açdan, çocuk istihdam konusunda istatistiki verilerin çeúitlendirilmesi ve geliútirilmesi için 1994 ylnda
IPEC program çerçevesinde ILO ile Türkiye østatistik Kurumu arasnda imzalanan proje kapsamnda ilk
kez çocuk iúgücü anketi uygulanmútr. Çocuk øúgücü Anketi’nin ikincisi olan Ekim 1999 uygulamas ise
“Çocuk øúçili÷inin øzlenmesi ve østatistiksel Bilgi Program (SIMPOC)” çerçevesinde gerçekleútirilmiútir.
Bu konuda güncel veriye duyulan ihtiyaç nedeniyle, 2006 ylnda IPEC çerçevesinde, ILO ile TÜøK
arasnda imzalanan yeni bir proje kapsamnda Çocuk øúgücü Anketi, önceki uygulamalarda oldu÷u gibi
Hanehalk øúgücü Anketi ile birlikte Ekim, Kasm ve Aralk aylarnda uygulanmútr.
IX
IX
Açıklama
Explanation
1994, 1999 ve 2006 yllarnda uygulanan çocuk iúgücü anketinde kapsanan yaú gruplar ve
anketin örnek hacimleri aúa÷da verilmiútir.
1. Çocuk iúgücü anketlerinde kapsanan yaú grubu ve örnek hacmi
Yllar
Örnek hacmi
Kapsanan
yaú grubu
Türkiye
Kent
Kr
Ekim 1994
6-14
13 537
9 194
4 343
Ekim 1999
6-17
23 189
17 978
5 211
Ekim-Kasm-Aralk 2006
6-17
38 039
26 566
11 473
2. Amaç
Anketin esas amac; Türkiye’de çalúan çocuklar konulu ulusal bir veri taban oluúturmak, çalúan
çocuklarn hangi sektörlerde ve hangi çalúma koúullarnda çalút÷n, sosyal, demografik ve ekonomik
özelliklerini ortaya koymaktr.
3. Kapsam
Kapsanan co÷rafi alan: Türkiye genelinde her yerleúim yeri örnek seçimi için kapsama dahil
edilmiútir. Çalúmada 20 001 ve daha fazla nüfuslu yerleúim yerleri KENT, 20 000 ve daha az nüfuslu
yerleúim yerleri ise KIR olarak tanmlanmútr.
Kapsanan kiúiler: Anket, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti snrlar içinde yaúayan tüm hanehalklarn, fert
baznda ise; bu hanehalklarnda bulunan 6-17 yaú grubundaki fertleri kapsamaktadr. Okul, yurt, otel,
çocuk yuvas, huzurevi, özel nitelikteki hastane ve hapishanede bulunanlar anket kapsam dúnda
tutulmuúlardr.
4. Yöntem
4.1 Örnek Tasarm
Çocuk iúgücü anketleri, hanehalk iúgücü anketi için örne÷e seçilen hanehalklarnda uygulanmú
oldu÷undan, örnek tasarm iúgücü anketinin örnek tasarmna dayanmaktadr.
Hanehalk iúgücü araútrmasnn örnek tasarm 3’er aylk dönemlerde ve her ay alan uygulamas
yaplabilecek úekilde 5 yl üzerinden tasarlanmútr. Örnek tasarm yllk bazda oturtulmuú olup, yllk
X
Explanation
Açıklama
tahmin hedefi Türkiye, kent, kr, østatistiki Bölge Birimleri Snflamas Düzey 1 (kr, kent ayrmnda) ve
Düzey 2’dir. Dönemsel tahminler ise Türkiye, kent ve kr düzeyinde hedeflenmiútir. Nüfus grubu
tabakalamas içsel tabakalama kriteri olarak kullanlmútr.
2. Nüfus grubu tabakalama kriteri
Kr nüfus gruplar
Nüfus grubu kodu
Kent nüfus gruplar
Nüfus grubu kodu
100 - 200
A
20001 - 50000
4
201 - 500
B
50001 - 200000
5
501 - 2000
C
200001 +
6
2001 - 5000
2
Alt kademe yada merkez ilçe
7
5001 - 20000
3
Tespit edilen yllk örnek hacmi yaklaúk 156.000, dönemlik ise
yaklaúk 39.000 hane
civarndadr. Elde edilen örneklem oranlar cevapszlk nedeniyle %10 artrlmútr. Tasarm aúamasnda
kullanlan nüfus büyüklükleri 2000 yl nüfus saym sonuçlardr.
Toplam olarak yllk bazda oturtulan örnek tasarm her biri tüm Türkiye'yi temsil eden 27 alt
örnekten oluúturulmuútur ve her dönemde 8 alt örnek aktif olarak kullanlacak úekilde bir rotasyon
deseni planlanmútr. Her alt örnekte 258 blok bulunmaktadr. Seçilen her bir bloktan dönemsel bazda
uygulanmas gereken (f2 oranlarna göre belirlenmiútir) örnek adres saysnn iki kat seçilmiú ve seçilen
adresler iki sete bölünmüútür, bu setlere A ve B olarak isim verilmiú ve bir dönemde bir blo÷un
yalnzca bir seti ankete dahil edilmiútir. Her bloktan her set için ortalama 15 tamamlanmú anket
olacak úekilde tasarlanmútr.
Örnekleme yöntemi: Anketin örnekleme yöntemi tesadüfi, iki aúamal, tabakal, 8 alt örnekli
küme örneklemesidir.
Nihai örnek biriminin seçimi: øki aúamal olarak tasarlanan örneklem plannda birinci aúama
örneklem birimi ortalama 100 haneden oluúmuú bloklardr. Bloklamada kullanlan adres çerçevesi 2000
yl Bina Saym sonuçlarna ve binalar cetveline dayanmaktadr. Bloklama yaplamayan (Form1
Numarataj Cetveli Olmayan) yerleúim yerlerinde ise birinci aúama birimi yerleúim yerinin kendisidir.
økinci aúama örneklem birimi ise örne÷e seçilen bloklardan seçilecek hanelerdir. Seçilecek hane says,
tasarmn kendinden a÷rlkl olmasn sa÷lamak üzere genel örnekleme orann sa÷layacak úekilde
belirlenmiútir. Bu iúlem seçilecek hane saysnn f2 oran tarafndan belirlenmesini gerektirmektedir.
XI
XI
Açıklama
Explanation
Tasarm tabakas örnekleme oran f0, ilk aúamada (bloklarn seçimi iúleminde) uygulanan örnekleme
oran f1 olmak üzere, f2 oran f0=f1.f2 ba÷ntsndan faydalanlarak bulunmuútur. Bloktan veya yerleúim
yerinden seçilecek hane saysn belirlemek için ise f2 oran listeleme çalúmas sonucunda elde edilen
hane says ile çarplarak bulunmuútur. Hanehalklar baznda rotasyonu sa÷lamak amacyla iki set (A ve
B) hanehalk belirlenece÷inden bulunan f2 orannn iki kat alnmú ve bu oran alandan gelen hane
saysyla çarplarak toplam olarak seçilmesi gereken hane saysna ulaúlmútr. Daha sonra seçilen
haneler sistematik olarak iki gruba ayrlmú ve böylece A ve B setleri oluúturulmuútur. Herhangi bir
uygulamada yer alan bir blokta yalnzca bir set (A veya B) hanehalk ankete dahil edilmektedir.
Tabakalama: Tabakalama, østatistiki Bölge Birimleri Snflamas, Düzey 2 (26 bölge), kr ve
kent itibariyle ele alnmútr. Ayrca nüfusu 200.000 ve daha fazla olan yerleúim yerleri birer tabaka
olarak ele alnmútr.
A÷rlklandrma: Örnekleme sonucu elde edilen veri setinden kitleyi temsil edecek de÷erlere
ulaúabilmek için a÷rlklandrma iúlemi gerçekleútirilir. Kullanlacak nihai a÷rlklar birçok etmenin
birleúiminden oluúmaktadr. Bunlar arasnda tasarm a÷rlklar, cevapszlk düzeltmeleri, dúsal da÷lm
kontrolleri ve nihai katlama faktörü saylabilir. Do÷ru tahminlere ulaúmak a÷rlklandrma iúleminin,
aúama aúama ve dikkatli bir úekilde gerçekleútirilmesine ba÷ldr. Hanehalk øúgücü Araútrmasnda
yukarda saylan a÷rlklandrmalarn tümü kullanlmútr.
Bu yaynda yer alan tarihsel tablolarda Ekim 1994 ve Ekim 1999 Çocuk øúgücü Anketi sonuçlar,
2000 Genel Nüfus Saym esas alnarak hesaplanan nüfus projeksiyonlarna göre yeniden
a÷rlklandrlmú verilere göre hazrlanmútr. Dolaysyla daha önce yaymlanmú olan sonuçlar ile
özellikle alt detayda baz farkllklar söz konusudur.
4.2. Soru Ka÷d
Çocuk iúgücü anketi için oluúturulan soru listesinde yer alan sorular úu baúlklar altnda ele
alnmútr;
XII
x
15-17 yaú grubu için iúgücü anketinde mevcut olup, sadece 6-14 yaú için ilave edilen sorular
x
6-17 yaú grubu için sorulan ilave sorular
o
E÷itimle ilgili ilave sorular
o
Di÷er sorular ,
XII
Explanation
Açıklama
Çocuk iúgücü anketi soru ka÷d oluúturulurken, 15-17 yaú grubu için iúgücü anketindeki mevcut
soru yaps bütünüyle korunmuú, 6-14 yaú grubunda istihdam ölçmeye yönelik sorular ayrca
eklenmiútir. 6-14 yaú grubunda istihdam edilen fertlere iliúkin sorularn (istihdam durumu, iktisadi
faaliyet, meslek, iúteki durum, iúyeri büyüklü÷ü vb.) ifade ve açklamalarnn iúgücü anketinde yer alan
karúlk sorular ile tamamen ayn olmasna özellikle dikkat edilmiútir. Ancak, 6-14 yaú grubundaki
çocuklarn istihdamda olup olmadklarn anlamaya yönelik olarak hatrlatc nitelikte baz ilave sorular
sorulmuútur.
Çocuk iúgücü anketinde yer alan sorular baúlca 3 grupta ele alnmútr.
1. øúgücü Durumu øle ølgili Sorular: (çocu÷un çalúp çalúmad÷, yapt÷ iú, iktisadi
faaliyeti, iúteki durumu, çalúma saatleri, iúyerinin durumu, aylk geliri, elde etti÷i di÷er
sosyal yardmlar, çalúmaya baúlad÷ yaú, çalúma nedeni, iú arayp aramad÷ ve imkan olsa
çalúmak isteyip istemeyece÷i):
øúgücü durumu ile ilgili sorularn birço÷u mevcut iúgücü anketinde 15-17 yaú grubu için
sorulmaktadr. Bu nedenle 15-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn iúgücü durumu ile ilgili olarak,
çocuk iúgücü anketinde sorulan sadece 3 ilave soru söz konusudur (elde etti÷i di÷er sosyal
yardmlar, çalúmaya baúlad÷ yaú, çalúma nedeni).
2. E÷itim øle ølgili Sorular: øúgücü anketi soru ka÷dnda yer alan standart e÷itim sorularnn
yansra (hangi okuldan mezun oldu÷u, bir okula devam edip etmedi÷i, devam ediyorsa okul
ve snf vb.) 6-17 yaú grubunda yer alan çocuklara okula baúlama yaú, referans haftas
içinde okula gitmedi÷i gün olup olmad÷, varsa says ve nedeni, okula devam etmeme
nedeni, okuldan ayrld÷ yaú, en son devam etti÷i okul ve snf, beceri kazandrmaya yönelik
bir e÷itim alp almad÷ gibi baz ilave sorular da sorulmuútur.
3. Ev øúleri øle ølgili Sorular: 6-17 yaú grubundaki tüm çocuklara referans haftas içinde ev
iúlerinde ailesine yardmc olup olmad÷, oluyorsa süresi ve bu faaliyetleri hangi zaman
diliminde yapt÷ ile ilgili sorular sorulmuútur.
4.3 Uygulama
Referans dönemi: Ekim, Kasm ve Aralk aylarnn, Pazartesi ile baúlayan, Pazar ile biten ilk
haftas referans dönemi olarak alnmútr.
Uygulama aylar
Referans dönemi
Ekim
2-8 Ekim 2006
Kasm
6-12 Kasm 2006
Aralk
4-10 Aralk 2006
XIII
XIII
Açıklama
Explanation
Uygulama dönemi: Anket, Ekim, Kasm ve Aralk aylarnda referans haftasn takip eden 2-3
hafta içinde uygulanmútr.
Veri derleme yöntemi: Ankette örnek hanehalklarndaki fertlerin tüm bilgileri, alanda yüzyüze
görüúme yöntemiyle ve dizüstü bilgisayar kullanlarak, bilgisayar destekli kiúisel görüúme yöntemi
(CAPI) ile derlenmiútir.
Hanehalk görüúmelerinin sonuçlar
Hanehalk iúgücü anketinde, alan uygulamas için belirlenen süre içerisinde çeúitli nedenlerle
(evde bulamama, görüúmeyi reddetme, iletiúim kuramama vb.) anket gerçekleútirilemeyen haneler için
Cevapszlk Formu doldurulmaktadr. Çocuk iúgücü anketinin, iúgücü anketi için seçilen hanelerle
uygulanmú olmas sebebiyle, çocuk iúgücü anketinin cevapszlk oranlar, iúgücü anketinin ilgili dönemi
ile ayndr. Türkiye, kentsel ve krsal yerleúim yerlerine göre hanehalk görüúmelerinin sonucunda elde
edilen cevaplanma yüzdesi ve cevapszlk nedenlerinin da÷lm Tablo 3’de verilmiútir.
3. Toplam örnek hanehalk says içinde soru ka÷dnnn doldurulmama nedenleri
Toplam
(%)
Kent
(%)
Kr
(%)
86.1
85.5
87.5
Hanehalk evde bulunamad
8.1
8.3
7.6
Hanehalk görüúmeyi reddetti
0.5
0.6
0.1
øletiúim kurulamad
0.2
0.2
0.1
Ev boú
3.6
3.7
3.4
Örnek adres iúyeri
0.2
0.2
0.0
Örnek adres inúaat, boú arsa vb.
0.4
0.5
0.2
Adres bulunamad
0.3
0.3
0.1
Di÷er
0.7
0.6
0.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
Anketin cevaplanma durumu
Soru ka÷d dolduruldu
Toplam örnek hanehalk says
Cevapszlk oran, gerçek cevapszlk nedenlerinin (hanehalk evde bulunamad, hanehalk
görüúmeyi reddetti, hanehalk ile iletiúim kurulamad ve konutta kimse oturmuyor), toplam örnek
hacminden çerçeve hatalar veya uygun olmayan birimler (örnek adres iúyeri, inúaat, boú arsa vs. ve
adres
bulunamad)
düúüldükten
sonra
elde
edilen
hane
saysna
oranlanmas
hesaplanmaktadr. Bu úekilde hesaplanan cevapszlk oranlar Tablo 4’de verilmiútir.
XIV
XIV
úeklinde
Explanation
Açıklama
4. Anketin cevapszlk oran
Toplam örnek
hanehalk says
Cevapszlk oran (%)
Türkiye
38 039
12.5
Kent
26 566
13.0
Kr
11 473
11.3
5. Tanm ve Kavramlar
Hanehalk: Aralarnda akrabalk ba÷ bulunsun ya da bulunmasn ayn konutta veya ayn
konutun bir bölümünde yaúayan, ayn kazandan yemek yiyen, kazanç ve masraflarn ayrmayan,
hanehalknn hizmet ve yönetimine katlan bir ya da birden çok kiúinin oluúturdu÷u topluluktur.
Kurumsal olmayan sivil nüfus: Okul, yurt otel, çocuk yuvas, huzurevi, özel nitelikteki
hastahane, hapishane, kúla ya da orduevinde ikamet edenler dúnda kalan nüfustur.
Kurumsal olmayan çalúma ça÷ndaki nüfus: Bu araútrma için kurumsal olmayan sivil
nüfus içerisindeki 6-17 yaú grubu nüfustur.
Çocuk: “Çocuk iúçili÷inin en kötü úekilleri” ve “çocuk haklar” ile ilgili uluslararas anlaúmalara
göre, 18 yaún altndaki tüm bireyler “çocuk” olarak tanmlanmaktadr. Bu do÷rultuda, 6-17 yaú
arasndaki fertler ankette “çocuk” olarak tanmlanmútr.
Ekonomik faaliyet: Ücret, kar veya ailenin kazanc için (aile iúletmelerinde ücretsiz olarak
çalúma da dahil olmak üzere) yaplan tüm iúlerdir. Bu iúlere, piyasaya yönelik olarak gerçekleútirilen
veya gerçekleútirilmesine yardm edilen úu tür faaliyetler de dahildir; ekilmeyen baz ürünlerin do÷adan
toplanmas, odun toplama veya kesme, avlanma, hayvanlar otlatma, süt sa÷ma, tereya÷-peynir vb.
imal etme, harman yapma, tahl ö÷ütme, tavuklar besleme, yumurta toplama gibi tarmsal faaliyetler
ile hanehalk ferdi olmayanlarn a÷r yüklerini taúma, arabalarn ykama vb.
Ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúanlar (østihdam edilenler): Referans haftas süresince
herhangi bir gün en az 1 saat süresince ücret, kar veya ailenin kazanc için aile iúletmelerinde ücretsiz
olarak çalúanlar ile iúi olanlardan; çeúitli nedenlerle referans döneminde iúlerinin baúnda bulunmayan
ancak iúleri ile iliúkileri devam eden kiúileri kapsar.
østihdam oran: østihdamn kurumsal olmayan çalúma ça÷ndaki nüfus içindeki orandr. 6-17
yaú grubu için, bu yaú grubunda istihdam edilenlerin, yine bu yaú grubundaki kurumsal olmayan sivil
nüfusa oran úeklinde tanmlanmaktadr.
XV
XV
Açıklama
Explanation
Ev iúleri: Hanehalk fertleri tarafndan kendi evlerinde gerçekleútilen ve ekonomik faaliyet
tanmnn dúnda kalan faaliyetlerdir. Bu faaliyetler, hanehalk fertleri tarafndan (çocuklar da dahil
olmak üzere) ücretsiz olarak gerçekleútirilen evle ilgili iúleri kapsamaktadr. Yemek piúirme, çamaúr
ykama, ütü yapma, hanehalk için alúveriú yapma, küçük kardeúlere veya hanede bulunan hasta
fertlere bakma, evi temizleme, hanede bulunan eúyalar onarma vb. faaliyetler bu kapsamda
de÷erlendirilmektedir.
Ev iúlerinde çalúanlar: Ekonomik bir faaliyette bulunmayan ve referans dönemi içinde süresi
ne olursa olsun yukarda belirtilen ev iúlerinde ailelerine yardmc olan fertlerdir.
Çalúmayan: Referans dönemi içinde ekonomik bir faaliyette bulunmayan ve ev iúlerinde de
çalúmayan fertler, tablolama aúamasnda “çalúmayan” baúl÷ altnda snflandrlmútr.
Okula devam edenler: 6-17 yaú grubunda olup, herhangi bir örgün e÷itim programna
(ilkö÷retim veya lise ve dengi okul) devam eden çocuklar kapsar.
Yaygn e÷itime devam edenler: 6-17 yaú grubunda olup, örgün e÷itime devam etsin veya
etmesin tüm yaúam boyunca herhangi bir yaygn e÷itim programna katlmú olan çocuklar kapsar.
Yaygn e÷itim kapsamnda;
x
Milli E÷itim Bakanl÷ tarafndan düzenlenen çraklk e÷itimleri
x
Halk e÷itim, belediye, Türkiye øú Kurumu vb. kuruluúlar tarafndan düzenlenen kurslar
x
Di÷er kurs ve e÷itimler (yabanc dil, bilgisayar, muhasebe, biçki-dikiú kursu vb. kurslar)
e÷itimler yer almaktadr.
Üniversite snavna yönelik devam edilen dershaneler ve örgün e÷itime devam eden ö÷rencilerin
okuldaki derslerine destek sa÷lamak amacyla devam ettikleri kurslar veya almú olduklar özel dersler
kapsama alnmamútr. Ayn úekilde, çocuklarn tamamen hobi amaçl devam ettikleri kurslar (gitar,
foto÷rafclk, resim vb) da bu kapsamda de÷erlendirilmemiútir.
6. Snflamalar
Ekonomik faaliyetler: Tüm ekonomik faaliyetler Avrupa Birli÷i Ekonomik Faaliyetlerin
østatistiki Snflamas (EFøS Rev. 1.1)’e göre dört rakaml olarak kodlanmú olup, 4 ana sektör itibariyle
yaymlanmútr. (Tablo 5)
XVI
XVI
Explanation
Açıklama
5. Avrupa Birli÷i Ekonomik Faaliyetlerin østatistiki Snflamas (EFøS Rev. 1.1)
Sektör
Ksm
Tanm
Tarm
A,B
Tarm, ormanclk, avclk ve balkçlk
C
Madencilik ve taúocakçl÷
D
ømalat sanayii
E
Elektrik, gaz ve su
F
ønúaat ve bayndrlk iúleri
G
Toptan ve perakende ticaret; motorlu taút, motosiklet,
kiúisel ve ev eúyalarnn onarm
H
Oteller ve lokantalar
I
Ulaútrma, haberleúme ve depolama
J
Mali arac kuruluúlarn faaliyetleri
K
Gayrimenkul, kiralama ve iú faaliyetleri
L
Kamu yönetimi ve savunma, zorunlu sosyal güvenlik
M
E÷itim
N
Sa÷lk iúleri ve sosyal hizmetler
O,P,Q
Di÷er sosyal, toplumsal ve kiúisel hizmet faaliyetleri
Sanayi
Ticaret
Hizmet
Meslek: Tüm meslekler Uluslararas Standart Meslek Snflamasna, (ISCO, 88) uygun olarak
dört rakaml kodlanmútr. Ancak sonuçlar tabloda belirtilen 9 ana grup düzeyinde verilmektedir.
Yaynda meslek deyimi, kiúinin yapt÷ iú anlamnda kullanlmútr. østihdam halindeki her kiúi
esas iúine göre yalnz bir kere istihdamda saylmútr. Referans dönemi içinde kiúinin zamannn ço÷unu
ayrd÷ iú, esas iú olarak adlandrlmútr. (Tablo 6)
6. Uluslararas Standart Meslek Snflamas USMS 88
Ana Grup
Yüksek ve düúük düzeyde
nitelik gerektiren ve el
becerisine dayal olmayan
iúlerde çalúanlar
Nitelik gerektiren el
becerisine dayal iúlerde
çalúanlar
Nitelik gerektirmeyen
Ksm
Tanm
1
Kanun yapclar, üst düzey
yöneticiler ve müdürler
2
Profesyonel meslek mensuplar
3
Yardmc profesyonel meslek mensuplar
4
Büro ve müúteri hizmetlerinde çalúan elemanlar
5
Hizmet ve satú elemanlar
6
Nitelikli tarm, hayvanclk, avclk, ormanclk ve
su ürünleri çalúanlar
7
Sanatkarlar ve ilgili iúlerde çalúanlar
8
Tesis ve makine operatörleri ve montajclar
9
Nitelik gerektirmeyen iúlerde çalúanlar
XVII
XVII
Açıklama
Explanation
øúteki durum: østihdam edilenler, Uluslararas øúteki Durum Snflamasna (ICSE 1993) uygun
olarak snflandrlmú ve yaynda 3 temel grup úeklinde verilmiútir.
1. Ücretli, maaúl veya yevmiyeli
2. Kendi hesabna veya iúveren
3. Ücretsiz aile iúçisi
Ücretli, maaúl veya yevmiyeli: Bir baúkasnn iúinde ayni (mal) ya da nakdi (para) bir gelir
elde etmek amacyla sürekli olarak veya sürekli olmadan iúine göre mevsimlik veya geçici olarak ya da
iú buldukça çalúanlardr. Bir iú ya da meslekte bilgi veya beceri kazanmak amacyla belirli bir menfaat
(ayni yada nakdi gelir, sosyal güvence, yol paras, cep harçl÷, bahúiú vb.) karúl÷nda çalúanlar
(örne÷in; çraklar, stajyer ö÷renciler) istihdamda kabul edilmiútir.
øúveren: Kendi iúyerinde en az bir ücretli veya yevmiyeli eleman çalútran kiúidir. Bir iúyerinde
iúveren durumunda birden fazla ortak bulunabilir. Bu durumda her ortak bir iúveren kabul
edilmektedir.
Kendi hesabna: øúinde, tarlasnda, ba÷nda, bahçesinde, dükkannda, yazhanesinde,
imalathanesinde, tamirhanesinde vb. yerlerde tek baúna veya ücretsiz aile fertleri ile birlikte (yannda
ücretli veya yevmiyeli kiúi çalútrmakszn) ayni (mal) ya da nakdi (para) olarak gelir elde etmek için
çalúanlar bu tanma girmektedir. Bir iúyerinde ücretli kiúi çalútrmakszn birkaç ortak birlikte çalúyor
olabilir. Bu ortaklar da kendi hesabna çalúyor kabul edilmektedir.
Ücretsiz aile iúçisi: Ayn hanede yaúayan birisi tarafndan iúletilen (sahip olunan) ve piyasaya
yönelik faaliyet gösteren iúletmelerde çalúan, iúletmenin orta÷ konumunda olmayan ve bu faaliyetleri
karúl÷nda ücret gelir elde etmeyen kiúilerdir.
XVIII
XVIII
Explanation
Açıklama
EXPLANATION
1. Background
Household labour force surveys which are based on basic definitions and concepts adopted by
the 13th ILO Conference of Labour Statisticians have been taking place regularly since October 1988.
These surveys were conducted bi-annually by taking April and October each year in the period 19881999 and starting from 2000 they became a monthly work. While outcomes of household labour
surveys were published quarterly from 2000 to 2005, starting from 2005 results are announced in
every month based on the moving averages of three months.
In addition to labour force surveys which make it possible to collect detailed data relating to
labour market regularly, there are also modular surveys conducted in specific periods. These modular
surveys based on additional questionnaires target obtaining information about some different areas
and aspects of labour market.
Additional modules mentioned above also include Child Labour Surveys, which were conducted
in October 1994 and October 1999 within the framework of projects contracted by the ILO and
TURKSTAT.
In 1991, the International Labour Organisation identified child labour as an issue of international
relevance and launched the “International Programme for the Elimination of Child Labour” (IPEC). The
programme was first launched in 1992 with the participation of six countries including Turkey. The
long term target of the IPEC is to fully eliminate child labour while it seeks to protect working children
and improve their working conditions in shorter and medium term.
As a problem relevant for all developing countries including Turkey, child labour is closely
associated with such factors as demography, education, economic growth and social development. For
diversifying and enriching data related to child labour, the first child labour survey in Turkey was
carried out in 1994 under a joint project launched by the ILO and TURKSTAT. The second child labour
survey in October 1999 was carried out within the framework of “Statistical Information and
Monitoring Programme on Child Labour” (SIMPOC).
