The Road to Electrical Vehicle and Hybrid Evolution in Turkey

The Road to Electrical Vehicle and
Hybrid Evolution in Turkey
Prof. Dr. R. Nejat TUNCAY
OKAN University & MEKATRO R&D Company
Istanbul, Turkey
November 18, 2015
Why What Happened between 1890 and 1920 ?

WHY then numbers of electric cars sold were higher
than gasoline types ?
NewYork Taxi
Electric Carriage and Wagon
Company
EVs had following superiorities at that time
 Self starting
 No gear change problems
 Less vibrations
 No petrol smelling
 Less noise
 Cost advantage
How EVs disappeared in the following
years ?
 Mass production of ICE driven vehicles
 Better Technical quality
 Cost reduction
 New petrol fields discovered and petrol prices
went down
 New roads constructed and long distance travelling
became possible
What is happening now ?
 Global warming problem, CO2 and NOx emissions
 Technical advances on power electronics, electrical
machines and control technology
 Technical advances on battery technology
 Improvement of material & design technology
 Cost reductions
Mtoe
World Energy Demand (IEA)
18 000
Other Renewables
16 000
Biomass
14 000
Hydro
12 000
Nuclear
10 000
8 000
Natural Gas
6 000
Petrol
4 000
Coal
2 000
0
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
Why Electric Vehicles?
Enevate Final Report 2013
Targeted Opportunities:
Customer Needs
Estimation of EVs and HEVs sales
Reference, Asst. Prof. Dr. Murat Yılmaz, Elsevier Renewable & Sustainable Energy Review,52,2015 pp 80-99
Electromobility influences a lot of components
Power Train:
Electric Machine, Electric Generator,
Clutch, Gear Box, Braking System, …
Architectur:
BUS, CAN Systems …
Human Car Interface:
Car Body:
New Control Concepts, HMI,
Range Analysis …
New Car Concepts, Lightweight
Constructions, NVH,
Aerodynamics
Energy Systems:
Infrastructure:
Li-Ionen Batteries, Flywheel,
Fuel-Cell, SuperCaps …
Fast Charging and Battery
Swapping …
Thermal Control:
Air Conditioning, electric Heating ,
Cooling for Battery, Power
Electronics, E-Motor …
Power Electronics:
Inverter, Converter, ECU,
Charging Management …
Auxiliaries:
Power Steering, Accessory
Power, electric Compressors
TURKISH CAR INDUSTRY
Many of the world’s largest car brands have
manufacturing facilities in Turkey, some even with
separate R&D centres.
Automotive Industry is the sixth largest in Europa.
Total vehicles and passenger cars production in Turkey
are 1.218.848 and 733.439 respectively.
74 % of manufactured vehicles and 79 % of manufactured
passenger cars are exported.
DOMESTIC DEMAND
Approximately 16 million cars on the road in Turkey
today.
Domestic demand is also high, increasing from 115 per
thousand people in 2004 to 233 in 2014.
 Just 400 are HEV or EVs are on the road.
It should be discussed why HEV and EVs market share
is so low in Turkey.
Doblo Series Hybrid EV project in 2001 at Marmara
Research Centre is first attempt in Turkey.
There have been various research activities then.
Electrical version of Renault Fluence Z.E was the first
EV, produced in Turkey and presented to the market.
The BMW i3, Toyota Prius and Honda Civic hybrids
have been available in Turkish Market for some time.
MARMARA RESEARCH CENTER (MRC)
&
TOFAŞ FIAT
2002
Wheel
Power Management
System
Fuel
I.C.E.
G
~
=
Generator
Battery
Pack
Motor
Driver
=
DC Voltage
Bus
~
Mechanical
Coupling
M
Traction Motor
Wheel
Parallel Hybrid EV
(Through the Road)
2006
Rear Wheel
MG
Front Wheel
~
I.C.E.
=
Battery
Pack
Rear Wheel
Fuel
Tank
Front Wheel
Parallel Hybrid EV
(Both front and rear axes
are propelled seperately)
2008
OTOKAR Hybrid 160LE
( heavy-duty segment) Bus
2007
HEXAGON-KARSAN (NewYork) Taxi Project
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (Hub)
10kW BLDC Machine
Electric Vehicle Brushless DC Motor
(70 kW)
Experimental Study
(70 kW)
Torque - Speed
400.00
350.00
[Nm]
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
[1/min]
[%]
Efficiency- Speed
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0 5001000150020002500300035004000
[1/min]
E-Bike Power Train
250W BLDC Machine
Electric Vehicle Motor Driver Systems
4 kW-20 kW
Electric Vehicle Motor Driver Systems
100 kW
OKAN UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES & INTELLIGENT AUTOMOTIVE
SYSTEMS APPLICATION AND RESEARCH CENTER «TTIS»
• TTIS aims to be a World
Wide recognized node of
knowledge and research as
well as a Centre of
Excellence in the field of
Intelligent Transport
Systems by 2020
Innovative and Sustainable Electric and Hybrid
Vehicle Technologies Development Center and
Cluster
Formed under TTIS Okan University
«Transport Technologies and Intelligent Automotive
Systems Research Center»
Innovative Intelligent & Connected
Vehicles Technology Development
and Clustering Centre
Thank You!
Prof. Dr. R. Nejat TUNCAY
OKAN University & MEKATRO R&D Company
Istanbul, Turkey
[email protected]
[email protected]