Considering need for up to date data on this issue, a new project was undersigned by ILO and
TURKSTAT in 2006 and Child Labour Survey was conducted in October, November and December
together with Household Labour Force Survey.
XIX
Açıklama
Explanation
Table below gives information about age groups covered and sample sizes in surveys conducted
in 1994, 1999 and 2006.
1. Age group covered and sample size in child labour surveys
Sample Size
Age group
covered
Turkey
Urban
Rural
October 1994
6 - 14
13 537
9 194
4 343
October 1999
6 - 17
23 189
17 978
5 211
October-November-December 2006
6 - 17
38 039
26 566
11 473
Years
2. Objective
The principal objective of the survey is to obtain a nationwide database on working children and
to depict the distribution of working children by sectors they are employed and respective working
conditions as well as social, demographic and economic characteristics.
3. Coverage
Geographical Area Covered: In Turkey all individual settlements were considered as
universe. Of these settlements those with population 20,001 or more are classified as URBAN and
settlements with population 20,000 or less are classified as RURAL.
Persons Covered: The universe of the survey consists of all households in Turkey and, at
individual level, all household members in the age group 6-17. Children in boarding schools,
dormitories, childcare centres, reformatories, hospitals and prisons were excluded.
4. Method
4.1 Sampling Design
Since child labour survey was conducted with households who were selected as sample under
household labour force survey, the sampling design is naturally based on the sampling design relevant
to the latter.
XX
XX
Explanation
Açıklama
The sampling in household labour force survey was designed over a period of five years
comprising 3-monthly quarters and as susceptible to field practice each and every month. The sample
was designed on annual basis. Annual estimates were based on categories Turkey, urban, rural,
Classification of Statistical Region Units, Level 1 (with urban/rural distinction) and Level 2. Quarterly
estimates were arranged on the basis of categories Turkey, urban and rural. Population group
stratification was used as criterion for internal stratification.
2. Criteria in population group stratification
Rural population
groups
Code of
population group
Code of
population group
Urban population
groups
100 – 200
A
20001 - 50000
4
201 – 500
B
50001 - 200000
5
501 – 2000
C
200001 +
6
2001 – 5000
2
Lower level or Central District
7
5001 - 20000
3
The size of annual sample consists of 156,000 households (39,000 households on periodical
basis). Considering possible non-response cases, the sample size was increased by 10%. Population
sizes used in sampling design were from the results of the 2000 Census.
The sampling design which was on annual basis consisted of 27 sub-samples each representing
the country as a whole. Further, a rotation design was planned so as to actively use 8 sub-samples in
each period. There were 258 blocks in each sub-sample. From each block, addresses for periodic
surveys were selected (two times the number obtained by applying f2 ratios). Selected addresses were
then divided into two sets as A and B. Within any single period, only one set in a specific block was
covered by the survey. The process was designed so as to yield on average 15 completed
questionnaires for each set in a block.
Sampling Method: The method involves two stages. It is based on a two stages stratified
clustered probability sample involving eight sub-samples.
Selection of the Final Sampling Unit: The sampling plan consists of two stages. The
sampling unit at the first stage consists of blocks with 100 households on average. The address
framework used in blocks is based on the year 2000 Dwelling Enumeration Study. In settlements
where block counting could not be made (i.e. settlements without Dwelling Enumeration Listing) the
XXI
XXI
Açıklama
Explanation
first stage unit was taken as the settlement itself. The second stage sampling unit consists of
households to be selected from blocks that were selected earlier. The number of households to be
selected was identified so as to yield the overall sampling ratio for ensuring the self-weighing property
of the design. This operation requires the use of the ratio f2 to determine the number of households
to be selected. The sampling ratio f0 for stratum sampling was found through the relationship f0=f1.f2
where f1 stands for the sampling ratio applied at the first stage (while selecting blocks). To determine
the number of households to be selected from blocks or settlements, the ratio f2 was multiplied by the
number of households obtained as a result of listing. Since two sets (A and B) of households would be
identified in order to ensure rotation on household basis, the double of the ratio f2 was used to
multiply with the number of household coming in from the field and ultimately reach the number of
households to be selected. Later, selected households were systematically divided into two so as to
form sets A and B. In any given block, only one set (A or B) is covered in the survey.
Stratification: Stratification is based on Classification of Statistical Region Units, Level 2
(26 regions) and rural and urban settings. Further, settlements with population 200.000 or more are
taken each as a stratum.
Weighing: Weighing is a method used to obtain parameters from the data set resulting from
sampling so as to represent the universe. These parameters include design weights, adjustments for
non-response, external distribution checks and ultimate multiplying factor. Reaching accurate
estimates depends on a step-by-step and careful process of weighting. All the weighting factors
mentioned above were used in Household Labour Force Survey.
In the historical tables given in this publication, the results of Child Labour Surveys 1994 and
1999 were presented after re-weighting on the basis of population projections made by referring to
the General Population Census of 2000. Thus, these figures differ from earlier results especially in
sub-details.
XXII
XXII
Explanation
Açıklama
4.2 Questionnaire
Questions in the list that constitutes the child labour questionnaire are as follows:
x
Questions that are added to only for the age group 6-14 to what exist in the labour force
survey for the age group 15-17.
x
Additional questions for the age group 6-17
o
Additional questions relating to education,
o
Other questions.
While constructing the questionnaire for the Child Labour, questions already existing in the
Labour Force Survey for the age group 15-17 were preserved and questions geared to measuring
employment in the age group 6-14 were added. Special attention was paid to make sure that
expression and explanations of questions (i.e. status in employment, economic activity, occupation,
size of workplace, etc.) relating to employed persons in the age group 6-14 were exactly the same
with corresponding questions in the labour force survey. Nevertheless there were also some additional
questions of reminding nature to see whether children in the age group 6-14 were actually employed.
Questions in the child labour survey were taken up in three major groups:
1. Questions Relating to The Labour Force: (i.e. whether the child is working, economic
activity, work performed (occupation), status in employment, working hours, location of
workplace, monthly earning, other social benefits, age at first employment, causes of
starting to work, whether he is seeking job, whether wants to work if there is available job,
etc.): Most questions in this group are already asked for the age group 15-17 in the existing
labour force survey. Hence, the child labour survey includes only 3 additional questions
relating to the employment of children in the age group 15-17 (i.e. other social benefits,
age at first employment, causes of starting to work).
2. Questions Related to Education: In addition to education related standard questions
that exist in the labour force survey questionnaire (last school completed, whether
attending any school, grade and class if attending school), the children in the age group 617 were also asked some additional questions including age at starting school, absence
from school on any day within the reference week, reasons for absence or non-attendance,
age at leaving school, the last school and class attended, attending any non-formal
education, etc.).
XXIII
XXIII
Açıklama
Explanation
3. Questions Related to Household Chores: All children in the age group 6-17 were asked
whether they helped in household chores within the reference week, regardless of duration
of such help.
4.3 Implementation
Reference period: The first week of months October, November and December starting with
Monday and ending with Sunday were taken as reference period.
Implementation months
October
Period of reference
2-8 October 2006
November
6-12 November 2006
December
4-10 December 2006
Application period: The survey was implemented in months October, November and
December within the 2nd and 3rd week following the reference week.
Data collection method: All information related to household members in the survey was
collected through face to face interviews in the field, which is called “computer assisted personal
interview” (CAPI).
Results of household interviews
In household labour force survey “Non-response Forms” are filled in for those households with
which no interview could be realised for various reasons (i.e. absence, refusing to be interviewed,
failure in communication, etc.). Since child labour force survey was applied to the same households
selected for labour force survey, the rate of non-response in child labour survey is the same with
the overall labour force survey. Table below gives the percentage of responding households and
reasons of non-response on the basis of Turkey, Rural and Urban areas.
XXIV
XXIV
Explanation
Açıklama
3. Reasons why questionnaire was not filled in total household sample
State of responding to the questionnaire
Questionnaire was filled in
Total
(%)
Urban
(%)
Rural
(%)
86.1
85.5
87.5
Household was absent
8.1
8.3
7.6
Household refused to be interviewed
0.5
0.6
0.1
No communication could be established
0.2
0.2
0.1
House is vacated
3.6
3.7
3.4
Sample address is an office/workplace
0.2
0.2
0.0
Sample address is a construction site, etc.
0.4
0.5
0.2
Address could not be found
0.3
0.3
0.1
Other
0.7
0.6
0.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
Total household sample
The rate of non-response is calculated as the proportion of “actual” reasons of non-response
(i.e. absence from home, refusing to be interviewed, failure in communication, vacated house) to the
number of households obtained after deducting framework errors and inconvenient units
(i.e. workplace, construction site, empty parcel, unfound address, etc.) from total sample size. The
rate of non-response calculated this way is given in Table 4 below.
4. Non-response rate of the survey
Total household sample
Percentage (%)
Turkey
38 039
12.5
Urban
26 566
13.0
Rural
11 473
11.3
5. Basic Concepts and Definitions
Household: Community comprising one or more persons who share the same residence or part
of a residence regardless of existence of kinship ties, who share the same meal, do not divide up their
earnings and expenditures and take part in the management of household affairs.
Non-institutional civil population: Comprises all the population, the residents of schools,
dormitories, kindergartens, rest homes for elderly persons, special hospitals, military barracks and
recreation quarters for officers.
XXV
XXV
Açıklama
Explanation
Non-institutional working age population: Indicates the population 15 years of age and
over within the non-institutional civilian population.
Child: Under international instruments relating to “worst forms of child labour” and “child
rights” any person under age 18 is a child. Hence, persons in the age group 6-17 covered in this
survey are defined as “children.”
Economic activity: All activities carried out for wage, profit or family earning (including unpaid
work in family enterprises). This category also includes market oriented activities as well as
contributions to these activities including gathering from nature, wood collection or logging, hunting,
grazing, milking animals, processing butter, cheese etc., harvesting, grinding, feeding poultry,
collecting eggs; carrying loads of other persons out of household, washing others’ cars, etc.
Economically active population (Employed): This category comprises persons who, during
the reference week, work at least 1 hour on any day for wage, profit or as unpaid in family enterprises
as well as others who maintain their jobs although may not have been at work for various reasons
during the reference week.
Employment rate: This is the ratio of employed persons to non-institutional working age
population. For the age group 6-17, the rate of employment is the ratio of employed persons in the
age group 6-17 to total non-institutional population in the same age group.
Domestic work (Household chores): These are activities which are carried out at home by
household members and which remain out of the scope of economic activity. These activities consist
of work performed by household members (including children) without any pay. Such activities as
cooking, washing, ironing, shopping, caring for siblings or ill household members, cleaning, repairing
household items, etc. all fall in this category.
Those engaged in household chores: Persons not engaged in any economic activity but
helping their family in above stated works within the reference period regardless the duration of work.
Not working: Persons neither engaged in any economic activity nor domestic works during the
reference period are classified under the heading “not working” in tabulations.
Attending school: Children in the age group 6-17 who are presently attending any formal
education programme (primary and secondary education or their equivalent).
XXVI
XXVI
Explanation
Açıklama
Attending non-formal education: Children in the age group 6-17 who regardless of their
present enrolment to formal education institutions, have taken part in any non-formal education
programme. The term non-formal education covers:
x
Apprenticeship training organised by the Ministry of National Education
x
Courses organised by adult education, municipalities, Turkish Employment Agency, etc.
x
Other courses and training programmes (foreign language, computer, accounting, cuttingsewing, etc.)
Excluded are those attending private education institutions for university admittance tests as
well as other students taking private courses to support their formal education. Similarly, courses that
children attend solely as hobby or personal interest (i.e. guitar, photography, painting, etc.) are also
excluded.
6. Classifications
Economic activities: All economic activities were coded with four digits according to EU
Statistical Classification of Economic Activities (NACE Rev. 1.1) and published in four major sectors.
(Table 5)
5. EU Statistical Classification of Economic Activities (NACE Rev. 1.1)
Sector
Part
Description
Agriculture
A, B
Agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishing
C
Mining and quarrying
D
Manufacturing
E
Electricity, gas and water supply
F
H
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycle and
personal and household items
Hotels and restaurants
I
Transportation, communication and storage
J
Financial intermediation
K
M
Real estate, rental and business services
Public administration and defence, compulsory social security,
excluding armed forces
Education
N
Health and social work
O, P, Q
Other social, community and personal service activities
Industry
Trade
Services
G
L
XXVII
XXVII
Açıklama
Explanation
Occupation: All occupations were coded in four digits in line with International Standard
Classification of Occupations (ISCO, 88). However, results are presented by 9 major groups as shown
in the table.
The term “occupation” is used in the publication to denote the work that a person performs.
Each employed person was counted only once with respect to his/her main work. The work that a
person shares most of his/her time during the reference period is considered as his/her main work.
(Table 6)
6. International Standard Classification of Occupations, ISCO 88
Main Groups
Part
Highly or low skilled
non-manual
workers
Skilled manual
workers
Elementary
occupations
Description
1
Legislators, senior officials and managers
2
Professionals
3
Technicians and associate professionals
4
Clerks
5
Service workers, shop and market sales workers
6
Skilled agricultural and fishery
7
Craft and related trade workers
8
Plant and machine operators and assemblers
9
Elementary occupations
Status in Employment: Employed persons were classified in line with International
Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE, 1993) and given in 3 groups:
1. Regular and casual employee
2. Self employed or employers
3. Unpaid family workers
Regular and casual employee: Persons who work permanently, temporarily, seasonally or
casually for some employer in return for remuneration in-kind (goods) or cash (money). Those who
work in order to acquire information or experience in a specific job or occupation in return for some
benefits (i.e. in kind or cash earnings, social security, transportation cost, pocket money, tips, etc.)
are also considered as employed (for example apprentices or interns).
XXVIII
XXVIII
Explanation
Açıklama
Employer: A person who employs at least one regular or casual employee in his enterprise.
In a given enterprise there may be owning partners in which case each should be considered as
employer.
Self employed: This category covers those who work on their own jobs, farms, orchards,
shops, offices, workshops, repair shops, etc. on their own or together with unpaid family members
(without employing any wage worker) in order to have in kind or cash returns. In any workplace there
may be partners working together without employing and wage worker; in such cases each partner is
considered as self employed.
Unpaid family worker: These are persons who work in enterprises run (owned) by one of the
members of the same household, who have no partnership status in the enterprise and who are not
paid in return for their work.
XXIX
XXIX
Historical Tables, 1994-2006
Tarihsel Tablolar, 1994-2006
Non-institutional civilian population and employment by age group and sex
(Bin - Thousand)
Kurumsal olmayan sivil nüfus
Non-institutional civilian population
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Ekim
October
1994
Ekim
October
1999
EkimKasmAralk
October
November
December
2006
Ekonomik iúlerde çalúanlar
(istihdam edilenler)
Engaged in economic activity
(Employed)
østihdam oran
Employment rate (%)
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim November
October December
1999
2006
Ekim
October
(1)
1994
Ekim
October
1994
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim November
October December
1999
2006
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
Toplam - Total
6-17
0- 5
6-14
15-17
18-24
25-34
35-54
55 +
59 736
65 422
72 958
20 984
22 124
22 963
40.9
38.5
35.6
14 968
15 822
16 264
2 270
1 630
958
15.2
10.3
5.9
8 469
7 930
8 479
-
-
-
-
-
-
10 945
11 939
12 478
958
609
320
8.8
5.1
2.6
4 023
3 883
3 786
1 312
1 021
638
32.6
26.3
16.9
8 156
8 818
8 290
3 879
3 847
3 163
47.6
43.6
38.2
9 532
11 152
13 170
5 726
6 520
7 400
60.1
58.5
56.2
11 991
14 188
17 804
7 064
7 947
9 515
58.9
56.0
53.4
6 620
7 514
8 948
2 044
2 172
1 927
30.9
28.9
21.5
29 846
32 671
36 379
14 992
16 005
17 011
58.7
55.9
53.1
7 628
8 022
8 192
1 372
955
632
18.0
11.9
7.7
4 306
4 035
4 337
-
-
-
-
-
-
5 584
6 054
6 286
567
340
207
10.2
5.6
3.3
2 044
1 968
1 906
805
615
425
39.4
31.3
22.3
3 902
4 249
3 946
2 552
2 539
2 124
65.4
59.8
53.8
4 796
5 628
6 692
4 367
4 992
5 656
91.1
88.7
84.5
6 090
7 192
8 983
5 251
6 062
7 181
86.2
84.3
79.9
3 124
3 546
4 227
1 449
1 458
1 418
46.4
41.1
33.5
29 890
32 751
36 579
5 992
6 119
5 952
23.3
21.2
18.3
7 340
7 800
8 072
898
675
326
12.2
8.7
4.0
Erkek - Males
Toplam - Total
6-17
0- 5
6-14
15-17
18-24
25-34
35-54
55 +
Kadn - Females
Toplam - Total
6-17
0- 5
6-14
15-17
18-24
25-34
35-54
55 +
4 163
3 895
4 142
-
-
-
-
-
-
5 361
5 885
6 192
391
269
113
7.3
4.6
1.8
1 979
1 915
1 880
507
406
213
25.6
21.2
11.3
4 254
4 569
4 344
1 327
1 308
1 039
31.2
28.6
23.9
4 736
5 524
6 478
1 359
1 528
1 744
28.7
27.7
26.9
5 901
6 996
8 821
1 813
1 885
2 334
30.7
26.9
26.5
3 496
3 968
4 721
595
714
509
17.0
18.0
10.8
Not. 1. 1994 ve 1999 Çocuk øúgücü Anketi sonuçlar
2000 Genel Nüfus Saym sonuçlarna göre revize
edilmiútir.
Note. 1. Results of the 1994 and 1999 Child Labour Surveys were
revised according to the 2000 Population Census results.
(1) Ekim 1994 Çocuk iúgücü Anketi'nde 6-14 yaú
grubu esas alnmú olmakla birlikte, 15-17 yaú
grubu istihdam bilgileri ayn dönem Hanehalk
øúgücü Anketi'nde mevcuttur.
(1) Although 6-14 age group was covered in October 1994
Child Labour Survey, employment data for 15-17 age
group are available in the Household Labour Force
Survey of the same period.
1
1.1 Yaú grubu ve cinsiyete göre kurumsal olmayan sivil nüfus ve istihdam (devam)
Non-institutional civilian population and employment by age group and sex (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
(Employed)
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Ekim
October
1994
Ekim
October
1999
EkimKasmAralk
October
November
December
2006
Ekim
October
(1)
1994
østihdam oran
Employment rate (%)
Ekim
October
1999
EkimKasmAralk
October
November
December
2006
Ekim
October
1994
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim November
October December
1999
2006
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
Toplam - Total
6-17
0- 5
6-14
15-17
18-24
25-34
35-54
55 +
32 978
38 188
45 769
9 516
10 778
13 474
33.6
32.0
33.2
7 858
9 011
9 901
609
478
457
7.8
5.3
4.6
4 617
4 524
5 137
-
-
-
-
-
-
5 761
6 730
7 502
185
109
116
3.2
1.6
1.5
2 097
2 281
2 399
424
369
341
20.2
16.2
14.2
4 624
5 234
5 481
1 678
1 809
1 946
36.3
34.6
35.5
5 800
7 027
8 953
3 171
3 758
4 942
54.7
53.5
55.2
6 980
8 650
11 450
3 557
4 230
5 554
51.0
48.9
48.5
3 098
3 742
4 847
500
503
572
16.1
13.4
11.8
16 573
19 152
23 062
7 883
8 806
10 635
55.5
52.3
52.0
4 021
4 586
5 099
478
362
337
11.9
7.9
6.6
2 370
2 321
2 606
-
-
-
-
-
-
2 917
3 386
3 831
141
81
85
4.8
2.4
2.2
1 104
1 200
1 268
337
281
252
30.5
23.4
19.9
2 215
2 521
2 669
1 288
1 334
1 355
58.1
52.9
50.8
2 894
3 529
4 580
2 635
3 088
3 897
91.1
87.5
85.1
3 628
4 410
5 807
3 037
3 584
4 549
83.7
81.3
78.3
1 445
1 786
2 301
444
438
497
30.7
24.5
21.6
16 405
19 036
22 707
1 633
1 972
2 839
11.5
11.7
14.1
3 837
4 425
4 802
131
116
120
3.4
2.6
2.5
Erkek - Males
Toplam - Total
6-17
0- 5
6-14
15-17
18-24
25-34
35-54
55 +
Kadn - Females
Toplam - Total
6-17
0- 5
6-14
15-17
18-24
25-34
35-54
55 +
2 247
2 204
2 531
-
-
-
-
-
-
2 844
3 344
3 671
44
28
31
1.5
0.8
0.8
993
1 081
1 131
87
88
89
8.8
8.1
7.9
2 409
2 713
2 812
390
475
591
16.2
17.5
21.0
2 907
3 498
4 373
536
670
1 045
18.4
19.2
23.9
3 352
4 240
5 643
520
646
1 005
15.5
15.2
17.8
1 653
1 956
2 546
55
65
75
3.3
3.3
2.9
edilmiútir.
2
1.1 Yaú grubu ve cinsiyete göre kurumsal olmayan sivil nüfus ve istihdam (devam)
Non-institutional civilian population and employment by age group and sex (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Ekim
October
1994
Ekim
October
1999
EkimKasmAralk
October
November
December
2006
(Employed)
Ekim
October
(1)
1994
østihdam oran
Employment rate (%)
Ekim
October
1999
EkimKasmAralk
October
November
December
2006
Ekim
October
1994
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim November
October December
1999
2006
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
Toplam - Total
6-17
0- 5
6-14
15-17
18-24
25-34
35-54
55 +
26 758
27 235
27 190
11 468
11 337
9 491
50.1
47.6
39.8
7 110
6 811
6 363
1 658
1 152
501
23.3
16.9
7.9
3 853
3 406
3 343
-
-
-
-
-
-
5 184
5 209
4 976
772
500
205
14.9
9.6
4.1
1 926
1 602
1 387
886
652
297
46.0
40.7
21.4
3 532
3 584
2 809
2 201
2 038
1 217
62.3
56.9
43.3
3 731
4 124
4 218
2 555
2 761
2 458
68.5
66.9
58.3
5 010
5 537
6 355
3 508
3 717
3 960
70.0
67.1
62.3
3 522
3 772
4 102
1 544
1 669
1 354
43.8
44.2
33.0
13 273
13 519
13 319
7 109
7 199
6 375
62.7
61.0
55.0
3 607
3 436
3 094
893
593
295
24.8
17.3
9.6
1 936
1 714
1 731
-
-
-
-
-
-
2 667
2 668
2 456
426
259
123
16.0
9.7
5.0
940
768
638
467
334
173
49.7
43.5
27.1
1 687
1 728
1 277
1 264
1 205
769
74.9
69.7
60.2
1 903
2 098
2 113
1 732
1 903
1 759
91.0
90.7
83.2
2 462
2 782
3 177
2 214
2 478
2 631
89.9
89.1
82.8
1 679
1 760
1 927
1 005
1 020
920
59.9
58.0
47.7
13 485
13 716
13 871
4 359
4 138
3 116
37.7
34.4
25.4
3 503
3 375
3 269
765
559
206
21.8
16.6
6.3
Erkek - Males
Toplam - Total
6-17
0- 5
6-14
15-17
18-24
25-34
35-54
55 +
Kadn - Females
Toplam - Total
6-17
0- 5
6-14
15-17
18-24
25-34
35-54
55 +
1 917
1 692
1 612
-
-
-
-
-
-
2 517
2 541
2 520
346
241
82
13.7
9.5
3.3
986
834
749
419
318
124
42.5
38.1
16.6
1 845
1 856
1 532
937
833
448
50.8
44.9
29.2
1 829
2 026
2 105
823
858
699
45.0
42.3
33.2
2 548
2 755
3 178
1 294
1 239
1 329
50.8
45.0
41.8
1 843
2 012
2 175
539
649
434
29.2
32.3
20.0
edilmiútir.
3
1.2 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve çalúma durumuna göre çocuklar
Children by age, sex and type of activity
(Bin - Thousand)
Çocuk says
Number of children
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Ekim
October
1994
Ekonomik iúlerde çalúan
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim November
October December
2006
1999
Ekim
October
1994(1)
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim November
October December
2006
1999
Ev iúlerinde çalúan
Engaged in domestic chores
Çalúmayan
Not working
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim
Ekim November
October October December
1994(1)
2006
1999
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim November
Ekim
2006
1999
1994
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam-Total
14 968
15 821
16 264
6 - 14
10 945
11 938
12 478
15 - 17
4 023
3 883
3 786
7 628
8 021
8 192
6 - 14
5 584
6 054
15 - 17
2 044
1 968
Erkek-Males
Kadn - Females
2 270
1 630
958
-
958
608
320
2 679
1 311
1 021
638
-
1 372
954
632
-
6 286
567
339
207
1 906
805
615
425
4 470
7 004
-
9 722
8 305
3 086
4 883
7 308
8 244
7 274
1 384
2 120
-
1 478
1 028
1 208
2 714
-
5 859
4 846
883
934
1 979
4 134
4 780
4 100
-
274
735
-
1 079
746
7 340
7 800
8 072
898
676
326
-
3 261
4 289
-
3 863
3 456
6 - 14
5 361
5 885
6 192
390
269
113
1 796
2 151
2 904
3 174
3 464
3 174
15 - 17
1 979
1 915
1 880
506
407
213
-
1 110
1 385
-
398
282
4 524
-
5 686
4 922
4 225
KENT - URBAN
Toplam-Total
7 858
9 010
9 901
610
478
457
-
2 846
6 - 14
5 761
6 729
7 502
185
109
116
1 507
1 923
3 160
4 068
4 698
15 - 17
2 097
2 280
2 399
424
369
341
-
923
1 364
-
988
697
4 021
4 585
5 099
479
361
337
-
869
1 886
-
3 353
2 877
6 - 14
2 917
3 386
3 831
141
81
85
496
663
1 361
2 280
2 642
2 385
15 - 17
1 104
1 200
1 268
338
281
252
-
207
526
-
712
492
3 837
4 425
4 802
132
116
120
-
1 976
2 636
-
2 332
2 045
Erkek-Males
Kadn - Females
6 - 14
15 - 17
2 844
3 344
3 671
44
28
31
1 011
1 259
1 799
1 789
2 056
1 840
993
1 081
1 131
88
88
89
-
717
838
-
277
205
KIR - RURAL
Toplam-Total
7 110
6 812
6 363
1 659
1 151
501
-
1 624
2 480
-
4 036
3 383
6 - 14
5 184
5 209
4 976
772
499
204
1 171
1 163
1 722
3 240
3 547
3 050
15 - 17
1 926
1 602
1 387
887
652
297
-
461
758
-
489
333
3 607
3 436
3 093
893
592
295
-
338
828
-
2 506
1 971
2 667
2 668
2 456
426
259
123
387
272
618
1 854
2 139
1 716
940
768
638
467
333
173
-
67
210
-
367
255
3 503
3 375
3 270
765
559
206
-
1 286
1 652
-
1 530
1 412
2 517
2 541
2 520
346
240
82
785
891
1 104
1 385
1 409
1 334
986
834
749
420
319
124
-
393
548
-
122
78
Erkek-Males
6 - 14
15 - 17
Kadn - Females
6 - 14
15 - 17
Not. 1. 1994 ve 1999 Çocuk øúgücü Anketi sonuçlar 2000
Genel Nüfus Saym sonuçlarna göre revize edilmiútir.
(1) Ekim 1994 Çocuk iúgücü Anketi'nde 6-14 yaú grubu
esas alnmú olmakla birlikte, 15-17 yaú grubu
istihdam bilgileri ayn dönem Hanehalk øúgücü
Anketi'nde mevcuttur.
(1) Although 6-14 age group was covered in October 1994 Child
Labour Survey, employment data for 15-17 age group are
available in the Household Labour Force Survey of the same
period.
4
1.3 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve çalúma durumuna göre okula devam eden çocuklar
Children attending school by age group, sex and type of activity
(Bin - Thousand)
Okula devam eden
çocuk says
Total number of children
attending school
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Ekim
October
1994
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim November
October December
1999
2006
Ekim
October
1994
(1)
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim November
October December
1999
2006
Ev iúlerinde
çalúanlar
Çalúmayanlar
Not working
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim
Ekim November
1994
1999
2006
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim
Ekim November
1994
1999
2006
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
11 279
12 526
13 772
477
389
302
-
3 391
5 896
-
8 746
7 574
6 - 14
9 478
10 493
11 533
374
276
196
2 197
2 650
4 561
6 908
7 567
6 775
15 - 17
1 801
2 032
2 240
103
112
106
-
741
1 335
-
1 179
799
Erkek-Males
6 120
6 686
7 165
309
244
220
-
1 135
2 529
-
5 307
4 417
6 - 14
5 011
5 509
5 917
237
167
138
844
892
1 939
3 930
4 450
3 840
15 - 17
1 109
1 177
1 248
72
77
82
-
243
590
-
857
577
5 159
5 839
6 607
168
145
82
-
2 255
3 367
-
3 439
3 157
4 468
4 983
5 616
136
109
58
1 353
1 757
2 622
2 978
3 117
2 935
692
855
991
31
36
24
-
498
745
-
321
222
Kadn-Females
6 - 14
15 - 17
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
6 400
7 438
8 636
66
49
129
-
2 236
3 996
-
5 153
4 510
6 - 14
5 226
6 036
7 042
40
16
62
1 296
1 692
3 033
3 889
4 328
3 947
15 - 17
1 174
1 402
1 594
25
33
67
-
544
963
-
825
564
3 392
3 906
4 504
57
38
103
-
822
1 772
-
3 046
2 629
2 700
3 117
3 622
34
14
52
480
638
1 338
2 186
2 465
2 231
692
790
882
23
24
51
-
185
434
-
581
398
3 008
3 531
4 132
9
11
26
-
1 414
2 224
-
2 106
1 882
2 526
2 919
3 420
6
2
10
816
1 054
1 695
1 703
1 863
1 715
482
613
712
3
9
16
-
360
530
-
244
166
Erkek-Males
6 - 14
15 - 17
Kadn-Females
6 - 14
15 - 17
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
6 - 14
15 - 17
Erkek-Males
6 - 14
15 - 17
Kadn-Females
6 - 14
15 - 17
4 879
5 087
5 136
411
339
172
-
1 155
1 900
-
3 593
3 064
4 253
4 457
4 491
333
260
134
900
958
1 528
3 019
3 239
2 829
626
630
645
78
79
39
-
197
372
-
354
235
2 728
2 779
2 661
252
205
116
-
313
757
-
2 261
1 788
2 311
2 393
2 295
203
153
86
364
255
601
1 744
1 985
1 609
417
386
366
49
52
31
-
58
156
-
276
179
2 152
2 308
2 475
158
134
56
-
842
1 143
-
1 332
1 276
1 942
2 062
2 196
130
104
48
537
703
927
1 275
1 255
1 220
210
243
279
29
27
8
-
138
216
-
78
56
2. 5 bin kiúiden az de÷erlerde örnek büyüklü÷ü
güvenilir tahminler için yeterli de÷ildir.
2. Sample size is too small for reliable estimates for figures less
than 5 thousand persons in each cell.
period.
5
1.4 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve çalúma durumuna göre okula devam etmeyen çocuklar
Children not attending school by age group, sex and type of activity
(Bin - Thousand)
Okula devam etmeyen
çocuk says
Total number of children not
attending school
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Ekim
October
1994
Ekim
October
1999
EkimKasmAralk
October
November
December
2006
Ev iúlerinde
çalúanlar
Ekim
October
(1)
1994
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim November
October December
1999
2006
Ekim
October
1994
Ekim
October
1999
EkimKasmAralk
October
November
December
2006
Çalúmayanlar
Not working
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim
Ekim November
1994
1999
2006
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
3 689
3 296
2 492
1 793
1 241
656
-
1 079
1 106
-
976
6 - 14
1 467
1 445
945
584
332
124
482
436
321
400
677
500
15 - 17
2 222
1 851
1 546
1 208
909
532
-
643
785
-
299
230
430
Erkek-Males
730
1 509
1 335
1 028
1 063
710
413
-
73
185
-
552
6 - 14
573
544
370
330
172
69
39
42
40
204
330
260
15 - 17
935
791
658
733
538
343
-
31
145
-
222
169
2 181
1 961
1 465
730
531
244
-
1 006
921
-
424
300
894
901
576
254
160
55
443
394
282
196
347
239
1 287
1 060
889
475
371
189
-
612
640
-
77
60
411
Kadn-Females
6 - 14
15 - 17
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
1 458
1 572
1 266
544
429
327
-
610
527
-
533
6 - 14
536
694
460
145
93
54
211
231
127
179
370
279
15 - 17
922
878
807
399
336
274
-
379
400
-
163
132
Erkek-Males
629
677
595
422
323
234
-
47
114
-
307
247
6 - 14
218
269
209
107
67
32
16
25
23
94
177
154
15 - 17
412
410
386
315
257
201
-
22
92
-
131
94
Kadn-Females
829
893
670
123
105
94
-
562
412
-
226
164
6 - 14
318
424
251
38
26
21
195
205
104
86
193
125
15 - 17
511
469
418
85
79
73
-
357
308
-
33
39
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
6 - 14
15 - 17
Erkek-Males
2 231
1 724
1 227
1 248
812
329
-
469
580
-
443
318
931
752
485
439
239
70
271
205
194
221
308
221
1 300
972
741
809
573
258
-
264
385
-
135
97
879
657
432
641
387
179
-
25
71
-
245
182
6 - 14
356
277
161
223
106
37
23
17
17
110
154
107
15 - 17
524
381
271
418
281
142
-
9
54
-
91
76
1 351
1 067
794
607
425
150
-
444
509
-
198
136
6 - 14
575
475
325
216
133
33
248
188
177
110
154
114
15 - 17
776
591
470
391
292
116
-
255
332
-
44
22
Kadn-Females
period.
6
1.5 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve sektöre göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
Children engaged in economic activity by age group, sex and economic activity
(Bin - Thousand)
Ekonomik faaliyet kolu
Branch of economic activity
Toplam
Total
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Ekim
October
1994(1)
Tarm
Agriculture
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim November
October December
2006
1999
Ekim
October
1994
Sanayi
Industry
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim November
October December
2006
1999
Ticaret
Trade
EkimKasmAralk
October
Ekim
Ekim November
2006
1994
1999
Hizmet
Services
EkimEkimKasmKasmAralk
Aralk
October
October
Ekim
Ekim November
Ekim
Ekim November
October October December October October December
2006
2006
1994
1999
1994
1999
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam-Total
6-14
2 269
1 630
958
1 510
990
393
385
322
272
180
159
205
195
159
88
21
958
609
320
730
461
183
106
70
51
50
31
65
71
47
1 311
1 021
638
779
529
210
279
252
221
130
128
140
123
112
66
1 372
954
632
762
460
203
276
239
186
168
125
175
166
130
67
6-14
567
340
207
388
226
102
70
50
31
46
27
55
65
37
19
15-17
805
615
425
374
235
101
206
189
155
123
98
120
101
93
49
Kadn-Females
897
675
326
748
529
190
109
83
85
11
34
30
29
29
20
6-14
391
269
113
343
235
80
37
20
19
4
4
10
7
10
3
15-17
507
406
213
405
294
109
73
63
66
7
30
20
22
19
18
226
212
147
117
151
134
112
62
15-17
Erkek-Males
KENT - URBAN
Toplam-Total
610
478
457
54
23
32
6-14
186
110
116
15-17
425
369
341
Erkek-Males
478
362
6-14
141
15-17
337
Kadn-Females
132
6-14
15-17
275
22
9
18
74
51
42
41
21
42
48
29
14
32
14
14
201
175
170
106
97
108
86
83
48
337
28
13
14
199
166
145
137
92
129
114
91
49
81
85
12
5
11
49
35
26
38
19
35
43
22
12
281
252
17
8
3
150
131
119
99
73
93
71
69
37
117
120
25
10
18
76
60
67
10
25
22
21
22
14
44
29
31
10
5
7
26
15
15
3
2
7
5
7
2
87
88
89
15
5
11
50
44
51
7
24
15
15
15
12
60
32
42
55
60
47
25
KIR - RURAL
Toplam-Total
1 659
1 152
501
1 456
967
361
110
96
6-14
772
499
204
708
452
165
32
19
9
9
10
23
23
18
7
15-17
887
651
297
748
515
196
78
77
51
23
31
32
37
28
18
Erkek-Males
894
592
295
733
448
189
77
73
41
31
32
46
52
39
19
6-14
426
258
123
376
221
91
21
15
5
8
7
20
22
15
7
15-17
467
334
173
358
227
98
56
58
36
23
25
26
31
24
12
Kadn-Females
766
559
206
723
519
172
34
24
19
1
9
9
8
7
7
6-14
346
241
82
333
231
74
11
4
4
1
3
3
1
3
1
15-17
419
318
124
390
289
98
23
19
15
0
6
5
6
4
6
Not. 1. 1994 ve 1999 Çocuk øúgücü Anketi sonuçlar 2000 Genel
Nüfus Saym sonuçlarna göre revize edilmiútir.
2. 5 bin kiúiden az de÷erlerde örnek büyüklü÷ü güvenilir
(1) Ekim 1994 Çocuk iúgücü Anketi'nde 6-14 yaú grubu esas
alnmú olmakla birlikte, 15-17 yaú grubu istihdam bilgileri
ayn dönem Hanehalk øúgücü Anketi'nde mevcuttur.
available in the Household Labour Force Survey of the same period.
7
Children engaged in economic activity by age group, sex and status in employment
(Bin - Thousand)
øúteki durum- Status in employment
Toplam
Total
Yaú grubu ve
cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Ekim
October
(1)
1994
Ekim
October
1999
Kendi hesabna
veya iúveren
Self employed or employee
Ücretli veya yevmiyeli
Regular or casual employee
EkimKasmAralk
October
November
December
2006
Ekim
October
1994
Ekim
October
1999
EkimKasmAralk
October
November
December
2006
Ekim
Ekim
October October
1994
1999
Ücretsiz aile iúçisi
Unpaid family worker
EkimKasmAralk
October
November
December
2006
Ekim
Ekim
October October
1994
1999
EkimKasmAralk
October
November
December
2006
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam-Total
2 270
1 630
958
648
617
513
52
28
26
1 570
985
419
959
609
320
192
157
109
13
17
7
754
435
204
1 311
1 021
638
456
460
404
39
11
19
816
550
215
1 372
953
632
502
429
350
40
27
20
830
497
262
6-14
567
339
207
142
102
70
13
17
5
412
220
132
15-17
806
614
425
360
328
280
27
9
15
419
277
130
Kadn-Females
897
675
326
145
186
163
12
2
6
740
487
157
6-14
390
269
113
48
54
39
-
-
2
342
215
72
15-17
507
407
213
97
132
124
12
2
4
398
273
85
6-14
15-17
Erkek-Males
KENT - URBAN
Toplam-Total
611
479
457
442
410
355
34
21
16
135
48
86
6-14
186
109
116
128
87
67
12
12
5
46
10
44
15-17
425
368
341
314
321
288
22
9
11
89
38
42
Erkek-Males
478
361
337
346
300
251
27
19
13
105
42
73
6-14
141
81
85
95
62
47
12
12
3
34
7
35
15-17
338
280
252
251
239
204
16
7
10
71
34
38
Kadn-Females
131
116
120
95
107
103
6
2
3
30
7
13
6-14
44
28
31
33
25
20
-
-
2
11
3
9
15-17
87
88
89
63
82
83
6
2
1
18
4
4
18
8
10
1 436
936
333
KIR - RURAL
1 660
1 151
501
6-14
772
500
204
63
70
42
1
6
2
708
424
160
15-17
886
653
297
142
139
116
17
2
8
727
512
173
190
Toplam-Total
206
207
158
Erkek-Males
894
593
295
156
129
98
13
8
7
725
456
6-14
425
259
123
47
40
23
1
6
2
377
213
98
15-17
467
334
173
108
89
75
11
2
5
348
243
92
Kadn-Females
765
560
206
50
79
60
5
0
3
710
481
144
6-14
346
241
82
15
29
19
-
-
-
331
212
63
15-17
419
318
124
35
49
41
5
0
3
379
269
81
Not. 1. 1994 ve 1999 Çocuk øúgücü Anketi sonuçlar 2000 Genel
Nüfus Saym sonuçlarna göre revize edilmiútir.
2. 5 bin kiúiden az de÷erlerde örnek büyüklü÷ü güvenilir
(1) Ekim 1994 Çocuk iúgücü Anketi'nde 6-14 yaú grubu esas
alnmú olmakla birlikte, 15-17 yaú grubu istihdam bilgileri
ayn dönem Hanehalk øúgücü Anketi'nde mevcuttur.
period.
8
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
2. DEöERLENDøRME
2.1 Nüfus Yaps
2006 yl IV. Döneminde gerçekleútirilen çocuk iúgücü anketi sonuçlarna göre, Türkiye’de
kurumsal olmayan sivil nüfus 72 milyon 958 bin kiúi, 6-17 yaú grubundaki nüfus 16 milyon 264 bin
kiúidir. 6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklar, toplam kurumsal olmayan sivil nüfusun % 22.3’ünü
oluúturmakta ve bu yaú grubundaki çocuklarn % 60.9’u kentsel, % 39.1’i ise krsal yerlerde
yaúamaktadr. (Tablo 2.1)
Önceki yllarda uygulanan çocuk iúgücü anketi sonuçlar ile karúlaútrld÷nda, 6-17 yaú
grubunun toplam kurumsal olmayan sivil nüfus içindeki paynn azald÷ görülmektedir. Ekim 1994’de
% 25.1 olan 6-17 yaú grubu nüfusun toplam içindeki pay, Ekim 1999 uygulamasnda % 24.2’ye, 2006
yl uygulamasnda ise % 22.3’e düúmüútür. (Tablo 2.1)
2.1 Cinsiyet ve yerleúim yerine göre kurumsal olmayan sivil nüfus
Oran (%)
6-17 yaú nüfus
Ekim
1994
Ekim
1999
EkimKasmAralk
2006
Türkiye
Toplam
Erkek
Kadn
59 736
29 846
29 890
65 422
32 671
32 751
72 958
36 379
36 579
14 968
7 628
7 340
15 822
8 022
7 800
16 264
8 192
8 072
25.1
25.6
24.6
24.2
24.6
23.8
22.3
22.5
22.1
Kent
Toplam
Erkek
Kadn
32 978
16 573
16 405
38 188
19 152
19 036
45 769
23 062
22 707
7 858
4 021
3 837
9 011
4 586
4 425
9 901
5 099
4 802
23.8
24.3
23.4
23.6
23.9
23.2
21.6
22.1
21.1
Kr
Toplam
Erkek
Kadn
26 758
13 273
13 485
27 235
13 519
13 716
27 190
13 319
13 871
7 110
3 607
3 503
6 811
3 436
3 375
6 363
3 094
3 269
26.6
27.2
26.0
25.0
25.4
24.6
23.4
23.2
23.6
Yerleúim
yeri ve
cinsiyet
Ekim
1994
Ekim
1999
EkimKasmAralk
2006
Ekim
1994
Ekim
1999
EkimKasmAralk
2006
Ayrca, 6-17 yaú grubundaki nüfusun oran kentsel yerlerde artarken, krsal yerlerde
azalmaktadr. Ekim 1994’de 6-17 yaú grubundaki nüfusun % 52.5’i kentsel yerlerde bulunurken, bu
oran Ekim 1999’da % 57’ye, 2006 yl uygulamasnda ise % 60.9’a yükselmiútir. Buna karúlk, Ekim
1994’de 6-17 yaú grubunun % 47.5’i krsal yerlerde iken, ayn oran Ekim 1999’da % 43’e, 2006 ylnda
ise % 39.1’e gerilemiútir. (Tablo 2.1)
9
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
Bu durum, zaman içerisinde krsal nüfusun azalmas ve kent nüfusunun artmas olgusu ile de
paralellik arz etmektedir. Ekim 1994’de % 44.8 olan krsal nüfusun pay, 2006 uygulamasnda
% 37.3’e gerilemiútir, buna karúlk ayn süreçte kent nüfusunun pay, % 55.2’den % 62.7’ye
yükselmiútir. (Tablo 2.1)
6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn, okula devam ve çalúma durumlar aúa÷daki úemada saysal ve
oransal olarak gösterilmiútir. Buna göre 6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn % 84.7’si okula devam
ederken, % 15.3’ü devam etmemektedir. Daha alt detayda bakld÷nda 6-17 yaú grubundaki
çocuklarn;
o
% 1.9’u ekonomik bir iúte çalúrken ayn zamanda okula devam etmektedir.
o
% 36.3’ü okula devam etmekte ve ev iúlerinde çalúmaktadr.
o
% 46.6’s sadece okula devam etmekte, ne ekonomik iúlerde ne de
ev iúlerinde çalúmamaktadr.
o
% 4’ü okula devam etmemekte, ekonomik bir iúte çalúmaktadr.
o
% 6.8’i okula devam etmemekte, ev iúlerinde çalúmaktadr.
o
% 4.5’i okula devam etmemekte ve ne ekonomik bir iúte ne de ev iúlerinde çalúmaktadr.
6-17 yaú grubu
çocuk says
16 264
% 100.0
Okula devam
eden
13 772
Okula devam
etmeyen
2 492
% 84.7
% 15.3
Ekonomik iúlerde
çalúan
302
Ev iúlerinde
çalúan
5 896
Çalúmayan
7 574
Ekonomik iúlerde
çalúan
656
Ev iúlerinde
çalúan
1 106
Çalúmayan
730
% 1.9
% 36.3
% 46.6
% 4.0
% 6.8
% 4.5
ùema 1. 6-17 yaú grubu çocuklarn okula devam ve çalúma durumuna göre da÷lm
2.2 E÷itim Durumu
2006 yl uygulamasna göre 16 milyon 264 bin kiúi olan 6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn
% 84.7’si (13 milyon 772 bin kiúi) okula devam ederken, % 15.3’ü (2 milyon 492 bin) herhangi bir
ö÷renim kurumuna devam etmemektedir. 6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn kentsel yerlerde % 87.2’si,
10
10
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
krsal yerlerde ise % 80.7’si e÷itime devam etmektedir. 2006 yl itibariyle, 6-17 yaú grubundaki erkek
çocuklarda okula devam etme oran % 87.5 iken, kz çocuklarda % 81.8’dir. (Tablo 2.2)
6-17 yaú grubundaki okula devam eden ve etmeyen çocuklarn da÷lm aúa÷da verilmiútir.
Buna göre;
x
x
Okula devam eden 13 milyon 772 bin çocu÷un;
o
% 2.2’si ekonomik iúlerde, % 42.8’i ev iúlerinde çalúmakta,
o
% 55’i çalúmamaktadr.
Okula devam etmeyen 2 milyon 491 bin çocu÷un;
o
% 26.3’ü ekonomik iúlerde, % 44.4’ü ev iúlerinde çalúmakta,
o
% 29.2’si çalúmamaktadr.
2.2 Okula devam etmeyenlerin da÷lm
2.1 Okula devam edenlerin da÷lm
% 2.2
% 29.2
Ekonomik
iúlerde çalúan
Çalúmayan
% 42.8
% 55.0
Ev iúlerinde
çalúan
% 26.3
% 44.4
2006 ylnda okula devam eden çocuklarn % 52’sini erkek, % 48’ini kz çocuklar
oluúturmaktadr. 1994 uygulamasnda okula devam eden çocuklar içinde erkeklerin oran % 54.3,
kzlarn oran % 45.7, 1999 uygulamasnda ise erkeklerin oran % 53.4, kzlarn oran % 46.6’dr.
(Tablo 2.2)
Çocuk iúgücü anketinin uyguland÷ dönemler itibariyle bakld÷nda, 6-17 yaú grubunun e÷itime
devam etme oranlarnda zaman içinde artú oldu÷u görülmektedir. 1994 uygulamas sonuçlarna göre
% 75.4 olan bu oran, 1999’da % 79.2’ye 2006’da ise % 84.7’ye yükselmiútir. E÷itime devam etme
oranlar hem kentsel, hem krsal yerlerde artmakla birlikte, krsal yerlerde e÷itime devam etme
oranlarnda meydana gelen artú çok daha fazladr. 1994’den 2006 ylna kadar geçen süreçte, kentsel
yerlerde e÷itime devam eden 6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn oran 5.8 puan artarken, ayn süreçte
krsal yerlerdeki artú 12.1 puan olmuútur. (Tablo 2.2)
11
11
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
2.2 Cinsiyet ve yerleúim yerine göre okula devam etme oranlar
Çocuk says
Yerleúim
yeri ve
cinsiyet
Okula devam eden
Ekim
1994
Ekim
1999
EkimKasmAralk
2006
Ekim
1994
Oran (%)
Ekim
1999
EkimKasmAralk
2006
Ekim
1994
Ekim
1999
EkimKasmAralk
2006
Türkiye
Toplam
14 968
15 821
16 264
11 279
12 526
13 772
75.4
79.2
84.7
Erkek
7 628
8 021
8 192
6 120
6 686
7 165
80.2
83.4
87.5
Kadn
7 340
7 800
8 071
5 159
5 839
6 607
70.3
74.9
81.9
Kent
Toplam
7 858
9 010
9 902
6 400
7 438
8 636
81.4
82.6
87.2
Erkek
4 021
4 585
5 100
3 392
3 906
4 504
84.4
85.2
88.3
Kadn
3 837
4 425
4 802
3 008
3 531
4 132
78.4
79.8
86.0
7 110
6 812
6 364
4 879
5 087
5 136
68.6
74.7
80.7
Erkek
3 607
3 436
3 095
2 728
2 779
2 661
75.6
80.9
86.0
Kadn
3 503
3 375
3 269
2 152
2 308
2 475
61.4
68.4
75.7
Kr
Toplam
Not. 6 yaúnda olup, henüz okula baúlamamú çocuklar, okula devam etmeyenler kategorisinde yer almútr.
Kz çocuklarn e÷itime devam etme oranlar tüm dönemler için erkek çocuklara kyasla düúük
olmakla birlikte, zaman içinde kz çocuklarn e÷itime devam oranlarnda meydana gelen artú, gerek
kentsel gerekse krsal yerlerde erkek çocuklara göre çok daha yüksektir. 2006 uygulama döneminde
kentsel yerlerde kz ve erkek çocuklarn okula devam oranlar birbirine oldukça yakn olmakla birlikte,
zaman içinde bu konuda kaydedilen geliúmeye ra÷men krsal yerlerde bu dönem itibariyle kz ve erkek
çocuklarn okula devam oranlar arasnda 10.3 puanlk bir fark bulunmaktadr. (Tablo 2.2)
Okula devam eden çocuklarn oran yaú gruplar esas alnarak incelendi÷inde; 2006 ylnda 6-14
yaú grubu için % 92.4 olan bu orann, 15-17 yaú grubunda % 59.2 oldu÷u görülmektedir. (Tablo 2.3)
Kentsel yerlerde 6-14 yaú grubu için okula devam eden çocuklarn oran % 93.9, krsal yerlerde
% 90.3’dür. 6-14 yaú grubunda erkek çocuklar açsndan okula devam etme oranlarnda kent ve kr
arasnda önemli bir fark bulunmamaktadr. Buna karún, kentsel yerlerde 6-14 yaú grubundaki kz
çocuklarn % 93.2’si e÷itime devam ederken, krsal yerlerde kz çocuklar için bu oran % 87.1’e
düúmektedir. (Tablo 2.3)
12
12
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
2.3 Cinsiyet, yerleúim yeri ve yaú grubuna göre okula devam etme oranlar
(%)
Türkiye
Kent
Kr
Ekim
1994
Ekim
1999
EkimKasmAralk
2006
6 - 14
86.6
87.9
92.4
90.7
89.7
93.9
82.0
85.6
90.3
15 - 17
44.8
52.3
59.2
56.0
61.5
66.4
32.5
39.3
46.5
6 - 14
89.7
91.0
94.1
92.6
92.1
94.6
86.7
89.7
93.4
15 - 17
54.3
59.8
65.5
62.7
65.8
69.4
44.4
50.3
57.4
6 - 14
83.3
84.7
90.7
88.8
87.3
93.2
77.2
81.1
87.2
15 - 17
35.0
44.6
52.7
48.5
56.7
62.9
21.3
29.1
37.2
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Ekim
1994
Ekim
1999
EkimKasmAralk
2006
Ekim
1994
Ekim
1999
EkimKasmAralk
2006
Toplam
Erkek
Kadn
Zorunlu ö÷retim ça÷ dúnda kalan 15-17 yaú grubunun okula devam durumu incelendi÷inde ise,
erkek çocuklar açsndan bakld÷nda dahi kent ve kr arasnda önemli farkllklar oldu÷u
gözlenmektedir. Erkek çocuklar için kentsel yerlerde % 69.4 olan okula devam etme oran, krsal
yerlerde % 57.4’dür. 15-17 yaú grubundaki kz çocuklarn okula devam oran ise kentsel yerlerde
% 62.9 iken, krsal yerlerde % 37.2’dir. (Tablo 2.3)
1994’den 2006 ylna kadar geçen süreçte; 6-17 yaú grubu için okula devam oran kentsel
yerlerde erkek çocuklarda 4 puan, kz çocuklarda 7.6 puan artarken, krsal yerlerde erkek çocuklarn
okula devam oran 10.4, kz çocuklarn okula devam etme oran ise 14.3 puan artmútr. (Tablo 2.2)
(%)
100
80
60
Toplam
40
Erkek
20
Kadn
0
Ekim
1994
Ek im
1999
Türk iye
EkimKasmA ralk
2006
Ek im
1994
Ekim
1999
Kent
Ek imKasmA ralk
2006
Ekim
1994
Ek im
1999
2006
Kr
13
13
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
6-14 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn okula devam oranlar tüm uygulama dönemleri itibariyle, gerek
kz gerekse erkek çocuklar için artú göstermiú olmakla birlikte, 1999’dan 2006 ylna kadar geçen
süreçte yaúanan artú daha fazladr. 6-14 yaú grubundaki kz çocuklarn e÷itime katlma orannda 2006
ylnda kentsel ve krsal yerlerde 6 puanlk bir artú meydana gelmiútir. (Tablo 2.3, Grafik 2.3)
(%)
80
70
60
50
Toplam
40
Erkek
30
Kadn
20
10
0
Ekim
1994
Ekim
1999
2006
Ekim
1994
Türkiye
Ekim
1999
2006
Ekim
1994
Kent
Ekim
1999
2006
Kr
15-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn e÷itime devam etme oranlarnda da yllar itibariyle dikkat çekici
artúlar söz konusudur. 2006 ylnda kentsel yerlerde, 15-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn okula devam
oran erkek çocuklar için 3.7, kz çocuklar için 6.2 puan artmútr. Krsal yerlerde meydana gelen artú
erkek çocuklar için 7.1 puan, kz çocuklar için 8.1 puandr. (Tablo 2.3, Grafik 2.4)
2.4 Cinsiyet, yerleúim yeri ve yaú grubuna göre okula devam etmeme nedenlerinin
da÷lm, Ekim-Kasm-Aralk 2006
(%)
Yaúnn
Yerleúim yeri,
uygun
Cinsiyet ve
olmamas
Yaú grubu
Toplam
14
Hasta Okulun
veya
çok
özürlü
uzak
olmas olmas
Ailenin
Okul
okula
masraf- gitmesilarn ne izin
karúla- vermemesi
yamama
Hanehalk
fertlerine
Derslerde
ev
baúarsz
iúlerinde
Okula
olmas/
yardm
okula gitmenin
etmek
Okulun Çalúmak
ilgi yararna
duyma- inanma- emniyetli zorunda zorunda
olmas
olmas
mas olmamas
mas
Di÷er
12.0
5.3
3.1
22.4
14.0
15.4
5.2
0.6
3.2
1.4
17.5
Kent
Kr
13.5
10.4
6.2
4.4
0.9
5.3
19.9
25.0
8.1
20.0
17.2
13.5
6.0
4.4
0.6
0.6
3.9
2.4
1.3
1.6
22.4
12.4
Erkek
Kadn
14.2
10.3
7.0
4.2
1.7
4.2
18.9
25.0
4.1
20.9
22.1
10.7
7.5
3.6
0.5
0.7
4.5
2.3
0.6
2.0
19.2
16.3
6 - 14
15 - 17
30.4
0.7
9.3
2.9
4.6
2.3
20.5
23.6
13.9
14.0
6.7
20.7
2.9
6.7
0.8
0.5
2.3
3.7
0.6
1.9
8.0
23.2
14
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
2006 uygulamas sonuçlarna göre okula devam etmeyen (okulu terk eden veya hiç okula
gitmemiú olan) çocuklarn, devam etmeme nedenleri incelendi÷inde; toplamda “okul masraflarn
karúlayamama” a÷rlkl nedeni oluúturmaktadr (% 22.4). Derslerde baúarsz olma/okula ilgi
duymama nedeniyle okula devam etmeyen çocuklarn oran % 15.4, ailenin izin vermemesi nedeniyle
okula devam edemeyenlerin oran ise % 14’dür. Yaúnn uygun olmamas nedeniyle okula devam
etmedi÷ini belirten çocuklarn oran % 12 olup, bu oran 6 yaúnda olup, henüz okula baúlamayan
çocuklarn bu seçene÷i iúaretlemiú olmas nedeniyle bu kadar yüksek görünmektedir. (Tablo 2.4)
Okula devam etmeme nedenleri kent/kr ayrmnda ele alnd÷nda, Türkiye genelinde oldu÷u gibi
en a÷rlkl nedeni “okul masraflarn karúlayamama” oluúturmaktadr (kentte % 19.9, krda % 25).
Buna karúlk krsal yerlerde ailenin izin vermemesi nedeniyle okula devam edemeyen çocuklarn oran
% 20 iken, kentsel yerlerde bu nedenin toplam içindeki pay % 8.1’dir. Kentsel yerlerde okula devam
etmeme nedenleri arasnda üçüncü srada “derslerde baúarsz olma/okula ilgi duymama” yer
almaktadr. (Tablo 2.4)
Kz ve erkek çocuklar açsndan okula devam etmeme nedenleri arasnda önemli farkllklar göze
çarpmaktadr. (Tablo 2.4, Grafik 2.4)
o
Ailesi izin vermedi÷i için okula devam edemeyen erkek çocuklarn oran % 4.1 iken,
kz çocuklar için bu oran % 20.9 olarak hesaplanmútr.
o
Okul masraflarn karúlayamama durumu yine kz çocuklar için daha a÷rlkl bir nedendir
(kz çocuklarda % 25, erkeklerde % 18.9).
o
Erkek çocuklarn okula devam etmeme nedeni a÷rlkl olarak derslerde baúarsz olma/okul ilgi
duymama (% 22.1) olarak görünmektedir.
o
Okulun uzak olmas nedeniyle okula devam etmeyen kz çocuklarn oran % 4.2 iken, erkek
çocuklarda bu oran % 1.7’dir.
o
Çalúmak zorunda oldu÷u için okula devam etmeyen erkek çocuklarn oran % 4.5 iken, kz
çocuklar için bu oran % 2.3’dür.
15
15
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
2.5 6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn okula devam etmeme nedenleri
(%)
30
25
20
Toplam
15
Erkek
10
Kadn
5
0
Yaúnn
uygun
olmamas
Hasta
veya
özürlü
olmas
Okulun
çok uzak
olmas
Okul
masraflarn
karúlayamama
Ailenin
okula
gitmesine izin
vermemesi
Derslerde
baúarsz
olmas/
okula
ilgi
duymamas
Okula
gitmenin
yararna
inanmamas
Okulun
emniyetli
olmamas
Çalúmak
zorunda
olmas
Hanehalk
fertlerine
ev iúlerinde
yardm
etmek
zorunda
olmas
Di÷er
Okula devam etmeme nedenleri yaú gruplar itibariyle incelendi÷inde; 6-14 yaú grubundaki
çocuklardan % 30.4’ünün yaúnn uygun olmamas nedeniyle okula devam etmedi÷i görülmektedir. Bu
oran daha önce belirtildi÷i gibi 6 yaúnda olup, henüz ilkokula baúlamamú olan çocuklar nedeniyle
yüksektir. 6-14 yaú grubunda yer alan çocuklarn % 20.8’i okul masraflarn karúlayamama nedeniyle
okula devam etmemektedir. Yaún uygun olmamas seçene÷i hariç düúünüldü÷ünde, bu seçene÷in pay
% 29.8’e yükselmektedir. Bu yaú grubundaki çocuklarn % 13.9’u ailesi izin vermedi÷i, % 4.6’s ise çok
uzak oldu÷u için okula devam etmemektedir. (Tablo 2.4)
15-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklar için okula devam edememe nedenleri arasnda ilk sray % 23.6
ile yine okul masraflarn karúlayamama seçene÷i almaktadr. økinci srada yer alan “di÷er” seçene÷inin
% 22.6 gibi yüksek bir pay almasnn temel sebebi ilkö÷retimi bitirip, liseye devam etmeyen çocuklarn
ve ailelerin, bu durumu “okula devam etmeme” olarak kabul etmemeleridir. (Tablo 2.4)
2.3 østihdam Durumu
2006 yl çocuk iúgücü anketi sonuçlarna göre, 6-17 yaú grubunda bulunan 16 milyon 264 bin
çocuktan % 5.9’u ekonomik bir iúte çalúmakta, bir baúka ifadeyle istihdam edilmektedir (958 bin kiúi).
Türkiye genelinde 6-17 yaú grubunda istihdam edilen çocuklarn % 47.7’si kentsel (457 bin kiúi),
% 52.4’ü krsal yerlerde (502 bin kiúi) yaúamaktadr. østihdam edilen çocuklarn % 66’sn erkek,
% 34’ünü kz çocuklar oluúturmaktadr. (Tablo 1.1)
16
16
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
Çocuk iúgücü anketi sonuçlar uygulama dönemleri itibariyle karúlaútrld÷nda, Ekim 1994’te
6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn % 15.2’si (2 milyon 270 bin kiúi), Ekim 1999’te % 10.3’ü (1 milyon
630 bin kiúi) ekonomik bir iúte çalúmakta iken, 2006 yl IV. Döneminde gerçekleútirilen çocuk iúgücü
anketi sonuçlarna göre bu oran % 5.9’a (958 bin kiúi) gerilemiútir. Özellikle 6-14 yaú grubunda çalúan
çocuklarn orannda zaman içinde önemli bir azalú gerçekleúirken, bu yaú grubundaki çocuklarn
e÷itime devam etme oranlarnn yükselmiú olmasnda, zorunlu temel e÷itim süresinin sekiz yla
çkartlmú olmasnn yansra, çocuklar ilkö÷retim sistemine dahil etmek amacyla çeúitli kurum ve
kuruluúlarca sürdürülmekte olan proje ve kampanyalarn da önemli katklar oldu÷u muhakkaktr. 1994
uygulamasnda 6-14 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn % 8,8’i ekonomik bir faaliyette çalúrken, bu oran
1999’da % 5.1’e, 2006’da ise % 2.6’ya gerilemiútir. 15-17 yaú grubunda olup istihdam edilen
çocuklarn orannda da 1999’dan 2006’ya kadar geçen dönemde yaklaúk 9.5 puan azalma olmuú, 1999
uygulamasnda % 26.3 olan bu oran, 2006 ylnda % 16.9 olarak gerçekleúmiútir. (Tablo 1.1, Grafik 4)
2.6 Yaú gruplar ve cinsiyete göre istihdam oran
(%)
45
40
35
Ekim 1994
30
25
Ekim 1999
20
Ekim-Kasm-Aralk 2006
15
10
5
0
6-14
15-17
Toplam
6-14
15-17
6-14
Erkek
15-17
Kadn
Kent ve kr ayrmnda çocuk iúgücü anketi sonuçlar karúlaútrld÷nda, 6-17 yaú grubundaki
çocuklarn Ekim 1994’de % 26.9’unun, Ekim 1999’da % 29.3’ünün, 2006 yl uygulamasnda ise
% 47.7’sinin kentsel yerlerde bulundu÷u görülmektedir. Ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklarn kent ve
kr ayrmnda da÷lm cinsiyete göre incelendi÷inde ise, erkek çocuklarn Ekim 1994’de % 34.8’i, Ekim
1999’da % 37.9’u, 2006 uygulamasnda ise % 53.3’ü kentsel yerlerde bulunmaktadr. Ekonomik
iúlerde çalúan kz çocuklarn Ekim 1994’de % 14.6’s, Ekim 1999’da % 17.2’si 2006 yl uygulamasnda
ise % 36.8’i kentsel yerlerdedir. (Tablo 1.1)
Bu açdan bakld÷nda, 2006 yl uygulamas sonuçlarna göre çocuk istihdamnn geçmiú yllara
kyasla önemli ölçüde azalmakla birlikte, kentsel yerler ve tarm dú sektör a÷rlkl bir yap kazand÷
söylenebilir.
17
17
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
2.7 Kent-kr ve cinsiyet ayrmnda ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklar
(%)
90
80
70
60
Toplam
50
Erkek
40
Kadn
30
20
10
0
Ekim 1994
Ekim 1999
Ekim-KasmAralk 2006
Ekim 1994
Kent
Ekim 1999
Kr
Çalúan çocuklarn da÷lm cinsiyet ayrmnda ele alnd÷nda; 1994 ylnda 6-17 yaú grubundaki
çocuklarn % 60.4’ünü erkek, % 39.6’sn kz çocuklarn oluúturdu÷u, 1999 ylnda bu oranlar
neredeyse ayn kalrken, 2006 uygulamas sonuçlarna göre ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklarn
% 66’sn erkek % 34’ünü kz çocuklarn oluúturdu÷u görülmektedir. Kentsel ve krsal yerler ayrmnda
bakld÷nda, sözü edilen dönemde bu yaú grubundaki istihdamn cinsiyete göre da÷lmnda, krsal
yerlerde kz çocuklar lehine bir de÷iúim yaúanrken, kentsel yerlerdeki de÷iúimin ters yönde oldu÷u
dikkati çekmektedir. 1994 ylnda krsal yerlerde bu yaú grubundaki toplam istihdamn % 46.1’ini kz
çocuklar oluútururken, 2006 ylnda krsal yerlerdeki istihdam içinde kz çocuklarn pay % 41.1’e
düúmüútür. Bunun tersine kentsel yerlerde ayn süreçte toplam istihdam içinde kz çocuklarn oran
% 21.5’den % 26.3’e yükselmiútir. (Tablo 1.1)
2006 yl çocuk iúgücü anketi sonuçlarna göre, ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklarn % 41’i tarm
(393 bin kiúi), % 59’u ise tarm dú sektörde (565 bin kiúi) faaliyet göstermektedir. Çalúan çocuklarn
% 28.4’ü sanayi, % 21.4’ü ticaret, % 9.2’si ise hizmet sektöründe istihdam edilmektedir. (Tablo 1.5).
Ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklarn sektörler itibariyle da÷lm, çocuk iúgücü anketinin üç
uygulama dönemi esas alnarak karúlaútrld÷nda, tarm sektöründe istihdam edilen çocuklarn
orannn 1994 uygulamasnda % 66.5, 1999’da % 60.7, 2006 uygulamasnda ise % 41 oldu÷u
görülmektedir. (Tablo 1.5)
18
18
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
2.8 Tarm-tarm dú sektör ayrmnda ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklar
(%)
90
80
70
60
Toplam
50
6-14
40
15-17
30
20
10
0
Ekim 1994
Ekim 1999
Ekim 1994
Tarm
Ekim 1999
Tarm dú
Ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklarn ana sektörler itibariyle da÷lm incelendi÷inde; tarm
sektörünün yansra hizmetler sektöründe de, Ekim 1999 uygulamas sonuçlarna göre, az da olsa bir
azalú meydana geldi÷i görülmektedir. Ekim 1994’de % 8.6, 1999’da % 9.8 olan hizmetler sektörünün
pay 2006 uygulamasnda % 9.2 olarak gerçekleúmiútir. Bununla birlikte uygulama dönemleri itibariyle
bakld÷nda, sanayi ve ticaret sektörü istihdamnda zaman içinde bir artú söz konusudur. 1999’dan
2006 ylna kadar geçen süreçte sanayi sektörü istihdamnn pay 8.6 puan yükselmiútir. Bu süreçte
ticaret sektörü istihdamnn pay 11.6 puan artmú ve 1999’da % 9.8 olan bu oran 2006 ylnda
% 21.4’e yükselmiútir. Saysal olarak bakld÷nda da, 6-17 yaú grubu çocuklar için istihdam artan tek
sektör “ticaret” olmuú; 1999 ylnda ticaret sektöründe çalúan çocuk says 159 bin iken, 2006 ylnda
bu say 205 bine yükselmiútir. Ticaret sektöründe meydana gelen bu artú, gerek kentsel (37 bin)
gerekse krsal yerlerde (14 bin) erkek çocuklarn istihdamnn artúndan kaynaklanmútr. (Tablo 1.5)
2.9 Sektörlere göre ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklar
(%)
90
80
70
60
Ekim 1994
50
Ekim 1999
40
30
20
10
0
Toplam Erkek
Tarm
Kadn
Toplam Erk ek
Kadn
Toplam Erkek
Sanayi
Ticaret
Kadn
Toplam Erkek
Kadn
Hizmet
19
19
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
øúteki durum
2006 yl çocuk iúgücü anketi sonuçlarna göre, ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklarn % 53.5’i
ücretli veya yevmiyeli, % 2.7’si kendi hesabna veya iúveren, % 43.7’si ücretsiz aile iúçisi olarak
çalúmaktadr. (Tablo 1.6)
Çocuk iúgücü anketinin uyguland÷ önceki dönemler ile karúlaútrld÷nda, yukarda sözü edilen
tarm sektörü paynn azalp, tarm dú sektörün a÷rl÷nn artmasna parelel olarak, Türkiye genelinde
ücretsiz aile iúçisi olarak istihdam edilen çocuklarn orannn azald÷ ve ücretli, maaúl veya yevmiyeli
olarak çalúan çocuklarn orannn artt÷ görülmektedir. Ekim 1994’de % 69.2, Ekim 1999’da % 60.4 ile
ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklarn büyük ço÷unlu÷u ücretsiz aile iúçisi olarak çalúrken, 2006 yl
sonuçlarna göre ücretsiz aile iúçisi olarak çalúanlarn oran % 43.7 olarak gerçekleúmiútir. Buna
karúlk Ekim 1994‘de % 28.5, Ekim 1999’da % 37.9 olan ücretli, maaúl ve yevmiyeli çalúanlarn oran
2006 ylnda % 53.5’e yükselmiútir. (Tablo 1.6)
Zaman içinde krsal yerlerde, istihdam edilenlerin iúteki duruma göre da÷lmnda meydana gelen
de÷iúim Türkiye geneliyle tamamen paralel olup, gerek kz gerekse erkek çocuklar açsndan ücretsiz
aile iúçilerinin toplam içindeki pay azalmú, ücretli, maaúl ve yevmiyeli çalúanlarn pay ise artmútr.
Buna karúlk kentsel yerlerde ücretsiz aile iúçisi olarak çalúan çocuklarn oran artarken, ücretli
çalúanlarn oran azalmútr. Kentsel yerlerde özellikle 6-14 yaú grubundaki çocuklarda ücretsiz aile
iúçisi olarak çalúanlarn orannda bir artú söz konusudur. Ekim 1999 uygulamasnda kentsel yerlerde,
6-14 yaú grubunda istihdam edilen erkek çocuklarn % 8.6’s, kz çocuklarn % 10,7’si ücretsiz aile
iúçisi olarak çalúrken, 2006 ylnda bu oran erkek çocuklar için % 41.2’ye, kz çocuklar için % 29’a
yükselmiútir. (Tablo 1.6)
2.10 øúteki duruma göre ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklar
(%)
90
80
70
60
Toplam
50
6-14
40
15-17
30
20
10
0
Ekim 1994
Ekim 1999
Ekim 1994
Ekim 1999
Not. Kendi hesabna veya iúveren olarak çalúanlarn oran çok düúük oldu÷u için grafik’te gösterilmemiútir.
20
20
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
2.4 Gelir Durumu
2006 yl çocuk iúgücü anketi sonuçlarna göre, ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklarn % 56.2’si
(538 bin kiúi) ücretli, yevmiyeli, kendi hesabna veya iúveren olarak gelir elde etmektedir. Gelir elde
eden çocuklarn % 46.3’ü sanayi, % 23.4’ü ticaret, % 15.2’si tarm ve %15.1’i hizmet sektöründe
çalúmaktadr. (Tablo 3.10)
2.11 Elde edilen net gelir grubuna göre ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklar (YTL)
%10.4
%25.8
%18.4
%19.3
0-100
Ekonomik iúlerde çalúp gelir getiren çocuklarn
101-200
% 25.8’i 100 YTL’den az, % 26.2’si 101-200 YTL
201-300
aras, % 19.3’ü 201-300 YTL aras, %18.4’ü
301-400
301-400 YTL aras ve %10.4’ü ise 401 YTL ve
401+
üzeri net gelir elde etmektedirler.
%26.2
Çalúan ve gelir getiren çocuklarn;
o
% 68.8’i erkektir.
o
% 68.9’u kentsel yerlerde bulunmaktadr.
o
% 80’i asgari ücret düzeyinin altnda gelir elde etmektedir.
o
Elde etmiú olduklar ortalama aylk gelir net 234 YTL’dir.
o
Erkek çocuklarn ortalama aylk net geliri (230 YTL) kz çocuklardan (244 YTL) daha
düúüktür.
o
6-14 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn aylk net geliri 162 YTL.’dir.
o
15-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn aylk net geliri ise 254 YTL’dir.
o
Kentsel yerlerde çalúan çocuklarn elde etti÷i aylk net geliri 241 YTL iken krsal yerlerde
219 YTL’dir.
o
Sanayi sektöründe çalúan çocuklarn elde etti÷i net gelir (268 YTL) di÷er sektörlerden
daha yüksektir.
Sektörler itibariyle ekonomik iúlerde çalúp gelir getiren çocuklar incelendi÷inde; tarm ve hizmet
sektörlerinde çalúan çocuklarn, sanayi ve ticaret sektöründe çalúan çocuklara göre daha düúük gelir
gruplarnda yo÷unlaút÷ görülmektedir. Tarm sektöründe çalúan çocuklarn %36.6’s, hizmet
sektöründe çalúan çocuklarn % 38.3’ü 100 YTL ve altnda net gelir elde etmektedir. Ticaret
21
21
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
sektöründe çalúan çocuklar da a÷rlkl olarak (% 28.6) 0-100 YTL aras net gelir grubunda yer
almaktadr. Buna karúlk, sanayi sektöründe çalúan çocuklarn % 39.8’i 300 YTL üzeri net gelir elde
etmektedir. (Tablo 3.10)
2.12 Sektörlere ve net gelir gruplarna göre gelir getiren çocuklar
(%)
50
45
40
35
0-100
30
101-200
25
201-300
20
301-400
15
401+
10
5
0
Tarm
Sanayi
Ticaret
Hizmet
2.5 Çalúma Nedeni
2006 yl çocuk iúgücü anketi sonuçlarna göre, ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklarn çalúma
nedenleri incelendi÷inde, 6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn çalúma nedenlerinin baúnda % 51.1 ile
“hanehalk gelirine katkda bulunmak”, ikinci sray % 17.4 ile “iú ö÷renmek, meslek sahibi olmak”,
üçüncü sray ise % 12.9 ile “hanehalknn ekonomik faaliyetine yardmc olmak” almaktadr. Ailenin
iste÷i nedeniyle çalút÷n belirten çocuklarn oran % 10.8, kendi ihtiyaçlarn karúlamak amacyla
çalúan çocuklarn oran ise % 4.7’dir. (Tablo 2.5)
Gerek kentsel (% 52.1) gerekse krsal yerlerde (% 50.3) “hanehalk gelirine katkda bulunmak”
çalúma nedenleri arasnda yine ilk srada yer almaktadr. Ancak, kentsel yerlerde çalúma nedenleri
arasnda ikinci srada % 24.3 ile “iú ö÷renmek, meslek sahibi olmak” yer alrken, krsal yerlerde ise
%17 ile “hanehalknn ekonomik faaliyetine yardmc olmak” gelmektedir. Krsal yerlerde ailenin iste÷i
% 16.8 ile üçüncü srada yer almaktadr. (Tablo 2.5)
Çalúma nedenleri yaú gruplarna göre incelendi÷inde de, “hanehalk gelirine katkda bulunma”
gerek 6-14, gerekse 15-17 yaú grubu için ilk srada yer almaktadr. Ancak, “ailenin iste÷i ile” ve
“hanehalknn ekonomik faaliyetine yardmc olmak” nedeniyle çalúan çocuklarn orannn, 6-14 yaú
grubu için daha yüksek oldu÷u dikkati çekmektedir. Buna karúlk “iú ö÷renmek, meslek sahibi olmak”
ve “kendi ihtiyaçlarn karúlamak” amacyla çalúan çocuklarn oran 15-17 yaú grubu için daha
yüksektir. (Tablo 2.5)
22
22
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
2.5 Çalúma nedenine göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
(%)
Çalúma nedeni
Hanehalk
gelirine
katkda
bulunmak
Hanehalknn
ekonomik
faaliyetine
yardmc
olmak
øú
ö÷renmek,
meslek
sahibi
olmak
Ailenin
iste÷i
Kendi
ihtiyaçlarn
karúlamak
Di÷er
Türkiye
51.1
12.9
17.4
10.8
4.7
3.0
6 - 14
46.3
18.8
12.8
16.6
1.9
3.8
15 - 17
53.4
10.0
19.7
7.8
6.1
2.8
Yerleúim yeri
ve yaú grubu
Kent
52.1
8.5
24.3
4.2
7.4
3.5
6 - 14
50.9
14.7
19.0
8.6
4.3
2.6
15 - 17
52.5
6.7
26.1
2.6
8.2
3.8
50.3
17.0
11.2
16.8
2.2
2.8
6 - 14
43.6
21.1
9.3
21.1
0.5
4.4
15 - 17
54.9
14.1
12.5
13.5
3.4
1.7
Kr
6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn çalúma nedenleri okula devam eden ve etmeyen çocuklar
ayrmnda incelendi÷inde, oranlarda önemli farkllklar oldu÷u görülmektedir. Okula devam eden
çocuklarn % 31.1’i hanehalk gelirine katkda bulunmak amacyla çalúrken, okula devam etmeyen
çocuklar açsndan bu oran % 60.2’dir. Okula devam eden çocuklarn % 20.9’u, devam etmeyen
çocuklarn ise % 9.5’i hanehalknn ekonomik faaliyetine ayrdmc olmak amacyla çalúmaktadr. øú
ö÷renmek, meslek sahibi olmak amacyla çalúan çocuklarn oran, okula devam eden çocuklarda
% 24.2, devam etmeyenlerde ise % 14.5’dir. (Tablo 2.5, Grafik 2.13)
2.13 Çalúma nedenine göre okula devam eden ve etmeyen çocuklar
(%)
70
60
50
Okula
devam
eden
40
30
Okula
devam
etmeyen
20
10
0
Hanehalk
gelirine
katkda
bulunmak
Hanehalknn
ekonomik
faaliyetine
yardmc
olmak
øú ö÷renmek,
meslek sahibi
olmak
Ailenin
iste÷i
Kendi
ihtiyaçlarn
karúlamak
Di÷er
23
23
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
2.6 Fiili Çalúma Süresi
2006 yl Ekim, Kasm ve Aralk aylarnda uygulanan çocuk iúgücü anketi sonuçlarna göre, 6-17
yaú grubundaki ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklarn % 7.5’i haftada yedi saatten daha az çalúmútr.
Bununla birlikte çalúan çocuklarn % 56.5’i referans haftasnda 40 saat ve daha fazla süreyle
çalúmútr. Ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklarn % 2.1’i referans haftasnda çeúitli nedenlerle (hastalk,
izin vb.) iú baúnda de÷ildir, bu çocuklar için fiili çalúma süresi “0”dr. (Tablo 2.6)
Ekonomik iúlerde çalúan 6-17 yaú grubu erkek çocuklarn % 57.9’u, kz çocuklarnn ise % 54’ü
haftada 40 saatten fazla süre çalúmútr. Kentsel yerlerde 40 saat ve daha fazla süreyle çalúan
çocuklarn oran krsal yerlere kyasla daha yüksektir. Kentsel yerlerde çocuklarn % 70.7’si, krsal
yerlerde ise % 43.7’si 40 saat ve üzerinde çalúmaktadr. Kentsel yerlerde 40 saat ve üzerinde çalúan
erkek çocuklarn oran da % 69.4, kz çocuklarn oran ise % 74.2’dir. (Tablo 2.6)
(%)
Türkiye
Fiili çalúma süresi
(saat)
Kent
Kr
Toplam
Erkek
Kadn
Toplam
Erkek
Kadn
Toplam
Erkek
Kadn
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1-7
7.5
6.6
9.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
10.6
9.5
12.1
8 - 15
11.1
10.8
11.7
6.3
7.1
4.2
15.4
14.9
16.0
16 - 30
17.5
16.8
18.7
13.3
13.6
13.3
21.2
20.7
22.3
31 - 39
5.3
5.7
4.6
3.9
4.2
2.5
6.6
7.1
5.8
40 - 45
6.9
5.9
8.9
6.8
5.3
10.8
7.0
6.4
7.8
46 - 54
13.6
14.4
12.0
19.5
18.4
22.5
8.2
9.8
5.8
55 +
36.0
37.7
33.1
44.4
45.7
40.8
28.5
28.5
28.6
2.1
2.2
2.1
1.5
1.5
1.7
2.8
3.1
2.4
56.5
57.9
54.0
70.7
69.4
74.2
43.7
44.7
42.2
Toplam
øúbaúnda olmayanlar
40+
Ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklarn haftalk çalúma süresine göre da÷lm okula devam eden ve
etmeyen çocuklar ayrmnda incelendi÷inde; okula devam eden çocuklarn % 19.2’si, okula devam
etmeyen çocuklarn ise % 2.3’ü haftada 7 saat ve daha az çalúmaktadr. Haftada 55 saat ve daha
fazla çalúan çocuklarn oran okula devam eden çocuklar için % 2 iken, okula devam etmeyen
çocuklarn % 50.3’ü haftada 55 saatin üzerinde çalúmaktadr. 40 saat eúi÷i dikkate alnarak
bakld÷nda; okula devam eden çocuklarn sadece % 10’unun haftada 40 saat ve daha fazla çalút÷,
ancak okula devam etmeyen çocuklarn % 77’sinin referans haftasnda 40 saat ve üzerinde çalúmú
oldu÷u görülmektedir. Okula devam eden çocuklarn % 80.8’i haftada 30 saatin altnda çalúmútr.
(Grafik 2.14)
24
24
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
(%)
60
50
Okula
devam
eden
40
30
Okula
devam
etmeyen
20
10
0
øúbaúnda
olmayanlar
1-7
8-15
16-30
31-39
40-45
46-54
55+
Türkiye genelinde ekonomik iúlerde çalúan çocuklarn haftalk ortalama fiili çalúma süreleri
incelendi÷inde;
o
6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn fiili çalúma süresi 40.7 saattir.
o
Ortalama fiili çalúma süresi, 6-14 yaú grubundaki çocuklar için 25.4 saat iken, 15-17 yaú
grubundaki çocuklar için 48.5 saattir.
o
Erkek çocuklar haftada ortalama 41.7 saat çalúrken, kz çocuklar 39 saat çalúmútr.
o
Okula devam etmeyen çocuklarn haftalk fiili çalúma süresi 51.1 saat iken, okula devam
eden çocuklarda bu süre 18.3 saattir.
2.7 Ev øúlerinde Çalúanlar
Çocuk iúgücü araútrmalarnda, çocuklarn ekonomik iúlerde çalúma durumunun yan
sra, ev iúlerinde çalúp çalúmadklarna iliúkin sorular da yer almaktadr. Ancak, 1994 ve
1999 yllarnda çocuklarn ev iúlerinde çalúp, çalúmadklar tek bir soru ile alnmúken,
2006 yl araútrmasnda ev iúleri tek tek çocuklara hatrlatlarak sorgulanmútr.
Çocuklara, ev iúlerinin ayr ayr hatrlatlarak sorulmas, hatrlamadan kaynaklanan
hatalar en aza indirerek, 2006 yl uygulamasnda bu sorulara daha sa÷lkl ve daha fazla
“evet” úeklinde cevap alnmasn sa÷lanmútr. Yllar itibariyle ev iúlerinde çalúan çocuk
says karúlaútrlrken, bu husus dikkate alnmaldr. 1999 ve 2006 yl uygulamalarnda
sorularn soruluú úekli aúa÷da verilmiútir.
25
25
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
1999
2006
Soru A41-Referans haftas içinde ;
Soru 97.a) Son hafta içinde kendi evinizin iúlerinde çalútnz m?
(Çamaúr ykama, kardeúlerine bakma, yemek piúirme,
bulaúk ykama, evin içini ve dún temizleme vb.
úeklinde)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Haneniz için alú veriú yaptnz m?
Kendi eviniz için yemek piúirdiniz mi?
Evinizin veya ev eúyalarnn temizli÷i ile u÷raútnz m?
Çamaúr veya bulaúk ykadnz m?
Kardeúinizin veya di÷er aile fertlerinin bakm ile ilgilendiniz mi?
Bunlarn dúnda bir ev iúi yaptnz m?
(Açklaynz)........................
2006 yl sorularna göre 6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn % 43.1’i sadece ev iúlerinde
çalúmaktadr. Ev iúlerinde ailesine yardmc oldu÷unu ifade eden 7 milyon 4 bin çocu÷un, % 61.2’sini
kz çocuklar oluúturmaktadr (4 milyon 289 bin kiúi). 6-17 yaú grubunda ev iúlerinde çalúan erkek
çocuklardan % 73’ünü 6-14 yaú grubunda bulunan çocuklar oluútururken, kz çocuklar için bu oran
% 67.7’dir.
Ev iúlerinde ailesine yardmc oldu÷unu ifade eden 7 milyon 4 bin çocu÷un, % 64.6’s kentsel
yerlerde (4 milyon 524 bin kiúi), % 35.4’ü krsal yerlerde (2 milyon 480 bin kiúi) bulunmaktadr. Krsal
yerlerde ev iúlerinde ailesine yardmc oldu÷unu ifade eden çocuklarn % 66.6’sn kz çocuklar
oluúturmaktadr. Okula devam eden çocuklarn % 42.8’i ev iúlerine yardmc olurken, okula devam
etmeyen çocuklar için bu oran % 44.4’dür. (Tablo 2.7)
2.7 Ev iúlerinde çalúan çocuklar
Toplam çocuk says
Yerleúim yeri
ve cinsiyet
Türkiye
Toplam
Ev iúlerinde çalúan
Ekim
1999
Ekim-Kasm-Aralk
2006
Ekim
1999
Ekim-Kasm-Aralk
2006
Say
Say
Say
(%)
Say
(%)
15 821
16 264
4 470
28.3
7 004
43.1
Erkek
8 021
8 192
1 208
15.1
2 714
33.1
Kadn
7 800
8 072
3 261
41.8
4 289
53.1
Kent
Toplam
9 010
9 901
2 846
31.6
4 524
45.7
Erkek
4 585
5 099
869
19.0
1 886
37.0
Kadn
4 425
4 802
1 976
44.7
2 636
54.9
Kr
Toplam
6 812
6 363
1 624
23.8
2 480
39.0
Erkek
3 436
3 093
338
9.8
828
26.8
Kadn
3 375
3 270
1 286
38.1
1 652
50.5
Not. Ekim 1994 uygulamasnda ev iúleriyle ilgili sorular sadece 6-14 yaú grubuna soruldu÷u için, Ekim 1994 yl verilerine
tabloda yer verilmemiútir.
26
26
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
2006 yl sonuçlar Ekim 1999 sonuçlar ile karúlaútrld÷nda; 1999’da 6-17 yaú grubundaki
çocuklarn % 28.3’ü ev iúlerinde çalúrken, 2006 ylnda bu orann % 43.1’e yükselmiú oldu÷u
görülmektedir. Ancak, yukarda da bahsedildi÷i gibi sorularn dönemler arasnda farkl úekilde sorulmuú
olmas karúlaútrlabilirli÷i önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. (Tablo 2.7)
2006 ylnda, çocuklarn yapmú olduklar ev iúlerinin türlerine göre da÷lm incelendi÷inde,
toplamda % 27.7 ile ilk sray alúveriú yapmak almakta, bunu srasyla ev ve ev eúyalarnn temizli÷i
(% 24.8) ile çamaúr veya bulaúk ykamak (% 19) takip etmektedir. Cinsiyete göre yaplan iúler önemli
ölçüde farkllk göstermektedir. Erkek çocuklarn yapt÷ iúler arasnda ilk srada % 60,6 ile alúveriú
yapmak yer almaktadr. Kz çocuklarn yapt÷ iúler arasnda % 27.6 ile ev ve ev eúyalarnn temizli÷i ilk
srada, % 23.7 ile de çamaúr veya bulaúk ykamak ikinci srada yer almaktadr. (Tablo 2.8)
Okula devam eden çocuklarn yapt÷ iúler arasnda ilk srada % 32.1 ile alúveriú yapmak yer
almaktadr. Ayn úekilde 6-14 yaú grubundaki çocuklarn da a÷rlkl olarak yapmú olduklar ev iúi türü
% 31.4 ile yine alúveriú yapmaktr. (Tablo 2.8)
2.8 Yaptklar ev iúlerinin türlerine göre 6-17 yaú grubundaki çocuklar
(%)
Yaplan ev iúinin türü
Kardeúler
veya
di÷er aile
fertlerinin
bakm
Di÷er
ev iúleri
Toplam
Alúveriú
yapmak
Yemek
piúirmek
Ev veya ev
eúyalarnn
temizli÷i
Çamaúr
veya
bulaúk
ykamak
Toplam
100.0
27.7
13.0
24.8
19.0
14.7
0.9
Erkek
100.0
60.6
5.0
15.9
4.5
12.3
1.8
Kadn
100.0
17.1
15.5
27.6
23.7
15.5
0.6
Okula devam eden
100.0
32.1
11.0
24.7
17.6
13.7
0.9
Okula devam etmeyen
100.0
11.7
20.1
25.1
24.0
18.5
0.6
6 -14
100.0
31.4
10.1
25.2
17.5
14.8
1.0
15 -17
100.0
21.1
18.0
24.0
21.6
14.5
0.7
Cinsiyet, yaú grubu ve
okula devam durumu
Okula devam durumu
Yaú grubu
Not. Yaplan ev iúi türüne iliúkin saysal de÷erler, ilgili ev iúi türünün yaplma skl÷n ifade etmektedir.
27
27
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
2. EVALUATION
2.1 Population Structure
According to the results of child labour survey conducted in the 4th quarter of 2006,
non-institutional civilian population in Turkey is 72 million 958 thousand persons and population in the
age group 6-17 is 16 million, 264 thousand. Children in the age group 6-17 make up 22.3% of total
non-institutional civilian population. While 60.9% of children in this age group live in urban areas,
39.1% are in rural areas. (Table 2.1)
Compared to child labour surveys conducted earlier, the decline is observed in the share of the
age group 6-17 in total non-institutional civilian population. While this share was 25.1% in October
1994, it dropped to 24.2% in October 1999 and to 22.3% in 2006. (Table2.1)
2.1 Non-institutional civilian population by sex and settlements
Non-institutional civilian
population
Settlements
and sex
October
November
2006
1994
1999
Population of 6-17 age group
Rate (%)
October
November
1994
1999
2006
October
November
1994
1999
2006
Turkey
Total
Males
Females
59 736
29 846
29 890
65 422
32 671
32 751
72 958
36 379
36 579
14 968
7 628
7 340
15 822
8 022
7 800
16 264
8 192
8 072
25.1
25.6
24.6
24.2
24.6
23.8
22.3
22.5
22.1
Urban
Total
Males
Females
32 978
16 573
16 405
38 188
19 152
19 036
45 769
23 062
22 707
7 858
4 021
3 837
9 011
4 586
4 425
9 901
5 099
4 802
23.8
24.3
23.4
23.6
23.9
23.2
21.6
22.1
21.1
Rural
Total
Males
Females
26 758
13 273
13 485
27 235
13 519
13 716
27 190
13 319
13 871
7 110
3 607
3 503
6 811
3 436
3 375
6 363
3 094
3 269
26.6
27.2
26.0
25.0
25.4
24.6
23.4
23.2
23.6
The total population share of the age group 6-17 is increasing in urban areas while it is in
decline in rural areas. In October 1994 52.5% of population in the age group 6-17 lived in urban
areas. This percentage then increased to 57% in 1999 and to 60.9% in 2006. On the other hand,
while 47.5% of population in the age group 6-17 lived in rural areas in October 1994, this percentage
dropped to 43% in October 1999 and then to 39.1% in 2006. (Table 2.1)
28
28
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
The situation described above is parallel to overall decline in rural population and increase in
urban population in the long term. In fact, the share of rural population which was 44.8% in October
1994 decreased to 37.3% in 2006, while the share of urban population increased from 55.2% to
62.7% in the same period. (Table 2.1)
The chart below shows the school attendance and working status of children in the age group
6-17 in both absolute numbers and percentages. As shown in the chart, while 84.7% of children in the
age group 6-17 attend school, the remaining 15.3% do not. Looking at further details it is observed
that:
o
1.9% of children in the age group 6-17 engaged in economic activity while attending school at
the same time.
o
36.3% attend school and are engaged in household chores.
o
46.6% only attend school without being engaged in any economic activity or household
chores.
o
4% are engaged in economic activity without attending school.
o
6.8% do not attend school and engaged in household chores.
o
4.5% are neither attended school nor engaged in any economic activity or household chores.
The number of
children between 6
and 17 age group
16 264
100.0 %
Attending school
13 772
Not attending
school
2 492
84.7 %
15.3 %
Engaged in
economic activity
302
Engaged in
household chores
5 896
Not working
7 574
Engaged in
economic activity
656
Engaged in
household chores
1 106
Not working
730
1.9 %
36.3 %
46.6 %
4.0 %
6.8 %
4.5 %
Chart 1. Distribution of children in the age group 6-17 by
school attendance and working status
2.2 Educational Status
According to the results of the 2006 survey, 84.7% of 16 million 264 thousand children in the
age group 6-17 (13 million 772 thousand) attend school while the remaining 15.3% (2 million 492
29
29
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
thousand) are out of school (not attending school). Of children in this age group 87.2% in urban
areas and 80.7% in rural areas attended school. As of 2006, the rate of school attendance in children
in the age group 6-17 is 87.5% for males and 81.8% for females. (Table 2.2)
The distribution of children in the age group 6-17 who are attending school and out of school is
given below. It is observed that:
x
Of 13 million 772 thousand children attending school,
o
2.2% are engaged in economic activity while 42.8% are engaged in household
chores,
o
x
55% do not work.
Of 2 million 491 thousand children do not attend school,
o
26.3% are engaged in economic activity while 44.4% are engaged in household
chores,
o
29.2% do not work.
2.2 Distribution of children not attending school
2.1 Distribution of children attending school
% 2.2
% 29.2
Economically
active
Not working
% 42.8
% 55.0
Household
work
% 26.3
% 44.4
In 2006, of children attending school 52% are males and 48% are females. In earlier surveys
this distribution was as follows: 1994: 54.3% males and 45.7% females; in 1999: 53.4% males and
46.6% females. (Table 2.2)
Looking in terms of periods in which child labour surveys were conducted, it is observed that
there is a rising trend in the school attendance and retention of children in the age group 6-17. The
rate of attendance which was 75.4% in 1994 increased to 79.2% in 1999 and to 84.7% in 2006.
Although rates of school attendance increase in both urban and rural areas, this increase is much
more pronounced in rural areas. In fact, from 1994 to 2006, while the rate of increase in school
attendance of children in the age group 6-17 is 5.8 points in urban areas, it is 12.1 points in rural
areas. (Table 2.2)
30
30
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
2.2 Rates of school attendance by sex and settlement
The number of children
attending school
Rate (%)
October
1994
October
1999
October
November
December
2006
Total
14 968
15 821
16 264
11 279
12 526
13 772
75.4
79.2
84.7
Males
7 628
8 021
8 192
6 120
6 686
7 165
80.2
83.4
87.5
Females
7 340
7 800
8 071
5 159
5 839
6 607
70.3
74.9
81.9
Total
7 858
9 010
9 902
6 400
7 438
8 636
81.4
82.6
87.2
Males
4 021
4 585
5 100
3 392
3 906
4 504
84.4
85.2
88.3
Females
3 837
4 425
4 802
3 008
3 531
4 132
78.4
79.8
86.0
Total
7 110
6 812
6 364
4 879
5 087
5 136
68.6
74.7
80.7
Males
3 607
3 436
3 095
2 728
2 779
2 661
75.6
80.9
86.0
Females
3 503
3 375
3 269
2 152
2 308
2 475
61.4
68.4
75.7
Settlements
and sex
October
1994
October
1999
October
November
December
2006
October
November
1994
1999
2006
Turkey
Urban
Rural
Note. Children not attend school although at age 6 are considered as out of school.
Although school attendance among female children is lower than that of male children in all
periods, the rate of increase in female children’s school attendance over time is much higher than that
of males in both rural and urban areas. Although male and female school attendance rates in urban
areas are close to each other in 2006 and in spite of developments taken place over years, there is
still 10.3 percentage points difference between male and female school attendance rates in rural
areas. (Table 2.2)
Examining school attendance rates of children on the basis of age groups, it is seen that 92.4%
which is valid for the age group 6-14 in 2006 drops to 59.2% in the age group 15-17. (Table 2.3)
For the age group 6-14, the proportion of children attending school is 93.9% in urban areas and
90.3% in rural areas. As far as male children in this age group is concerned, there is no significant
difference between rural and urban areas in terms of school attendance. On the other hand, in urban
areas, while 93.2% of urban females in the age group 6-14 attend school, this falls to 87.1 in rural
areas. (Table 2.3)
31
31
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
2.3 School attendance by gender, settlement and age group
(%)
Turkey
Age group
and sex
October
1994
Urban
October
November
October December
1999
2006
October
1994
Rural
October
November
October December
1999
2006
October
1994
October
November
October December
1999
2006
Total
6 - 14
86.6
87.9
92.4
90.7
89.7
93.9
82.0
85.6
90.3
15 - 17
44.8
52.3
59.2
56.0
61.5
66.4
32.5
39.3
46.5
Males
6 - 14
89.7
91.0
94.1
92.6
92.1
94.6
86.7
89.7
93.4
15 - 17
54.3
59.8
65.5
62.7
65.8
69.4
44.4
50.3
57.4
Females
6 - 14
83.3
84.7
90.7
88.8
87.3
93.2
77.2
81.1
87.2
15 - 17
35.0
44.6
52.7
48.5
56.7
62.9
21.3
29.1
37.2
Examining school attendance of children in the age group 15-17, which is beyond ages of
compulsory education, the significant differences is observed between rural and urban settlements
even for male children. For male children in this age group school attendance in urban areas is 69.4%
while it is 57.4% in rural areas. For female children in the age group 15-17, school attendance rates
are 62.9% and 37.2%, respectively, in urban and rural areas. (Table 2.3)
In the period from 1994 to 2006, while the rate of school attendance for the age group 6-17
increased by 4 percentage points for boys and 7.6 percentage points for girls in urban areas, figures
for rural areas are 10.4 and 14.3 percentage points for boys and girls, respectively. (Table 2.2)
(%)
100
80
60
Total
40
Males
20
Females
Turk ey
32
Urban
32
Rural
OctoberNovemberDecember
2006
October
1999
October
1994
2006
October
1999
October
1994
2006
October
1999
October
1994
0
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
For all implementation periods, school attendance rates of all children in the age group 6-14,
both boys and girls, have increased. However, increase in the period from 1999 to 2006 is more
pronounced. In both rural and urban areas, the rate of attendance of girls in the age group 6-14
increased by 6 percentage points in 2006 compared to 1999. (Table 2.3, Chart 2.3)
(%)
80
70
60
50
Total
40
Males
30
Females
20
10
Turkey
Urban
2006
October
1999
October
1994
2006
October
1999
October
1994
2006
October
1999
October
1994
0
Rural
Remarkable increases can also be observed in the school attendance rates of children in the age
group 15-17. By 2006, school attendance rates of urban children in the age group 15-17 have
increased by 3.7 (for boys) and 6.2 (for girls) percentage points. Corresponding rural figures are 7.1
percentage points and 8.1 percentage points for boys and girls, respectively. (Table 2.3, Chart 2.4)
2.4 Distribution of reasons of non-attendance by sex, settlement and age group,
October-November-December 2006
(%)
Age group,
sex and
settlements
Total
Can't
School
Too
afford
is
young/ Disabled/
old
ilness too far schooling
Poor in
Family studies/
not School not
does not
allow inerested considered
schooling in school
valuable
15.4
5.2
0.6
3.2
1.4
Other
12.0
5.3
3.1
22.4
Urban
13.5
6.2
0.9
19.9
8.1
17.2
6.0
0.6
3.9
1.3
22.4
Rural
10.4
4.4
5.3
25.0
20.0
13.5
4.4
0.6
2.4
1.6
12.4
Males
14.2
7.0
1.7
18.9
4.1
22.1
7.5
0.5
4.5
0.6
19.2
Females
10.3
4.2
4.2
25.0
20.9
10.7
3.6
0.7
2.3
2.0
16.3
6 - 14
30.4
9.3
4.6
20.5
13.9
6.7
2.9
0.8
2.3
0.6
8.0
0.7
2.9
2.3
23.6
14.0
20.7
6.7
0.5
3.7
1.9
23.2
15 - 17
14.0
Help at
To work in home with
School economic household
chores
not safe activities
17.5
33
33
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
In the light of the survey conducted in 2006, examining the reasons of non-attendance
(i.e. drop outs or never been in school), it is observed that “can’t afford schooling” stands out as
the main reason (22.4%). 15.4% of children have dropped out or out of school as a result of poor in
studies/not interested in school while 14% are out of school for not being allowed to attend by their
parents. 12% of children are in the same situation for being out of relevant age. Such high
percentage as 12 partly derives from responses of children who are just 6 and have yet not started
school (Table 2.4)
Examining reasons of being out of school by rural/urban distinction, “can’t afford schooling”
once more stand out as the primary reason (19.9% in urban areas and 25% in rural areas). On the
other hand, while children remaining out of school because of their family does not allow schooling
make up 20% of total in rural areas, this figure is only 8.1% urban areas. In urban areas, “poor in
studies/not interested in school” ranks after “can’t afford schooling” in reasons for non-attendance.
(Table 2.4)
Taken in gender terms, there are significant differences between the reasons of being out of
school for girls and boys. (Table 2.4, Chart 2.4)
o
While only 4.1% of male children are out of school due to family does not allow schooling,
this figure is 20.9% for girls.
o
The case of not affording school expenses is a reason more pronounced when it comes to
girls
o
(25% for girls, 18.9% for boys).
When male children are concerned, poor in studies/not interested in schooling is a more
pronounced reason (22.1%).
o
The reason “school is too far” is valid for girls’ attendance with 4.2% against 1.7% for boys.
o
While the proportion of male children not attending school because of working is 4.5%
against 2.3% for girls.
34
34
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
2.5 The reasons of non-attendance for children in the age group 6-17
(%)
30
25
20
Total
Males
15
Females
10
5
0
Too
young/old
Disabled/
illness
School is
too far
Can't
afford
schooling
Family
does not
allow
schooling
Poor in
studies/
not interested
in school
School not
considered
valuable
School
not safe
To work in
economic
activities
Help at
home with
household
chores
Other
Examining reasons of non-attendance on the basis of age groups, it is seen that 30.4% of
children in the age group 6-14 are out of school for age-related reasons. As stated earlier, this high
percentage partly derives from the fact that under-age children (6 years olds) were also covered in
the survey. 20.8% of children in the age group 6-14 are out of school for not being able to cover
school expenses. Excluding the reason related to under-age, the share of this reason increases up to
29.8%. 13.9 % of children in this age group are out of school because their family does not allow
schooling. On the other hand 4.6% of children in the same age group are out of school because
school is too far. (Table 2.4)
For children in the age group 15-17, the leading reason for being out of school is again “school
expenses” with 23.6%. The fact that the choice “other” is as high as 22.6% is associated with the
stance of families who do not consider discontinuation of education after completion of compulsory
schooling as being “out of school.” (Table 2.4)
2.3 Employment Situation
According to the results of 2006 child labour survey, 5.9% of 16 million 264 thousand children
in the age group 6-17 are engaged in economic activity or, to put in other words, “employed”
(958 thousand children). In Turkey as a whole 47.7% of children aged 6-17 who are employed live in
urban areas (457 thousand) and 52.4% in rural areas (502 thousand). Of all children employed, 66%
are males and 34% are females. (Table 1.1)
35
35
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
Compared by periods in which child labour surveys were conducted, it is observed that while the
proportion of children in the age group 6-17 who were employed was 15.2% (2 million 270 thousand)
and 10.3% (1 million 630 thousand) in October 1999, this was found as low as 5.9% (958 thousand)
in the child labour survey conducted in the 4th quarter of 2006. The decrease in the proportion of
working children in the age group 6-14 was particularly pronounced, accompanied by higher rates of
school attendance in the same age group. Contributing to this trend is the extension of compulsory
basic education from 5 to 8 years as well as various projects and campaigns designed to include
children in the education system. In the 1994 survey 8.8% of children in the age group 6-14 was
engaged in economic activity, which first fell to 5.1% in 1999 and then to 2.6% in 2006. As for
children in the age group 15-17, the decrease turned out to be by about 9.5 percentage points from
1999 to 2006 (from 26.3% to 16.9%). (Table 1.1, Chart 4)
2.6 Rate of employment by age groups and gender
(%)
45
40
35
October 1994
30
25
October 1999
20
October-NovemberDecember 2006
15
10
5
0
6-14
15-17
6-14
Total
15-17
6-14
Males
15-17
Females
Comparing the results of child labour survey on rural/urban basis, it is found that 26.9% of
working children in the age group 6-17 were in urban areas in October 1994, 29.3% in October 1999
and 47.7% in 2006. Adding a gender dimension to this distribution it is seen that 34.8% of male
children engaged in economic activity in urban settlements in October 1994, 37.9% in October 1999
and 53.3% in 2006. The share of female children engaged in economic activity and settled in urban
areas was 14.6% in October 1994, 17.2% in October 1999 and 36.8% in 2006. (Table 1.1)
These figures suggest that the incidence child labour is falling significantly while, at the same
time, urban centres and non-agricultural sectors gain weight in child employment.
36
36
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
2.7 Children engaged in economic activity by sex and rural/urban settlements
(%)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Total
Males
Females
October
1994
October
1999
2006
October
1994
Urban
October
1999
2006
Rural
In gender terms, 60.4% of working children in the age group 6-17 were males and the
remaining 39.6% were females in 1994. This distribution remained more or less the same in 1999
whereas in 2006 males constituted 66% of working children in this age group (females: 34%).
Looking by rural/urban distinction of employment within this age group, a positive shift was observed
for the girls in rural areas while the shift is in opposite direction in urban areas. In 1994, females
made up 46.1% of total rural child employment. In 2006, this share dropped to 41.1%. On the other
hand, the share of female children in total child employment in urban areas increased from 21.5% to
26.3% in the same period. (Tablo1.1)
Branches of economic activity
According to the results of the 2006 child labour survey, 41% of children engaged in economic
activity in agriculture sector (393 thousand) and 59% in non-agricultural sectors (565 thousand).
Of all working children 28.4% are in industry, 21.4% in trade and 9.2% are in services sector.
(Table 1.5)
Examining the distribution of child labour by economic sector on the basis of three surveys it
was observed that the share of agriculture in child labour dropped from 66.5% in 1994 to 60.7% in
1999 and to 41% in 2006. (Table 1.5)
37
37
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
2.8 Children engaged in economic activity by agricultural and non-agricultural sectors
(%)
90
80
70
60
Total
50
6-14
40
15-17
30
20
10
0
October 1994
October 1999
OctoberNovemberDecember 2006
October 1994
Agriculture
October 1999
OctoberNovemberDecember 2006
Non-Agriculture
Examining the distribution of children engaged in economic activity by sectors, it is seen that
there is a decrease in child employment in services sector as well as agricultural sector, though small,
when compared to the results of the survey in October 1999. The share of children employed in this
sector was 8.6% in October 1994, which first rose to 9.8% in October 1999 and then fell to 9.2% in
2006. On the other hand there are increases over time in the employment of children in the sectors of
industry and trade. From 1999 to 2006, the share of children who employed in industry increased by
8.6 percentage points. In the same period, increase in the trade sector was from 9.8% in 1999 to
21.4% in 2006. In absolute numbers, the trade was the only sector where the number of working
children in the age group 6-17 increased: The number of working children in this sector which was
159 thousand in 1999 increased to 205 thousand in 2006. This increase in the trade sector derived
from increasing male child employment in both urban (37 thousand) and rural (14 thousand) areas.
(Table 1.5)
2.9 Children engaged in economic activity by sectors
(%)
90
80
70
60
October 1994
50
40
October 1999
30
20
10
A griculture
38
Industry
Trade
38
Services
Females
Males
Total
Females
Males
Total
Females
Males
Total
Females
Males
Total
0
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
Status in employment
According to the 2006 child labour survey, 53.5% of children engaged in economic activity are
regular or casual employee, 2.7% work as self employed or employer and 43.7% work as unpaid in
their family enterprises. (Table 1.6)
Comparing the results of surveys carried out at different times, it is observed that parallel to the
falling share of agriculture versus rising shares of other sectors, the proportion of children working
unpaid in family enterprises is diminishing while that of working as regular or casual employee is
increasing. While earlier a large majority of children engaged in economic activity were in the status of
unpaid family workers (69.2% in October 1994 and 60.4% in October 1999), this dropped to 43.7% in
2006. On the other hand, the proportion of children working as regular or casual employee, which was
28.5% in October 1994 and 37.9% in October 1999 increased to 53.5% in 2006. (Table 1.6)
Change in employment status in agriculture runs fully parallel to what takes place in Turkey in
general: For both male and female working children, share of unpaid family workers in total
employment has dropped whereas that of regular or casual employee has increased. On the other
side, while the proportion of children employed as unpaid family workers in urban areas is increasing,
there is a decrease in the number of children working for wage. Especially in the age group 6-14 in
urban places, there is an increase in the number of unpaid family workers. In urban places and in
October 1999, 8.6% of male and 10.7% of female child workers in the age group 6-14 were employed
as unpaid family workers. In 2006, these figures increased to 41.2% and 29%, respectively.
(Table 1.6)
2.10 Children engaged in economic activity by status in employment
(%)
90
80
70
60
Total
50
40
6-14
15-17
30
20
10
0
October
1994
October
1999
2006
October
1994
October
1999
2006
Note. Self employed and employers are not shown in the chart because of their very small proportions.
39
39
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
2.4 Income Status
According to the results of the 2006 child labour survey, 56.2% of children engaged in
economic activity (538 thousand children) earn income in their status as regular or casual employee,
self employed or employers. Of these children 46.3% work in industry, 15.2% in agriculture and
15.1% in services. (Table 3.10)
2.11 Children engaged in economic activity by net income groups
%10.4
%25.8
Of children engaged in economic activity and
0-100
remunerated, 25.8% earn less than 100 TRY a
101-200
%18.4
month, 26.2% earn in the interval 101-200,
201-300
19.3% in the interval 201-300 TRY, 18.4% in the
301-400
interval 301-400 TRY and 10.4% earn 401 TRY
401+
%19.3
or more.
%26.2
Of children working and earning:
o
68.8% are males.
o
68.9% live in urban areas.
o
80% earn below minimum wage.
o
Average monthly net income is 234 TRY.
o
Average monthly net income of working male children (230 TRY) is lower than that of
working female children (244 TRY).
o
Monthly net income of children in the age group 6-14 is 162 TRY.
o
Monthly net income of children in the age group 15-17 is 254 TRY.
o
While children working in urban areas earn 241 TRY a month, those in rural areas earn
219 TRY.
o
Net income earned by children working in industry (268 TRY) is higher than that of children
in other sectors.
Examining children’s income status by sectors, it is seen that children working in agriculture and
services earn less than those working in industry and trade. 36.6% of children in agriculture and
38.3% of children in services earn 100 TRY or less a month. 28.6% of children working in the sector
40
40
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
of trade also remain in the income group 0-100 TRY whereas 39.8% of children working in industry
earn 300 TRY or more a month. (Table 3.10)
2.12 Remunerated children by sectors and net earning groups
(%)
50
45
40
35
0-100
30
101-200
25
201-300
20
301-400
15
401+
10
5
0
Agriculture
Industry
Trade
Services
2.5 The Reason of Working in Economic Activity
Examining the reason of working in economic activity as revealed by the results of the 2006
child labour survey, “contribute to household income” is observed as the most frequently stated
reason (51.1%). Then come “learning a profession, building skills for a job” by 17.4% and “contribute
to economic activities of household members” by 12.9%. 10.8 % of children state they work upon the
decision of their parents and 4.7% state that they work for providing for their own needs. (Table 2.5)
2.5 Children engaged in economic activity by reason of working
(%)
The reason of working
To contribute
household
income
To help
household's
economic
activity
To learn a
profession and
building skills
for a job
Due to
family wish
To support
his/her own
needs
Other
Turkey
51.1
12.9
17.4
10.8
4.7
3.0
6 - 14
46.3
18.8
12.8
16.6
1.9
3.8
15 - 17
53.4
10.0
19.7
7.8
6.1
2.8
52.1
8.5
24.3
4.2
7.4
3.5
6 - 14
50.9
14.7
19.0
8.6
4.3
2.6
15 - 17
52.5
6.7
26.1
2.6
8.2
3.8
50.3
17.0
11.2
16.8
2.2
2.8
6 - 14
43.6
21.1
9.3
21.1
0.5
4.4
15 - 17
54.9
14.1
12.5
13.5
3.4
1.7
Settlemets
and age group
Urban
Rural
41
41
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
“Contributing to household income” is the leading motive in both urban and rural areas (52.1%
and 50.3%, respectively). On the other hand, while “learning a profession and building skills for a job”
comes second after the first motive in urban areas (24.3%), “to help household's economic activity”
comes second after the first motive in rural areas (17%). “Family wish” is the third motive in rural
areas (16.8%). (Table 2.5)
Examining motives by age groups, it is seen that “contributing to household income” is the
leading one in both 6-14 and 15-17 age groups. Still, it is worth noting that responses “family wish”
and “helping household’s economic activities” are relatively more frequent in the age group 6-14.
“Learning a profession, building skills for a job”, on the other hand, is a response with relatively
higher frequency in the age group 15-17. (Table 2.5)
Examining motives for working of children in the age group 6-17 with respect to school
attendance it was seen that there was a significant difference. While 31.1% of school attending
children work in order to contribute to household income, the frequency of this particular motive is as
high as 60.2% among those out of school. 20.9% of children attending school and 9.5% of those not
attending say they work in order to help other household members in their economic activities. The
proportion of children working in order to “learn a profession and build skills for a job” is 24.2%
among those attending school and 14.5% among others out of school. (Table 2.5, Chart 2.13)
2.13 Children attending/not attending school by their reason of working in
economic activity
(%)
70
60
Attending
school
50
40
Not
attending
school
30
20
10
0
To contribute
to household
income
42
To help
household's
economic
activities
Due to family
To learn
wish
profession and
building skills
for a job
42
To support
his/her own
needs
Other
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
2.6 Actual Working Hours
According to the results of the 2006 child labour survey conducted in October, November and
December, 7.5% of children engaged in economic activity in the age group 6-17 have worked shorter
than 7 hours a week. However, 56.5% of these children have worker 40 hours or longer during the
reference week. 2.1% of children engaged in economic activity were absent from work for various
reasons (leave, illness, etc.) during the reference week and actual working hours for these children
were taken as “0”. (Table 2.6)
57.9% of male children engaged in economic activity in the age group 6-17 and 54% of
females have worked longer than 40 hours during the reference week. The proportion of children
working longer than 40 hours a week is higher in rural areas than in urban. While 70.7% of children
in urban areas work longer than 40 hours a week, 43.7% of children in rural areas do so. In urban
areas, proportion of male children working longer than 40 hours a week is 69.4% while 74.2% of
urban working girls do so. (Table 2.6)
2.6 Children engaged in economic activity by actual weekly working hours
(%)
Turkey
Urban
Rural
Weekly actual hours
worked and sex
Total
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1-7
7.5
6.6
9.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
10.6
9.5
12.1
8 - 15
11.1
10.8
11.7
6.3
7.1
4.2
15.4
14.9
16.0
16 - 30
17.5
16.8
18.7
13.3
13.6
13.3
21.2
20.7
22.3
31 - 39
5.3
5.7
4.6
3.9
4.2
2.5
6.6
7.1
5.8
40 - 45
6.9
5.9
8.9
6.8
5.3
10.8
7.0
6.4
7.8
46 - 54
13.6
14.4
12.0
19.5
18.4
22.5
8.2
9.8
5.8
55 +
36.0
37.7
33.1
44.4
45.7
40.8
28.5
28.5
28.6
2.1
2.2
2.1
1.5
1.5
1.7
2.8
3.1
2.4
56.5
57.9
54.0
70.7
69.4
74.2
43.7
44.7
42.2
Persons not at work
40+
Males Females
Total
Males Females
Total
Males Females
100.0
Examining working hours on the basis of school attendance, it is observed that 19.2% of
children attending school and 2.3% of children not attending school work 7 hours or shorter a week.
While 2% of children attending school work 55 hours or longer a week, such long weekly working
hours are relevant to 50.3% of working children out of school. Considering the threshold of 40 hours,
it is observed that while only 10% of children attending school work 40 hours or longer a week, 77%
of children out of school have worked 40 hours or longer during the reference week. 80.8 % of
children attending school have worked shorter than 30 hours a week. (Chart 2.14)
43
43
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
2.14 Children attending/not attending school by actual weekly working hours
(%)
60
50
Attending
school
40
30
Not
attending
school
20
10
0
Persons
not at work
1-7
8-15
16-30
31-39
40-45
46-54
55+
Examining average actual weekly working hours of children engaged in economic activity the
followings are observed:
o
Children in the age group 6-17 work 40.7 hours a week on average.
o
Average weekly working hours of children in the age group 6-14 is 25.4 while average
weekly working hours of children in the age group 15-17 is 48.5.
o
Male children have worked 41.7 hours during the reference week while it is 39 hours for
female child workers.
o
While actual weekly working hours of children not attending school is 51.1, it is 18.3 hours
for children attending school.
2.7 Household Chores
Child labour surveys also contain questions concerning children’s involvement in
domestic household chores besides their economic employment. However, while the
status of children vis-à-vis such household chores was investigated by posing one
question in the surveys of 1994 and 1999, in 2006 survey this point was addressed by
forwarding reminding questions to individual children. This way of reminding children
their involvement in household chores yielded the result of sounder and higher number of
affirmative responses by children though minimising the risk of reminding. This point
should be considered while comparing the number of children involved in household
works over different survey years. Below is how relevant questions were posed in the surveys of
1999 and 2006.
44
44
Evaluation
Değerlendirme
1999
2006
In the reference week ;
During the last week have you worked in any household chores?
(Washing clothes, looking after younger brother/sister,
cooking, washing dishes, cleaning inside or
outside the house etc.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Did you engaged in shopping for your household?
Did you engaged in cooking meal for your house?
Did you engaged in cleaning utensils/house?
Did you engaged in washing clothes or dishes?
Did you engaged in looking after younger brother/sister or
other members of family?
6. Did you engaged in doing other household chores?
(Please explain)........................
According to responses given during the 2006 survey, 43.1% of children in the age group 6-17
are engaged only in household chores. Of 7 million 4 thousand children who state to be helping their
families in household chores 61.2% are girls (4 million 289 thousand). Within the age group 6-17,
73% of male children engaged in household chores belong to the age sub-group 6-14. For female
children, this proportion is 67.7%.
Of 7 million 4 thousand children who state to be helping their families in household chores
64.6% are in urban areas (4 million 524 thousand) and 35.4% are in rural settlements (2 million 480
thousand). Female children constitute 66.6% of all children in rural settlements who help their families
in household chores. While 42.8% of children attending school help their families in such works, the
figure is 44.4% for children not attending school. (Table 2.7)
2.7 Children engaged in household chores
Settlements
and sex
October
1999
2006
Children engaged in household chores
2006
October
1999
Number
Number
Number
(%)
Number
(%)
Turkey
Total
Males
Females
15 821
8 021
7 800
16 264
8 192
8 072
4 470
1 208
3 261
28.3
15.1
41.8
7 004
2 714
4 289
43.1
33.1
53.1
Urban
Total
Males
Females
9 010
4 585
4 425
9 901
5 099
4 802
2 846
869
1 976
31.6
19.0
44.7
4 524
1 886
2 636
45.7
37.0
54.9
Rural
Total
Males
Females
6 812
3 436
3 375
6 363
3 093
3 270
1 624
338
1 286
23.8
9.8
38.1
2 480
828
1 652
39.0
26.8
50.5
Note. Since questions related to household chores were posed only to those in the age group 6-14 during the October 1994
survey, data relating to October 1994 are not included in the table.
45
45
Değerlendirme
Evaluation
Comparing the results of the 2006 survey with those of October it is seen that while 28.3% of
children in the age group 6-17 were engaged in household chores in 1999, this turned out as higher
(43.1%) in 2006. However, as stated above, posing questions in different ways at different times is a
factor necessitating reservation for comparisons. (Table 2.7)
Examining the types of household works performed by children in 2006, it is seen that the
shopping is the leading one (27.7%), followed by in-house cleaning (24.8%) and laundry and
dishwashing (19%). Types of work doing varies significantly by gender. For example, while the
principal engagement of male children is shopping (60.6%), female children have differing
preoccupations including cleaning (27.6%) and laundry/dishwashing (23.7%). (Table 2.8)
Shopping is the primary household work done by children attending school (32.1%). Similarly,
children in the age group 6-14 are also mainly involved in shopping as household work (31.4%).
(Table 2.8)
2.8 Children in the age group 6-17 by types of household chores performed
(%)
The type of household chores
Sex, age group and
status of attending
school
Total
Shopping
Cooking
100.0
27.7
13.0
Males
100.0
60.6
5.0
Females
100.0
17.1
15.5
Attending school
100.0
32.1
11.0
Not attending school
100.0
11.7
20.1
6 -14
100.0
31.4
15 -17
100.0
21.1
Total
Cleaning Washing
utensils/ clothes or
house
dishes
24.8
Looking after
brother/sister
Other
or other family household
members
chores
19.0
14.7
0.9
15.9
4.5
12.3
1.8
27.6
23.7
15.5
0.6
24.7
17.6
13.7
0.9
25.1
24.0
18.5
0.6
10.1
25.2
17.5
14.8
1.0
18.0
24.0
21.6
14.5
0.7
Status of attending school
Age group
Note. Numerical values regarding the type of household chores performed denote the frequency in performing any
specific work.
46
46
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
Non-institutional civilian population and employment by age group and sex
(Bin - Thousand)
Türkiye - Turkey
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Toplam - Total
6-17
Kurumsal
olmayan
sivil
nüfus
Noninstitutional
civilian
population
Kent - Urban
østihdam
oran
østihdam Employment
rate (%)
Employed
Kurumsal
olmayan
sivil
nüfus
Noninstitutional
civilian
population
Kr - Rural
østihdam
oran
rate (%)
Employed
Kurumsal
olmayan
sivil
nüfus
Noninstitutional
civilian
population
østihdam
oran
rate (%)
Employed
72 958
22 963
35.6
45 769
13 474
33.2
27 190
9 491
39.8
16 264
958
5.9
9 901
457
4.6
6 363
502
7.9
0- 5
8 479
-
-
5 137
-
-
3 343
-
-
6- 14
12 478
320
2.6
7 502
116
1.5
4 976
205
4.1
15-17
3 786
638
16.9
2 399
341
14.2
1 387
297
21.4
18-24
8 290
3 163
38.2
5 481
1 946
35.5
2 809
1 217
43.3
25-34
13 170
7 400
56.2
8 953
4 942
55.2
4 218
2 458
58.3
35-54
17 804
9 515
53.4
11 450
5 554
48.5
6 355
3 960
62.3
55 +
8 948
1 927
21.5
4 847
572
11.8
4 102
1 354
33.0
36 379
17 011
53.1
23 062
10 635
52.0
13 319
6 375
55.0
8 192
632
7.7
5 099
337
6.6
3 094
296
9.6
0- 5
4 337
-
-
2 606
-
-
1 731
-
-
6- 14
6 286
207
3.3
3 831
85
2.2
2 456
123
5.0
15-17
1 906
425
22.3
1 268
252
19.9
638
173
27.1
18-24
3 946
2 124
53.8
2 669
1 355
50.8
1 277
769
60.2
25-34
6 692
5 656
84.5
4 580
3 897
85.1
2 113
1 759
83.2
35-54
8 983
7 181
79.9
5 807
4 549
78.3
3 177
2 631
82.8
55 +
4 227
1 418
33.5
2 301
497
21.6
1 927
920
47.7
36 579
5 952
18.3
22 707
2 839
14.1
13 871
3 116
25.4
Erkek - Males
6-17
Kadn - Females
8 072
326
4.0
4 802
120
2.5
3 269
206
6.3
0- 5
6-17
4 142
-
-
2 531
-
-
1 612
-
-
6- 14
6 192
113
1.8
3 671
31
0.8
2 520
82
3.3
15-17
1 880
213
11.3
1 131
89
7.9
749
124
16.6
18-24
4 344
1 039
23.9
2 812
591
21.0
1 532
448
29.2
25-34
6 478
1 744
26.9
4 373
1 045
23.9
2 105
699
33.2
35-54
8 821
2 334
26.5
5 643
1 005
17.8
3 178
1 329
41.8
55 +
4 721
509
10.8
2 546
75
2.9
2 175
434
20.0
Not. 1. Toplam istihdam oran 6 ve daha yukar yaútaki
istihdamn 6 ve daha yukar yaútaki kurumsal
olmayan sivil nüfusa bölünmesiyle hesaplanmútr.
Note. 1. Total employment rate is calculated as the rate of employed
people aged 6 years of age and over within non-institutional
civilian population of same age group.
47
47
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.2 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet, okula devam etme ve çalúma durumuna göre çocuklar
Children by age group, sex, educational attendance and type of activity
(Bin - Thousand)
Okula devam eden - Attending school
Okula devam etmeyen - Not attending school
Çalúan - Working
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Çocuk
says
Number of
children
Ekonomik
faaliyetEv
lerde iúlerinde
Persons
Persons
engaged in engaged in
Toplam Toplam economic domestic
Total
Total
activities
chores
Çalúmayan
Notworking
Ekonomik
faaliyetEv
lerde iúlerinde
Persons
Persons Çalúmaengaged in engaged in
yan
Toplam Toplam economic domestic
NotTotal
Total activities
chores
working
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
16 264
13 772
6 198
302
5 896
7 574
2 492
1 762
656
1 106
6- 14
12 478
11 533
4 757
196
4 561
6 775
945
445
124
321
500
15-17
3 786
2 240
1 441
106
1 335
799
1 546
1 317
532
785
230
430
Erkek - Males
730
8 192
7 165
2 749
220
2 529
4 417
1 028
598
413
185
6- 14
6 286
5 917
2 077
138
1 939
3 840
370
109
69
40
260
15-17
1 906
1 248
672
82
590
577
658
488
343
145
169
8 072
6 607
3 449
82
3 367
3 157
1 465
1 165
244
921
300
6- 14
6 192
5 616
2 680
58
2 622
2 935
576
337
55
282
239
15-17
1 880
991
769
24
745
222
888
829
189
640
60
411
Kadn - Females
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
9 901
8 636
4 125
129
3 996
4 510
1 265
854
327
527
6- 14
7 502
7 042
3 095
62
3 033
3 947
460
181
54
127
279
15-17
2 399
1 594
1 030
67
963
564
805
674
274
400
132
Erkek - Males
5 099
4 504
1 875
103
1 772
2 629
595
348
234
114
247
6- 14
3 831
3 622
1 390
52
1 338
2 231
209
55
32
23
154
15-17
1 268
882
485
51
434
398
386
293
201
92
94
Kadn - Females
4 802
4 132
2 250
26
2 224
1 882
670
506
94
412
164
6- 14
3 671
3 420
1 705
10
1 695
1 715
251
125
21
104
125
15-17
1 131
712
546
16
530
166
418
381
73
308
39
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
6 363
5 136
2 072
172
1 900
3 064
1 227
909
329
580
318
6- 14
4 976
4 491
1 662
134
1 528
2 829
485
264
70
194
221
15-17
1 387
645
411
39
372
235
741
643
258
385
97
Erkek - Males
3 093
2 661
873
116
757
1 788
432
250
179
71
182
6- 14
2 456
2 295
687
86
601
1 609
161
54
37
17
107
15-17
638
366
187
31
156
179
271
196
142
54
76
3 270
2 475
1 199
56
1 143
1 276
794
658
150
509
136
6- 14
2 520
2 196
975
48
927
1 220
325
210
33
177
114
15-17
749
279
224
8
216
56
470
448
116
332
22
Kadn - Females
48
48
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
3.3 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve çalúma nedenine göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
Children engaged in economic activities by age group, sex and reason of working
(Bin - Thousand)
Çalúma nedeni - Reason of working
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Toplam
Total
Hanehalk
gelirine
katkda
bulunmak
To contribute
household
income
Hanehalknn
øú
ekonomik
ö÷renmek,
faaliyetine
meslek
yardmc
sahibi
olmak
olmak
To help in
To learn a
household's profession and
economic building skills for
a job
activity
Ailenin
iste÷i
Due to
family
wish
Kendi
ihtiyaçlarn
karúlamak
To support
him/herself
Di÷er
Other
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
958
490
124
167
103
45
29
6- 14
320
148
60
41
53
6
11
15-17
638
341
64
126
50
39
18
17
Erkek - Males
632
309
78
143
54
31
6- 14
207
88
42
35
32
4
5
15-17
425
220
36
108
22
27
12
Kadn - Females
326
181
46
24
49
14
12
6- 14
113
60
18
6
21
2
6
15-17
213
121
28
19
28
12
6
16
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
457
238
39
111
19
34
6- 14
116
59
17
22
10
5
3
15-17
341
179
23
89
9
28
13
12
Erkek - Males
337
164
30
97
11
24
6- 14
85
39
14
21
5
4
2
15-17
252
125
16
76
6
20
10
4
Kadn - Females
120
74
9
14
9
10
6- 14
31
20
3
1
6
1
1
15-17
89
54
7
13
3
8
3
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
501
252
85
56
84
11
14
6- 14
204
89
43
19
43
1
9
15-17
297
163
42
37
40
10
5
Erkek - Males
295
145
48
46
44
7
6
6- 14
123
49
28
14
28
-
4
15-17
173
96
20
32
16
7
2
Kadn - Females
206
107
37
10
40
5
8
6- 14
82
40
16
5
16
1
5
15-17
124
67
21
5
24
4
3
Not. 5 bin kiúiden az de÷erlerde örnek büyüklü÷ü
Note. Sample size is too small for reliable estimates
for figures less than 5 thousand persons
49
49
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.4 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve faaliyet koluna göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
Children engaged in economic activities by age group, sex and branch of economic activity
(Bin - Thousand)
Ekonomik faaliyet kolu - Branch of economic activity
Yaú grubu ve
cinsiyet
Age group and sex
Toplam
Total
Tarm
Agriculture
Sanayi
Industry
Ticaret
Trade
Hizmet
Services
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
958
393
272
205
88
6-14
320
183
51
65
21
15-17
638
210
221
140
66
Toplam-Total
Erkek-Males
632
203
186
175
67
6-14
207
102
31
55
19
15-17
425
101
155
120
49
20
Kadn-Females
326
190
85
30
6-14
113
80
19
10
3
15-17
213
109
66
20
18
KENT - URBAN
457
32
212
151
62
6-14
116
18
42
42
14
15-17
341
14
170
108
48
Toplam-Total
Erkek-Males
337
14
145
129
49
6-14
85
11
26
35
12
15-17
252
3
119
93
37
14
Kadn-Females
120
18
67
22
6-14
31
7
15
7
2
15-17
89
11
51
15
12
25
KIR - RURAL
Toplam-Total
501
361
60
55
6-14
204
165
9
23
7
15-17
297
196
51
32
18
19
Erkek-Males
295
189
41
46
6-14
123
91
5
20
7
15-17
173
98
36
26
12
Kadn-Females
206
172
19
9
7
6-14
82
74
4
3
1
15-17
124
98
15
5
6
50
50
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
Children engaged in economic activities by age group, sex and status in employment
(Bin - Thousand)
øúteki durum - Status in employment
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Toplam
Total
Ücretli, maaúl
veya yevmiyeli
Regular or casual
employee
Kendi hesabna
veya iúveren
Self employed
or employer
Ücretsiz
aile
iúçisi
Unpaid
family
worker
419
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
958
513
26
6- 14
320
109
7
204
15-17
638
404
19
215
Erkek - Males
632
350
20
262
6- 14
207
70
5
132
15-17
425
280
15
130
Kadn - Females
326
163
6
157
6- 14
113
39
2
72
15-17
213
124
4
85
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
457
355
16
86
6- 14
116
67
5
44
15-17
341
288
11
42
Erkek - Males
337
251
13
73
6- 14
85
47
3
35
15-17
252
204
10
38
Kadn - Females
120
103
3
13
6- 14
31
20
2
9
15-17
89
83
1
4
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
501
158
10
333
6- 14
204
42
2
160
15-17
297
116
8
173
Erkek - Males
295
98
7
190
6- 14
123
23
2
98
15-17
173
75
5
92
Kadn - Females
206
60
82
19
3
-
144
6- 14
15-17
124
41
3
81
63
51
51
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.6 øúteki durum, cinsiyet ve faaliyet koluna göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
Children engaged in economic activities by status in employment, sex and branch of economic activity
(Bin - Thousand)
øúteki durum ve cinsiyet
Status in employment and sex
Toplam
Total
Tarm
Agriculture
Sanayi
Industry
Ticaret
Trade
Hizmet
Services
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
Ücretli, maaúl veya yevmiyeli
Kendi hesabna veya iúveren
Self employed or employer
Ücretsiz aile iúçisi - Unpaid family worker
958
393
272
205
88
513
78
243
119
72
26
420
4
311
6
23
7
79
8
7
Erkek - Males
632
203
186
175
67
350
29
170
99
52
20
262
3
172
2
14
6
69
8
7
Kadn - Females
326
190
85
30
20
163
50
73
20
20
6
157
1
139
3
9
1
9
0
-
Toplam - Total
457
32
212
151
62
355
20
191
92
51
16
86
12
4
16
6
52
6
5
337
14
145
129
49
251
7
130
76
38
13
73
7
2
13
5
48
5
5
120
18
67
22
14
104
13
62
16
13
3
13
5
1
4
1
5
0
-
KENT - URBAN
Erkek - Males
Kadn - Females
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
Erkek - Males
Kadn - Females
501
361
60
55
25
158
59
52
27
21
10
334
4
299
2
6
1
27
3
2
295
189
41
46
19
99
21
40
23
14
7
189
3
164
1
1
22
3
2
206
172
19
9
7
59
37
12
4
7
3
144
1
134
2
5
5
-
52
52
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
3.7 øúteki durum, cinsiyet ve yaplan iúe göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
Children engaged in economic activities by status in employment, sex and occupation
(Bin - Thousand)
USMS 88 - ISCO 88
Toplam
Total
Yüksek ve
düúük düzeyde
nitelik
gerektiren ve
el becerisine
dayal olmayan
Highly
or low skilled
non-manual
workers
Nitelik
gerektiren
el becerisine
dayal iúlerde
çalúanlar
Skilled manual
workers
Nitelik
gerektirmeyen
iúlerde
çalúanlar
Elementary
occupations
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
Erkek - Males
Kadn - Females
958
228
465
265
513
150
219
144
26
5
8
13
420
73
239
108
632
181
302
149
350
114
159
77
20
4
5
11
262
63
138
61
326
47
163
115
163
37
60
67
6
0
3
2
157
10
101
46
53
53
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.7 øúteki durum, cinsiyet ve yaplan iúe göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar (devam)
Children engaged in economic activities by status in employment, sex and occupation (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
USMS 88 - ISCO 88
Toplam
Total
Yüksek ve
düúük düzeyde
nitelik
gerektiren ve
el becerisine
dayal olmayan
Highly
or low skilled
non-manual
workers
Nitelik
gerektiren
el becerisine
dayal iúlerde
çalúanlar
Skilled manual
workers
Nitelik
gerektirmeyen
iúlerde
çalúanlar
Elementary
occupations
KENT - URBAN
457
168
190
98
355
118
167
70
16
4
2
10
86
47
21
18
337
132
140
64
251
87
121
43
13
3
2
8
73
42
17
14
120
36
50
34
104
31
46
27
3
0
0
2
13
5
4
4
Toplam - Total
Erkek - Males
Kadn - Females
54
54
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
3.7 øúteki durum, cinsiyet ve yaplan iúe göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar (devam)
Children engaged in economic activities by status in employment, sex and occupation (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
USMS 88 - ISCO 88
Toplam
Total
Yüksek ve
düúük düzeyde
nitelik
gerektiren ve
el becerisine
dayal olmayan
Highly
or low skilled
non-manual
workers
Nitelik
gerektiren
el becerisine
dayal iúlerde
çalúanlar
Skilled manual
workers
Nitelik
gerektirmeyen
iúlerde
çalúanlar
Elementary
occupations
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
Erkek - Males
Kadn - Females
501
60
275
166
158
32
52
74
10
1
6
3
334
27
217
89
295
49
162
85
99
26
38
34
7
1
3
3
189
21
121
47
206
12
113
81
59
6
14
40
3
-
3
-
144
4
97
42
55
55
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.8 Fiili çalúma süresi, cinsiyet ve faaliyet koluna göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
Children engaged in economic activities by actual hours worked, sex and branch of economic activity
(Bin - Thousand)
Fiili çalúma
süresi ve
cinsiyet
Actual hours
worked and sex
Toplam
Total
Tarm
Agriculture
Sanayi
Industry
Ticaret
Trade
Hizmet
Services
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
958
393
272
205
88
1-7
72
53
3
15
0
8 - 15
106
65
9
24
7
16 - 30
168
90
33
27
19
31 - 39
51
33
7
6
4
40 - 45
66
28
23
11
4
46 - 54
130
15
77
26
12
55 +
øúbaúnda olmayan
Not at work
345
94
120
93
39
20
15
0
3
2
632
203
186
175
67
42
28
3
12
0
8 - 15
68
34
5
22
7
16 - 30
106
46
25
22
14
31 - 39
36
21
6
6
3
40 - 45
37
15
11
9
2
46 - 54
91
6
52
23
10
238
45
85
79
29
14
9
0
3
2
326
190
85
30
20
1-7
30
25
1
4
-
8 - 15
38
31
4
2
1
16 - 30
61
44
8
4
5
31 - 39
15
12
1
0
1
40 - 45
29
13
12
2
2
46 - 54
39
9
25
3
2
108
49
35
14
10
7
6
-
1
-
Erkek - Males
1-7
55 +
Not at work
Kadn - Females
55 +
Not at work
56
56
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
3.8 Fiili çalúma süresi, cinsiyet ve faaliyet koluna göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar (devam)
Children engaged in economic activities by actual hours worked, sex and branch of economic activity (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
Fiili çalúma
süresi ve
cinsiyet
Actual hours
worked and sex
Toplam
Total
Tarm
Agriculture
Sanayi
Industry
Ticaret
Trade
Hizmet
Services
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
457
32
212
151
63
1-7
19
4
3
12
0
8 - 15
29
4
5
15
4
16 - 30
61
4
22
20
15
31 - 39
17
2
6
5
4
40 - 45
31
2
19
9
2
46 - 54
89
3
59
17
10
203
10
96
72
25
7
3
-
1
2
337
14
145
129
49
1-7
14
2
3
9
0
8 - 15
24
3
4
13
3
16 - 30
46
2
17
16
11
31 - 39
14
1
5
5
3
40 - 45
18
0
9
8
1
46 - 54
62
-
39
15
8
154
4
68
62
20
5
2
-
1
2
120
18
67
22
14
1-7
5
1
1
3
-
8 - 15
5
2
1
1
1
16 - 30
16
2
5
4
5
31 - 39
3
1
1
-
1
40 - 45
13
1
10
1
1
46 - 54
27
3
20
2
2
55 +
Not at work
49
6
28
10
4
2
1
-
1
-
55 +
Not at work
Erkek - Males
55 +
Not at work
Kadn - Females
57
57
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.8 Fiili çalúma süresi, cinsiyet ve faaliyet koluna göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar (devam)
Children engaged in economic activities by actual hours worked, sex and branch of economic activity (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
Fiili çalúma
süresi ve
cinsiyet
Actual hours
worked and sex
Toplam
Total
Tarm
Agriculture
Sanayi
Industry
Ticaret
Trade
Hizmet
Services
60
54
25
KIR- RURAL
Toplam - Total
501
361
1-7
53
50
-
3
-
8 - 15
77
61
4
9
3
16 - 30
106
86
11
7
3
31 - 39
33
31
1
1
0
40 - 45
35
27
4
2
2
46 - 54
41
12
17
9
3
143
84
23
21
14
14
11
0
2
-
55 +
Not at work
Erkek - Males
295
189
41
46
19
1-7
28
25
-
3
-
8 - 15
44
32
1
8
3
16 - 30
61
44
8
6
3
31 - 39
21
20
1
1
-
40 - 45
19
15
2
1
1
46 - 54
29
6
13
7
3
55 +
Not at work
84
41
17
17
9
9
7
0
2
-
Kadn - Females
206
172
19
9
7
1-7
25
24
-
1
-
8 - 15
33
29
3
1
-
16 - 30
46
42
3
0
0
31 - 39
12
11
-
0
0
40 - 45
16
12
2
1
1
46 - 54
12
6
5
2
-
55 +
Not at work
59
43
7
4
5
5
5
-
-
-
58
58
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
3.9 Fiili çalúma süresi, cinsiyet ve iúteki duruma göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
Children engaged in economic activities by actual hours worked, sex and status in employment
(Bin - Thousand)
Fiili çalúma
süresi ve
cinsiyet
Actual hours
worked and sex
Toplam
Total
Ücretli veya
yevmiyeli
Regular or casual
employee
Kendi hesabna
veya iúveren
Self employed
or meployer
Ücretsiz
aile iúçisi
Unpaid family
worker
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
958
513
26
420
1-7
72
2
2
69
8 - 15
106
17
3
86
16 - 30
168
63
5
100
31 - 39
51
15
4
31
40 - 45
66
34
2
30
46 - 54
130
116
3
11
55 +
Not at work
345
258
6
82
20
9
0
11
632
350
20
262
42
2
-
41
8 - 15
68
14
3
51
16 - 30
106
43
3
60
31 - 39
36
12
4
20
40 - 45
37
19
0
17
46 - 54
91
78
3
10
238
175
6
57
14
7
0
7
326
163
6
157
Erkek - Males
1-7
55 +
øú baúnda olmayan
Persons not at work
Kadn - Females
1-7
30
-
2
28
8 - 15
38
3
0
34
16 - 30
61
19
2
40
31 - 39
15
3
-
11
40 - 45
29
15
1
13
46 - 54
39
38
-
1
108
83
0
25
7
2
-
5
55 +
Persons not at work
Not.: 5 bin kiúiden az de÷erlerde örnek büyüklü÷ü
59
59
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.9 Fiili çalúma süresi, cinsiyet ve iúteki duruma göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar (devam)
Children engaged in economic activities by actual hours worked, sex and status in employment (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
Fiili çalúma
süresi ve
cinsiyet
Actual hours
worked and sex
Toplam
Total
Ücretli veya
yevmiyeli
Regular or casual
employee
Kendi hesabna
veya iúveren
Self employed
or meployer
Ücretsiz
aile iúçisi
Unpaid family
worker
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
457
355
16
86
1-7
19
2
2
16
8 - 15
29
9
2
18
16 - 30
61
41
3
18
31 - 39
18
12
2
3
40 - 45
31
27
-
5
46 - 54
89
83
3
4
203
175
4
24
7
6
0
-
337
251
13
73
1-7
14
2
-
12
8 - 15
24
8
1
14
16 - 30
46
29
2
14
31 - 39
15
10
2
2
40 - 45
18
14
-
4
55 +
Not at work
Erkek - Males
46 - 54
55 +
øú
t baúnda olmayan
Persons not at work
Kadn - Females
62
56
3
3
154
128
4
22
5
4
0
-
120
104
3
13
1-7
5
-
2
3
8 - 15
5
1
0
4
16 - 30
16
12
0
4
31 - 39
3
2
-
1
40 - 45
13
12
-
1
46 - 54
27
27
-
0
55 +
Persons not at work
49
47
0
1
2
2
-
-
60
60
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
3.9 Fiili çalúma süresi, cinsiyet ve iúteki duruma göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar (devam)
Children engaged in economic activities by actual hours worked, sex and status in employment (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
Fiili çalúma
süresi ve
cinsiyet
Actual hours
worked and sex
Toplam
Total
Ücretli veya
yevmiyeli
Regular or casual
employee
Kendi hesabna
veya iúveren
Self employed
or meployer
Ücretsiz
aile iúçisi
Unpaid family
worker
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
501
158
10
334
1-7
53
-
-
53
8 - 15
77
8
2
68
16 - 30
106
21
2
83
31 - 39
33
3
2
28
40 - 45
35
7
2
25
46 - 54
41
33
-
7
143
83
2
58
14
3
-
11
295
99
7
189
1-7
28
-
-
28
8 - 15
44
6
2
37
16 - 30
61
14
1
46
31 - 39
21
2
2
18
40 - 45
19
5
0
13
46 - 54
29
22
-
6
55 +
Persons not at work
84
47
2
35
9
3
-
7
206
59
3
144
1-7
25
-
-
25
8 - 15
33
2
-
31
16 - 30
46
8
1
37
31 - 39
12
1
-
11
40 - 45
16
2
1
12
46 - 54
12
11
-
1
55 +
Persons not at work
59
35
-
24
5
-
-
5
55 +
Not at work
Erkek - Males
Kadn - Females
61
61
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.10 Aylk gelir grubu, cinsiyet ve ekonomik faaliyet koluna göre gelir elde eden çocuklar
(ücretli, yevmiyeli, kendi hesabna veya iúveren) - Income recipient children (regular or casual
employee, self employed or employer) by monthly income groups, sex and branch of economic activity
(Bin - Thousand)
Aylk gelir grubu (YTL)
ve cinsiyet
Monthly income
group (TRY) and sex
Ekonomik faaliyet kolu - Branch of economic activty
Toplam
Total
Tarm
Agriculture
Sanayi
Industry
Ticaret
Trade
Hizmet
Services
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
0 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 300
301 - 400
401 +
538
139
141
104
99
56
82
30
21
22
3
6
249
41
61
48
68
31
126
36
33
23
22
12
81
31
26
11
7
6
Erkek - Males
0 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 300
301 - 400
401 +
370
101
101
66
62
39
32
13
7
9
1
1
172
35
47
29
39
21
106
30
27
20
17
11
60
23
20
8
5
5
Kadn - Females
0 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 300
301 - 400
401 +
169
38
40
37
37
17
51
17
14
13
2
5
77
6
14
19
28
10
21
7
6
3
5
0
20
8
6
2
2
2
Toplam - Total
0 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 300
301 - 400
401 +
371
87
103
66
76
38
20
9
6
3
1
-
195
32
49
37
52
26
98
26
28
19
19
6
57
20
20
8
4
6
Erkek - Males
0 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 300
301 - 400
401 +
264
67
78
46
47
27
7
4
2
1
1
-
132
28
38
23
27
17
81
21
23
16
15
5
44
15
14
7
3
4
Kadn - Females
0 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 300
301 - 400
401 +
107
20
25
21
30
11
13
6
4
3
0
-
63
4
10
14
25
9
17
5
5
3
4
0
14
5
5
1
0
2
Toplam - Total
0 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 300
301 - 400
401 +
168
52
38
37
23
18
62
21
15
19
1
6
54
10
12
11
16
5
28
10
5
5
2
6
23
11
6
3
3
0
Erkek - Males
0 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 300
301 - 400
401 +
106
34
24
21
16
12
25
10
5
8
1
40
8
9
7
12
4
25
9
4
4
2
6
17
8
6
2
1
0
62
18
15
17
7
5
38
11
9
11
1
5
14
2
3
4
4
1
4
1
1
1
1
-
7
3
1
1
2
-
KENT - KIR
KIR - RURAL
Kadn - Females
0 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 300
301 - 400
401 +
62
62
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
3.11 øúteki durum, cinsiyet ve iúyeri durumuna göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar
Children engaged in economic activities by employment status, sex and type of work place
(Bin - Thousand)
øúyeri durumu - Location of workplace
Toplam
Total
Tarla, bahçe
Land, garden
Düzenli iúyeri
Fixed place
Seyyar, sabit
olmayan
iúyeri veya
pazar yeri
Mobile,
irregular or
market place
Evde
At home
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
Erkek - Males
Kadn - Females
958
380
508
59
11
513
75
412
25
1
26
4
5
13
4
420
301
91
21
6
632
192
382
56
1
350
24
301
24
-
20
3
5
12
-
262
165
77
20
1
326
188
126
3
10
163
50
111
1
1
6
1
0
1
4
157
137
14
1
5
63
63
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.11 øúteki durum, cinsiyet ve iúyeri durumuna göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar (devam)
Children engaged in economic activities by employment status, sex and location of work place (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
Toplam
Total
Tarla, bahçe
Land, garden
Düzenli iúyeri
Fixed place
Seyyar, sabit
olmayan
iúyeri veya
pazar yeri
Mobile,
irregular or
market place
Evde
At home
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
457
31
385
36
5
355
19
321
14
1
16
-
4
10
2
86
12
60
12
2
337
13
289
33
1
251
6
231
14
-
13
-
4
9
-
73
7
54
11
1
120
18
96
2
4
104
13
90
1
1
3
-
0
1
2
13
5
6
1
1
Erkek - Males
Kadn - Females
64
64
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
3.11 øúteki durum, cinsiyet ve iúyeri durumuna göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklar (devam)
Children engaged in economic activities by employment status, sex and location of work place (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
Toplam
Total
Tarla, bahçe
Land, garden
Düzenli iúyeri
Fixed place
Seyyar, sabit
olmayan
iúyeri veya
pazar yeri
Mobile,
irregular or
market place
Evde
At home
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
Erkek - Males
Kadn - Females
501
349
123
23
6
158
56
91
11
0
10
4
1
3
2
334
289
31
9
4
295
179
93
23
1
99
18
70
11
-
7
3
1
3
-
189
158
22
9
1
206
170
30
0
6
59
38
21
-
0
3
1
-
-
2
144
132
8
0
4
65
65
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.12 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve nedene göre okula hiç gitmemiú veya okulu yarda brakmú çocuklar
Children who have never attended or dropped out school by age group, sex and main reason
(Bin - Thousand)
Okula gitmeme veya okulu yarda brakmann esas nedeni
Main reason for not going or dropping out the school
Yaú grubu ve
cinsiyet
Age group and
sex
Yaúnn
uygun
olmamas
Too
Toplam
Total young/old
Hasta
veya
özürlü
olmas
Disabled/
ilness
Ailenin
okula
Okul gitmesimasrafne izin
larn vermekarúlamesi
Okulun
Family
çok uzak yamama
Can't does not
olmas
afford
School is
allow
too far schooling schooling
Derslerde
Hanehalk
baúarsz
fertlerine
olmas/
ev
okula
iúlerinde
Okula
ilgi
yardm
duyma- gitmenin
etmek
Çalúmak
mas yararna
zorunda
zorunda
Okulun
Poor in inanmaolmas
olmas
mas emniyetli
studies/
Help at
not School not olmamas To work in home with
economic household
School
inerested considered
activities
not safe
valuable
in school
chores
Di÷er
Other
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
6 - 14
15 - 17
Erkek - Males
2 492
298
133
78
559
348
383
130
14
79
35
945
287
88
43
194
131
63
27
8
22
6
435
76
1 546
11
45
35
365
217
320
103
7
57
29
358
197
1 027
146
72
17
194
42
227
77
5
46
6
6 - 14
370
141
46
9
67
22
31
9
2
10
0
32
15 - 17
658
5
26
7
126
20
196
68
3
36
6
164
238
Kadn - Females
1 464
151
61
61
366
306
156
53
10
33
30
6 - 14
576
146
42
33
127
110
32
18
6
12
6
44
15 - 17
888
5
19
28
239
196
124
35
4
21
24
194
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
6 - 14
15 - 17
Erkek - Males
6 - 14
15 - 17
1 265
171
79
12
252
103
217
76
7
49
16
283
460
167
57
5
87
31
30
14
3
15
3
49
805
5
22
7
165
72
186
62
4
34
13
235
595
91
45
2
101
8
130
46
3
29
3
137
209
89
32
2
38
4
11
4
1
7
0
20
386
2
13
1
63
4
118
42
2
21
3
117
670
80
34
10
151
95
87
29
4
20
13
146
6 - 14
251
77
24
4
50
27
19
9
2
7
3
29
15 - 17
418
3
9
6
102
68
68
20
2
12
10
118
166
54
7
30
20
152
Kadn - Females
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
1 227
127
54
65
307
245
6 - 14
485
121
31
37
107
100
33
13
5
7
3
28
15 - 17
741
6
23
28
200
145
133
41
3
23
16
124
432
55
27
14
92
34
97
31
2
17
3
60
6 - 14
161
52
14
8
30
17
20
5
1
3
0
12
15 - 17
271
3
13
7
63
17
77
26
1
14
3
48
794
71
27
51
215
211
69
24
5
13
17
92
6 - 14
325
69
17
29
78
83
13
8
4
5
3
16
15 - 17
470
3
10
21
137
128
56
15
2
9
14
76
Erkek - Males
Kadn - Females
66
66
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
3.13 Hanehalk büyüklü÷ü, cinsiyet, okula devam ve çalúma durumuna göre çocuklar
Children by household size, sex, educational attendance and type of work
(Bin - Thousand)
Hanehalk
büyüklü÷ü
ve cinsiyet
Household
size and sex
Genel
toplam
General
total
Toplam
Total
Ev
Ekonomik
faaliyetlerde iúlerinde
Persons ÇalúmaPersons
yan
Not
domestic
economic
Toplam
working
chores
activity
Total
Ev
Ekonomik
yan
Not
domestic
economic
Toplam Toplam
working
chores
activity
Total
Total
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
16 264
13 772
6 198
302
5 896
7 574
2 492
1 762
656
1 106
730
3 ve daha az
Less than 3
1 619
1 403
757
27
730
646
216
156
58
98
60
4
4 633
4 195
2 143
83
2 060
2 052
438
296
116
180
142
5
3 737
3 260
1 588
83
1 505
1 672
477
342
150
192
135
6
2 385
1 999
854
43
811
1 145
386
279
107
172
107
7
1 359
1 072
339
24
315
733
287
201
67
134
86
8+
2 531
1 844
518
43
475
1 326
687
488
158
330
199
8 194
7 166
2 749
220
2 529
4 417
1 028
598
413
185
430
866
761
378
20
358
383
105
65
38
27
40
4
2 475
2 265
1 012
59
953
1 253
210
128
81
47
82
5
1 863
1 649
686
58
628
963
214
136
101
35
78
6
1 166
1 000
349
32
317
651
166
103
69
34
63
7
640
544
133
19
114
411
96
47
36
11
49
1 184
947
190
31
159
757
237
120
88
32
117
8 071
6 606
3 449
82
3 367
3 157
1 465
1 165
244
921
300
754
643
380
8
372
263
111
91
20
71
20
4
2 157
1 929
1 130
23
1 107
799
228
169
36
133
59
5
1 874
1 611
902
24
878
709
263
206
49
157
57
6
1 219
999
505
11
494
494
220
176
39
137
44
7
717
526
204
4
200
322
191
154
31
123
37
1 349
897
328
12
316
569
452
369
70
299
82
Erkek - Males
3 ve daha az
Less than 3
8+
Kadn - Females
3 ve daha az
Less than 3
8+
67
67
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.13 Hanehalk büyüklü÷ü, cinsiyet, okula devam ve çalúma durumuna göre çocuklar (devam)
Children by household size, sex, educational attendance and type of work (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
Hanehalk
büyüklü÷ü
ve cinsiyet
Household
size and sex
Genel
toplam
General
total
Toplam
Total
Ev
Ekonomik
Persons
Persons Çalúmaengaged in engaged in
yan
economic domestic
Not
Toplam
chores
activity
working
Total
Ev
Ekonomik
Persons
Persons
domestic
economic
Toplam Toplam
chores
activity
Total
Total
Çalúmayan
Not
working
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
9 900
8 635
4 125
129
3 996
4 510
1 265
854
327
527
411
3 ve daha az
Less than 3
1 111
987
528
14
514
459
124
85
25
60
39
4
3 301
3 042
1 560
40
1 520
1 482
259
164
61
103
95
5
2 390
2 119
1 088
34
1 054
1 031
271
188
90
98
83
6
1 303
1 100
473
14
459
627
203
139
56
83
64
7
714
576
204
12
192
372
138
90
29
61
48
1 082
811
271
14
257
540
271
188
66
122
83
5 099
4 504
1 875
103
1 772
2 629
595
348
234
114
247
601
534
272
12
260
262
67
39
19
20
28
4
1 789
1 653
745
31
714
908
136
79
47
32
57
5
1 207
1 070
487
26
461
583
137
90
68
22
47
6
633
537
184
11
173
353
96
59
42
17
37
7
352
298
82
10
72
216
54
26
19
7
28
8+
516
411
104
13
91
307
105
55
39
16
50
4 802
4 132
2 250
26
2 224
1 882
670
506
94
412
164
513
454
257
3
254
197
59
47
7
40
12
4
1 511
1 389
815
9
806
574
122
85
14
71
37
5
1 184
1 050
602
9
593
448
134
98
22
76
36
6
670
563
289
3
286
274
107
80
14
66
27
7
362
278
122
2
120
156
84
64
10
54
20
8+
566
400
167
1
166
233
166
133
27
106
33
8+
Erkek - Males
3 ve daha az
Less than 3
Kadn - Females
3 ve daha az
Less than 3
68
68
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
3.13 Hanehalk büyüklü÷ü, cinsiyet, okula devam ve çalúma durumuna göre çocuklar (devam)
Children by household size, sex, educational attendance and type of work (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
Hanehalk
büyüklü÷ü
ve cinsiyet
Household
size and sex
Genel
toplam
General
total
Toplam
Total
Ekonomik
Ev
yan
domestic
economic
Not
Toplam
chores
activity
working
Total
Ev
Ekonomik
Persons
Persons
domestic
economic
Toplam Toplam
chores
activity
Total
Total
Çalúmayan
Not
working
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
6 363
5 136
2 072
173
1 900
3 064
1 227
909
329
580
318
3 ve daha az
Less than 3
507
416
229
13
216
187
91
70
32
38
21
4
1 331
1 152
582
42
540
570
179
132
55
77
47
5
1 346
1 140
499
48
451
641
206
154
60
94
52
6
1 080
898
380
28
352
518
182
139
51
88
43
7
645
496
135
12
123
361
149
111
38
73
38
1 451
1 033
247
29
218
786
418
301
92
209
117
8+
Erkek - Males
3 093
2 661
873
116
757
1 788
432
250
179
71
182
3 ve daha az
Less than 3
265
227
106
8
98
121
38
25
19
6
13
4
685
612
267
28
239
345
73
48
33
15
25
5
655
579
199
33
166
380
76
46
33
13
30
6
533
463
165
21
144
298
70
44
27
17
26
7
290
247
52
9
43
195
43
22
18
4
21
8+
668
536
86
18
68
450
132
65
49
16
67
Kadn - Females
3 269
2 475
1 199
56
1 143
1 276
794
658
150
509
136
3 ve daha az
Less than 3
242
189
123
5
118
66
53
45
13
32
8
4
645
540
315
14
301
225
105
83
21
62
22
5
692
563
301
16
285
262
129
108
27
81
21
6
549
437
217
8
209
220
112
95
24
71
17
7
355
248
82
2
80
166
107
90
21
69
17
8+
784
498
162
11
151
336
286
236
43
193
50
69
69
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.14 Hanehalk reislerinin e÷itim durumu, okula devam ve çalúma durumuna göre çocuklar
Children by educational status of household head, sex, educational attendance and type of work
(Bin - Thousand)
Hanehalk reisinin egitim
durumu ve çocu÷un cinsiyeti
Educational status of household
head and sex of children
Ekonomik
faaliyetlerde
Persons
engaged in
economic
Toplam Toplam
activity
Total
Total
Ev
iúlerinde
Persons
engaged Çalúmain
yan
domestic
Not
chores
working
Ev
Ekonomik iúlerinde
faaliyetlerde Persons
Persons engaged Çalúmain
engaged in
yan
economic domestic
Not
Toplam Toplam
chores working
activity
Total
Total
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
Okuma yazma bilmeyen
Illiterate
Okuma yazma bilen fakat
bir okul bitirmeyen
Literate but no school completed
ølkokul mezunu
Primary school graduate
ølkö÷retim, ortaokul veya
dengi meslek okul mezunu
Primary education, junior high
school or equivalent
vocational school graduate
Genel lise ve dengi meslek
okul mezunu
High school or vocational
school at high school level graduate
Yüksek ö÷retim
Higher education graduate
Erkek - Males
Illiterate
bir okul bitirmeyen
ølkokul mezunu
okul mezunu
Yüksek ö÷retim
Kadn - Females
Illiterate
bir okul bitirmeyen
ølkokul mezunu
okul mezunu
Yüksek ö÷retim
13 772
6 198
302
5 896
7 574
2 492
1 762
656
1 106
730
974
323
27
296
651
391
270
92
178
121
814
307
23
284
507
299
214
80
134
85
7 410
3 402
192
3 210
4 008
1 413
1 021
419
602
392
2 686
1 253
46
1 207
1 433
281
200
56
144
81
1 290
647
11
636
643
82
45
7
38
37
597
264
2
262
333
28
13
3
10
15
7 165
2 749
220
2 529
4 417
1 027
598
413
185
430
522
128
22
106
394
151
76
55
21
75
453
130
21
109
323
112
61
44
17
51
3 854
1 496
128
1 368
2 358
594
369
267
102
225
1 354
565
38
527
789
121
72
39
33
49
675
308
9
299
367
37
15
5
10
22
307
120
1
119
187
14
6
3
3
8
6 607
3 449
82
3 367
3 157
1 465
1 165
244
921
300
453
196
6
190
257
240
194
37
157
46
362
178
2
176
184
187
153
36
117
34
3 554
1 905
64
1 841
1 649
819
652
152
500
167
1 331
687
7
680
644
160
128
17
111
32
615
339
2
337
276
46
31
2
29
15
290
144
1
143
146
13
7
0
7
6
güvenilir tahminler için yeterli de÷il
70
70
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
3.14 Hanehalk reislerinin e÷itim durumu, okula devam ve çalúma durumuna göre çocuklar (devam)
Children by educational status of household head, sex, educational attendance and type of work (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
Ekonomik
faaliyetlerde
Persons
engaged in
economic
Toplam Toplam
activity
Total
Total
Ev
iúlerinde
Persons
yan
domestic
Not
chores
working
Ev
Ekonomik iúlerinde
engaged in
yan
economic domestic
Not
Toplam Toplam
chores working
activity
Total
Total
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
Illiterate
bir okul bitirmeyen
ølkokul mezunu
okul mezunu
Yüksek ö÷retim
Erkek - Males
Illiterate
bir okul bitirmeyen
ølkokul mezunu
okul mezunu
Yüksek ö÷retim
Kadn - Females
Illiterate
bir okul bitirmeyen
ølkokul mezunu
okul mezunu
Yüksek ö÷retim
8 636
4 125
129
3 996
4 510
1 266
854
327
527
411
419
160
6
154
259
167
107
40
67
60
400
160
12
148
240
133
89
40
49
44
4 364
2 144
81
2 063
2 220
704
491
211
280
213
1 932
931
22
909
1 001
178
123
30
93
55
996
503
7
496
493
59
34
4
30
25
525
228
1
227
297
25
11
3
8
14
4 504
1 875
103
1 772
2 629
595
348
234
114
247
234
63
5
58
171
74
37
29
8
37
230
72
12
60
158
55
30
24
6
25
2 254
967
61
906
1 287
341
215
152
63
126
986
429
19
410
557
84
50
24
26
34
530
240
5
235
290
27
11
2
9
16
270
104
1
103
166
14
6
3
3
8
4 132
2 250
26
2 224
1 882
670
506
94
412
164
185
96
1
95
89
92
69
10
59
23
170
88
0
88
82
78
59
16
43
19
2 110
1 177
20
1 157
933
363
276
59
217
87
946
502
3
499
444
95
74
7
67
21
466
263
2
261
203
31
23
2
21
8
255
124
-
124
131
11
5
0
5
6
71
71
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.14 Hanehalk reislerinin e÷itim durumu, okula devam ve çalúma durumuna göre çocuklar (devam)
Children by educational status of household head, sex, educational attendance and type of work (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
Ekonomik
faaliyetlerde
Persons
engaged in
economic
Toplam Toplam
activity
Total
Total
Ev
iúlerinde
Persons
yan
domestic
Not
chores
working
Ev
Ekonomik iúlerinde
engaged in
yan
economic domestic
Not
Toplam Toplam
chores working
activity
Total
Total
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
Illiterate
bir okul bitirmeyen
ølkokul mezunu
okul mezunu
Yüksek ö÷retim
Erkek - Males
Illiterate
bir okul bitirmeyen
ølkokul mezunu
okul mezunu
Yüksek ö÷retim
Kadn - Females
Illiterate
bir okul bitirmeyen
ølkokul mezunu
okul mezunu
Yüksek ö÷retim
5 136
2 072
172
1 900
3 064
1 227
909
329
580
318
554
163
21
142
391
225
164
53
111
61
414
147
11
136
267
165
125
40
85
40
3 047
1 259
112
1 147
1 788
709
530
208
322
179
754
322
23
299
432
103
77
26
51
26
295
145
4
141
150
23
11
3
8
12
73
36
1
35
37
2
2
-
2
0
2 661
873
116
757
1 788
432
250
179
71
182
286
63
16
47
223
77
39
26
13
38
223
59
10
49
164
57
31
20
11
26
1 600
529
67
462
1 071
253
154
115
39
99
369
137
20
117
232
38
24
16
8
14
145
68
4
64
77
9
4
3
1
5
38
17
-
17
21
-
-
-
-
-
2 475
1 199
56
1 143
1 276
794
659
150
509
136
268
100
5
95
168
148
125
27
98
23
191
88
1
87
103
109
94
20
74
15
1 446
730
45
685
716
456
376
93
283
80
385
185
4
181
200
65
54
10
44
11
150
77
1
76
73
15
8
-
8
7
34
19
1
18
15
2
2
-
2
0
72
72
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
Children engaged in economic activities by branch of economic activity and educational status of
household head
(Bin - Thousand)
Hanehalk reisinin e÷itim durumu ve
çocu÷un cinsiyeti
Educational status of household head and
sex of children
Tarm
Agriculture
Sanayi
Industry
Ticaret
Trade
Hizmet
Services
958
393
272
205
88
Okuma yazma bilmeyen - Illiterate
Okuma yazma bilen fakat bir okul bitirmeyen
120
63
30
20
7
103
46
31
17
9
ølkokul mezunu - Primary school graduate
ølkö÷retim, ortaokul veya dengi meslek okul mezunu
Primary education, junior high school or equivalent
Genel lise ve dengi meslek okul mezunu
High school or vocational school at high school level graduate
611
248
177
123
63
102
30
26
37
8
Toplam
Total
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
Yüksek ö÷retim - Higher education graduate
Erkek - Males
Kadn - Females
18
4
8
5
1
5
1
0
3
-
632
203
186
175
67
77
33
21
19
5
65
26
16
15
7
395
121
124
102
47
78
20
20
31
7
14
2
6
5
1
4
1
-
3
-
326
190
85
30
20
43
30
9
1
2
38
20
14
2
1
216
127
53
21
16
24
10
7
6
1
4
1
2
0
0
1
1
0
-
-
73
73
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
(devam)
household head (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
çocu÷un cinsiyeti
sex of children
Tarm
Agriculture
Sanayi
Industry
Ticaret
Trade
Hizmet
Services
457
32
212
151
62
46
7
22
15
3
Toplam
Total
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
Erkek - Males
6
26
14
5
17
138
92
46
53
1
20
24
7
11
1
5
3
1
4
1
0
3
-
337
14
145
129
49
35
3
16
14
2
35
3
15
11
5
213
6
97
76
34
42
0
14
21
7
7
1
3
3
1
4
1
-
3
-
120
18
67
22
14
11
3
6
1
0
16
3
11
2
-
79
11
41
15
12
10
0
6
3
1
3
1
2
0
0
0
-
0
-
-
Kadn - Females
74
52
292
74
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
(devam)
household head (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
çocu÷un cinsiyeti
sex of children
Tarm
Agriculture
Sanayi
Industry
Ticaret
Trade
Hizmet
Services
501
361
60
55
25
74
57
8
5
4
Toplam
Total
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
Erkek - Males
51
40
4
4
3
319
231
39
32
17
49
30
6
12
1
7
3
3
2
-
1
1
-
-
-
295
189
41
46
19
42
30
5
5
3
30
23
1
4
2
182
115
27
26
13
35
19
5
10
1
7
2
3
2
-
206
172
19
9
7
32
27
3
0
1
Kadn - Females
21
17
3
-
1
138
116
12
6
4
14
10
1
3
0
1
1
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
75
75
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
3.16 Çalúma süresi, yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve okula devam etme durumuna göre ev iúlerinde
çalúan çocuklar
Children engaged in domestic chores by hours worked, age group, sex and educational attendance
(Bin - Thousand)
Çalúma süresi
ve cinsiyet
Hours worked
and sex
Ev iúlerinde
çalúan
çocuk
says
Number of
children
engaged in
household
chores
Okula devam eden
Attending school
Toplam
Total
6 - 14
Okula devam etmeyen
15 - 17
Toplam
Total
6 - 14
15 - 17
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
7 004
5 896
4 561
1 335
1 106
321
785
1-7
5 214
4 866
3 860
1 006
348
106
242
8 - 15
1 063
787
551
236
276
82
193
16 - 30
530
227
142
85
303
83
220
31 - 39
63
8
5
3
55
18
37
131
7
2
4
124
31
93
2 714
2 529
1 939
590
185
40
145
2 502
2 349
1 822
526
153
32
122
8 - 15
172
148
100
48
24
5
18
16 - 30
37
29
16
13
8
3
5
31 - 39
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
40 +
3
3
1
3
-
-
-
4 289
3 367
2 622
745
921
282
640
2 713
2 518
2 038
479
195
74
120
8 - 15
891
639
450
189
252
77
175
16 - 30
493
198
127
72
295
80
214
31 - 39
63
8
5
3
55
18
37
128
4
2
2
124
31
93
40 +
Erkek - Males
1-7
Kadn - Females
1-7
40 +
76
76
Tables, 2006
Tablolar, 2006
çalúan çocuklar (devam)
Children engaged in domestic chores by hours worked, age group, sex and educational
attendance (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
Çalúma süresi
ve cinsiyet
Hours worked
and sex
Ev iúlerinde
çalúan
çocuk
says
Number of
children
engaged in
household
chores
Okula devam eden
Attending school
Toplam
Total
6 - 14
Okula devam etmeyen
15 - 17
Toplam
Total
6 - 14
15 - 17
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
4 524
3 996
3 033
963
527
127
400
3 563
3 361
2 612
749
202
53
148
8 - 15
618
486
328
158
132
29
103
16 - 30
262
140
88
52
122
26
97
31 - 39
28
5
3
2
23
8
15
40 +
53
5
1
3
48
11
36
1 886
1 772
1 338
434
114
23
92
1 750
1 653
1 256
397
97
19
78
8 - 15
111
97
68
29
14
3
11
16 - 30
24
20
14
6
4
1
3
31 - 39
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4 289
2
1
1
-
-
-
2 636
2 224
1 695
530
412
104
308
1 811
1 707
1 356
351
104
34
70
8 - 15
508
389
260
129
119
27
92
16 - 30
239
120
74
46
119
25
94
31 - 39
28
5
3
2
23
8
15
40 +
51
3
1
2
48
11
36
1-7
Erkek - Males
1-7
40 +
Kadn - Females
1-7
77
77
Tablolar, 2006
Tables, 2006
çalúan çocuklar (devam)
Children engaged in domestic chores by hours worked, age group, sex and educational
attendance (continued)
(Bin - Thousand)
Çalúma süresi
ve cinsiyet
Hours worked
and sex
Ev iúlerinde
çalúan çocuk
says
Number of
children
engaged in
household
chores
Okula devam eden
Attending school
Toplam
Total
6 - 14
Okula devam etmeyen
15 - 17
Toplam
Total
6 - 14
15 - 17
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
2 480
1 900
1 528
372
580
194
385
1 653
1 506
1 249
257
147
53
94
8 - 15
445
301
223
79
144
53
91
16 - 30
267
87
54
34
180
58
123
31 - 39
34
3
2
1
31
10
21
40 +
80
2
1
1
78
21
57
828
757
601
156
71
17
54
1-7
751
695
566
129
56
12
44
8 - 15
61
51
33
18
10
3
7
16 - 30
13
9
2
7
4
2
2
31 - 39
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4 289
1
0
1
-
-
-
1 652
1 143
927
216
509
177
332
1-7
900
810
682
128
90
40
50
8 - 15
383
250
190
60
133
50
83
16 - 30
254
78
52
26
176
56
120
31 - 39
34
3
2
1
31
10
21
40 +
79
1
1
-
78
21
57
1-7
Erkek - Males
40 +
Kadn - Females
78
78
Appendix
Ek
4.1 Yaú grubu ve cinsiyete göre istihdama iliúkin standart hata de÷eri
Standard error in measuring employment by age group and sex
østihdam edilenler - Employed
Türkiye - Turkey
Yaú grubu ve cinsiyet
Age group and sex
Oran Standart
hata
tahmini
Ratio Standard
errors
estimation
(R)
(SE)
Kent - Urban
Tasarm
etkisi
Design
effect
(DEFT)
Oran Standart
tahmini
hata
Ratio Standard
estimation
errors
(R)
(SE)
Kr - Urban
Tasarm
etkisi
Design
effect
(DEFT)
Oran Standart
tahmini
hata
Ratio Standard
estimation
errors
(R)
(SE)
Tasarm
etkisi
Design
effect
(DEFT)
Toplam - Total
Toplam - Total (6-17)
5.891
0.202
1.458
4.613
0.196
1.285
7.879
0.420
1.571
2.567
0.161
1.511
1.548
0.154
1.484
4.103
0.331
1.485
16.846
0.544
1.204
14.197
0.612
1.189
21.413
1.053
1.218
18 - 24
38.147
0.540
1.288
35.514
0.587
1.185
43.272
1.085
1.397
25 - 34
56.189
0.398
1.119
55.203
0.404
0.961
58.278
0.898
1.350
35 - 54
53.439
0.365
1.298
48.508
0.365
1.076
62.325
0.778
1.588
55 +
21.529
0.482
1.578
11.798
0.364
1.178
33.027
0.944
1.705
7.715
0.293
1.330
6.604
0.300
1.190
9.547
0.602
1.444
3.299
0.226
1.348
2.214
0.234
1.366
4.991
0.451
1.303
22.280
0.846
1.176
19.890
0.897
1.087
27.014
1.803
1.285
18 - 24
53.826
0.820
1.276
50.758
0.914
1.197
60.229
1.609
1.370
25 - 34
84.517
0.466
1.232
85.091
0.479
1.095
83.272
1.049
1.412
35 - 54
79.934
0.392
1.216
78.347
0.448
1.124
82.835
0.747
1.367
55 +
33.533
0.650
1.274
21.610
0.652
1.138
47.771
1.158
1.356
4.039
0.221
1.341
2.499
0.197
1.203
6.301
0.463
1.371
1.823
0.176
1.368
0.852
0.137
1.230
3.237
0.385
1.366
11.337
0.644
1.203
7.815
0.679
1.203
16.640
1.220
1.158
18 - 24
23.906
0.637
1.284
21.039
0.653
1.139
29.154
1.338
1.421
25 - 34
26.920
0.592
1.358
23.884
0.631
1.270
33.212
1.276
1.476
35 - 54
26.456
0.514
1.477
17.804
0.455
1.251
41.821
1.154
1.660
55 +
10.780
0.463
1.458
2.931
0.255
1.146
19.968
0.944
1.455
6 - 14
15 - 17
Erkek - Males
6 - 14
15 - 17
Kadn - Females
6 - 14
15 - 17
79
79
Ek
Appendix
4.2 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve okula devam edenlere göre standart hata de÷eri
Standard error in measuring school attendance by age group and sex
In economic activity
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Oran Standart
tahmini
hata
Ratio Standard
estimation
errors
(R)
(SE)
Tasarm
etkisi
Design
effect
(DEFT)
Ev iúlerinde çalúanlar
In domestic chores
Oran Standart
tahmini
hata
Ratio Standard
estimation
errors
(R)
(SE)
Tasarm
etkisi
Design
effect
(DEFT)
Çalúmayanlar
Not working
Oran Standart
tahmini
hata
Ratio Standard
estimation
errors
(R)
(SE)
Tasarm
etkisi
Design
effect
(DEFT)
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
2.192
0.135
1.438
42.812
0.568
1.791
54.996
0.570
1.790
6 - 14
1.700
0.136
1.496
39.550
0.594
1.733
58.749
0.592
1.716
15 - 17
4.723
0.394
1.177
59.605
1.003
1.296
35.671
0.969
1.283
Erkek-Males
3.064
0.201
1.322
35.291
0.688
1.632
61.645
0.701
1.635
6 - 14
2.331
0.190
1.303
32.770
0.726
1.596
64.899
0.726
1.571
15 - 17
6.538
0.592
1.120
47.237
1.306
1.224
46.225
1.315
1.234
Kadn-Females
1.246
0.139
1.345
50.968
0.681
1.461
47.786
0.684
1.469
6 - 14
1.036
0.146
1.420
46.694
0.725
1.430
52.270
0.728
1.433
15 - 17
2.438
0.447
1.240
75.181
1.308
1.296
22.381
1.236
1.269
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
1.499
0.117
1.230
46.256
0.709
1.819
52.245
0.703
1.800
6 - 14
0.884
0.108
1.334
43.070
0.770
1.795
56.046
0.762
1.773
15 - 17
4.208
0.410
1.127
60.425
1.086
1.226
35.366
1.058
1.222
Erkek-Males
2.295
0.186
1.155
39.297
0.849
1.613
58.408
0.845
1.591
6 - 14
1.445
0.182
1.276
36.946
0.931
1.612
61.609
0.916
1.574
15 - 17
5.770
0.598
1.039
49.160
1.447
1.172
45.071
1.429
1.163
Kadn-Females
0.632
0.097
1.082
53.839
0.822
1.451
45.529
0.827
1.462
6 - 14
0.289
0.069
1.022
49.556
0.904
1.439
50.155
0.903
1.438
15 - 17
2.274
0.500
1.258
74.378
1.400
1.204
23.347
1.371
1.216
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
3.354
0.306
1.521
37.036
0.933
1.728
59.610
0.957
1.744
6 - 14
2.981
0.307
1.513
34.032
0.925
1.634
62.988
0.931
1.614
15 - 17
5.996
0.924
1.213
57.580
2.208
1.391
36.424
2.111
1.366
4.363
0.440
1.402
28.528
1.170
1.685
67.109
1.231
1.705
6 - 14
3.729
0.397
1.271
26.181
1.155
1.593
70.090
1.189
1.573
15 - 17
8.388
1.418
1.196
42.608
2.763
1.307
49.004
2.862
1.339
2.270
0.335
1.380
46.185
1.173
1.444
51.545
1.178
1.447
6 - 14
2.199
0.360
1.417
42.236
1.194
1.395
55.565
1.206
1.402
15 - 17
2.856
0.942
1.162
77.228
2.982
1.461
19.916
2.663
1.370
Erkek-Males
Kadn-Females
80
80
Appendix
Ek
4.3 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve okula devam etmeyenlere göre standart hata de÷eri
Standard error in measuring not school attendance by age group and sex
In economic activity
Çalúmaya
baúlama yaú
ve cinsiyet
Starting age
of work and sex
Oran Standart
tahmini
hata
Ratio Standard
estimation
errors
(R)
(SE)
Ev iúlerinde çalúanlar
In domestic chores
Tasarm
etkisi
Design
effect
(DEFT)
Oran Standart
tahmini
hata
Ratio Standard
estimation
errors
(R)
(SE)
Tasarm
etkisi
Design
effect
(DEFT)
Çalúmayanlar
Not working
Oran Standart
tahmini
hata
Ratio Standard
estimation
errors
(R)
(SE)
Tasarm
etkisi
Design
effect
(DEFT)
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
26.332
0.810
1.250
44.394
0.880
1.204
29.274
0.821
1.226
6 - 14
13.136
0.967
1.209
33.994
1.314
1.172
52.871
1.437
1.216
15 - 17
34.398
1.042
1.168
50.750
1.094
1.165
14.852
0.725
1.085
40.150
1.357
1.192
18.018
0.966
1.082
41.832
1.367
1.193
6 - 14
18.789
1.778
1.202
10.773
1.306
1.112
70.438
2.085
1.206
15 - 17
52.153
1.653
1.124
22.090
1.298
1.063
25.757
1.361
1.058
Erkek-Males
Kadn-Females
16.639
0.899
1.270
62.897
1.146
1.248
20.464
0.914
1.191
6 - 14
9.506
1.154
1.297
48.904
1.867
1.231
41.591
1.776
1.188
15 - 17
24.848
1.750
1.163
70.535
1.789
1.127
4.617
0.903
1.236
KENT - URBAN
Toplam - Total
25.858
1.065
1.203
41.616
1.174
1.178
32.526
1.148
1.212
6 - 14
11.708
1.278
1.187
27.646
1.621
1.082
60.645
1.971
1.205
15 - 17
33.934
1.378
1.148
49.635
1.474
1.163
16.432
0.986
1.050
39.247
1.579
1.076
19.161
1.187
1.003
41.592
1.633
1.103
6 - 14
15.533
1.837
1.018
10.912
1.659
1.068
73.554
2.273
1.034
15 - 17
52.033
1.982
1.053
23.717
1.723
1.075
24.250
1.665
1.031
Erkek-Males
Kadn-Females
13.963
1.196
1.263
61.564
1.633
1.229
24.473
1.405
1.196
6 - 14
8.525
1.654
1.308
41.575
2.631
1.179
49.900
2.744
1.213
15 - 17
52.153
1.653
1.124
22.090
1.298
1.063
25.757
1.361
1.058
KIR - RURAL
Toplam - Total
26.821
1.224
1.287
47.256
1.304
1.217
25.923
1.151
1.224
6 - 14
14.489
1.422
1.207
40.015
2.084
1.271
45.496
2.056
1.233
15 - 17
34.902
1.578
1.183
51.960
1.627
1.163
13.138
1.076
1.138
41.391
2.372
1.314
16.446
1.615
1.189
42.164
2.348
1.298
6 - 14
23.027
3.236
1.316
10.592
2.088
1.162
66.381
3.728
1.351
15 - 17
52.324
2.842
1.207
19.772
1.944
1.036
27.903
2.287
1.082
Erkek-Males
Kadn-Females
18.894
1.313
1.266
64.019
1.597
1.256
17.087
1.172
1.175
6 - 14
10.264
1.591
1.282
54.576
2.594
1.274
35.160
2.262
1.159
15 - 17
52.033
1.982
1.053
23.717
1.723
1.075
24.250
1.665
1.031
81
81
Ek
Appendix
4.4 Yaú grubu, cinsiyet ve sektörlere göre ekonomik faaliyetlerde çalúan çocuklara iliúkin standart hata de÷eri
Standard error in measuring children engaged in economic activity by age group, sex and economic activity
Tarm
Agriculture
Yaú grubu
ve cinsiyet
Age group
and sex
Oran Standart
hata
tahmini
Ratio Standard
estimation
errors
(R)
(SE)
Sanayi
Industry
Tasarm
etkisi
Design
effect
(DEFT)
Oran Standart
hata
tahmini
Ratio Standard
errors
estimation
(R)
(SE)
Ticaret
Trade
Tasarm
etkisi
Design
effect
(DEFT)
Oran Standart
tahmini
hata
Ratio Standard
errors
estimation
(SE)
(R)
Hizmet
Services
Tasarm
etkisi
Design
effect
(DEFT)
Oran Standart
hata
tahmini
Ratio Standard
errors
estimation
(SE)
(R)
Tasarm
etkisi
Design
effect
(DEFT)
TÜRKøYE - TURKEY
Toplam - Total
41.038
1.627
1.337
28.367
1.409
1.264
21.434
1.232
1.214
6-14
57.060
2.687
1.266
15.823
2.335
1.492
20.434
1.977
15-17
32.994
1.561
1.096
34.666
1.612
1.119
21.936
1.291
32.178
1.776
1.254
29.496
1.698
1.227
27.680
6-14
49.349
3.011
1.147
15.074
2.677
1.426
15-17
23.793
1.908
1.205
36.538
1.968
1.099
58.215
2.597
1.232
26.180
2.206
6-14
71.223
4.070
1.206
17.200
15-17
51.326
2.967
1.136
30.936
Erkek - Males
Kadn - Females
9.160
0.837
1.173
1.143
6.683
1.253
1.170
1.030
10.404
1.049
1.135
1.556
1.146
10.647
1.116
1.192
26.535
2.552
1.101
9.042
1.761
1.170
28.238
1.737
1.037
11.431
1.391
1.176
1.174
9.326
1.392
1.119
6.279
1.213
1.170
3.482
1.238
9.227
2.279
1.057
2.350
1.105
0.979
2.629
1.088
9.378
1.675
1.099
8.360
1.769
1.223
KENT - URBAN
Toplam-Total
7.030
1.198
1.350
46.340
2.220
1.282
32.975
1.947
1.193
13.656
1.338
1.123
6-14
15.367
3.110
1.282
35.735
5.324
1.652
36.729
3.876
1.195
12.169
2.337
1.062
15-17
4.208
0.742
0.910
49.874
2.306
1.136
31.741
2.020
1.069
14.177
1.562
1.104
Erkek-Males
4.210
0.870
1.079
43.082
2.453
1.233
38.227
2.220
1.138
14.481
1.621
1.147
6-14
12.999
2.937
1.128
30.731
5.610
1.571
41.823
4.364
1.143
14.447
2.829
1.040
15-17
1.273
0.498
0.943
47.123
2.582
1.098
37.086
2.356
1.036
14.517
1.899
1.145
14.943
2.808
1.139
55.481
3.640
1.059
18.236
2.800
1.048
11.339
2.380
1.085
6-14
21.754
5.932
1.047
49.231
8.051
1.172
22.989
6.019
1.041
6.027
2.940
0.899
15-17
12.541
2.425
0.911
57.686
3.988
1.005
16.560
3.156
1.057
13.213
3.004
1.104
Kadn-Females
KIR - RURAL
Toplam-Total
72.022
2.279
1.439
11.993
1.317
1.149
10.919
1.517
1.379
5.065
1.015
1.312
6-14
80.635
2.935
15-17
65.991
2.641
1.333
4.564
1.422
1.222
11.220
2.107
1.198
3.581
1.433
1.384
1.224
17.233
1.963
1.141
10.697
1.386
0.985
6.080
1.354
1.244
64.070
2.959
1.332
14.003
1.790
1.113
15.652
2.190
1.301
6.274
1.486
1.323
6-14
15-17
74.294
3.650
1.166
4.329
1.385
0.951
16.044
3.064
1.166
5.333
2.261
1.405
56.635
3.688
1.225
21.101
2.790
1.126
15.335
2.243
1.025
6.929
1.964
1.273
83.421
2.889
1.426
9.112
2.209
1.409
4.135
1.410
1.300
3.332
1.296
1.325
6-14
90.193
3.618
1.366
4.917
2.782
1.444
3.950
2.020
1.164
0.940
0.946
1.100
15-17
78.980
3.809
1.355
11.863
3.063
1.373
4.257
1.663
1.193
4.900
2.082
1.398
Erkek-Males
Kadn-Females
82
82

Çalışan Çocuklar Raporu (TUİK-2006)

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