Middle East Technical University Faculty of Economics

Middle East Technical University Faculty of Economics

Mustafa Türkeş, 3140317
Middle East Technical University
Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences
Department of International Relations
IR 3140317 Politics in the Balkans
Prof. Dr. Mustafa Türkeş
Course Description
The topics covered in this course are history of the Balkans, territorial settlements of 1911-1923,
revisionism in the Balkans, characteristic features of the regimes during the period between the
two World Wars, the establishment of communist regimes in the 1940s and their collapse in
1989-1990. International and domestic problems faced by the Balkan states during the transitional
period are examined, with particular emphasis on hot issues. Regional initiatives and foreign
policy tendencies of each Balkan state are looked into. Students are expected to follow up the
latest developments.
Requirements of the Course
1. Students are expected to take an active role in discussions
2. There will be one mid-term (40%) and one final (60%) exams; however, students are
encouraged to prepare a term paper.
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Course Schedule
Week I:
Week II:
Introduction
The Decline of the Ottoman Empire, the Wars and the Legacies
F.A.K. Yasamee, Ottoman Diplomacy, (ISIS Press, Đstanbul, 1996), pp.(1-18 and 53-72)
Charles and Barbara Jelavich, The Establishment of the Balkan National States, 1804-1920,
(Cambridge University Press).
Maria Todorova, “The Ottoman Legacy in the Balkans”, in Balkans A Miror of the New
International Order, Edited by Günay Göksu Özdoğan-Kemali Saybaşılı, (Eren Yayıncılık,
Đstanbul, 1995), pp. (55-74)
Justin McCarthy, The Ottoman Turks, (Longman: London, New York, 1997), pp.(195-212)
Justin McCarthy, Death and Exile: the ethnic cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821-1922,
(Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press, 1995), pp.(1-21) and (135-177).
Week III:
What is Nationalism?
John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith (Editors), Nationalism, (Oxford; New York : Oxford
University Press, 1994).
Rogers Brubaker, Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany, (Cambridge, Mass.;
London : Harvard University Press, 1992), pp.(1-17)
E.J. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism Since 1780, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
New York, 1990).
Week IV:
Characteristics of the Regimes in the Balkans between the Two World Wars
R. J. Crampton, Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century, (Routledge, London and New York,
1994), pp. (107-175)
Week V:
Foreign Policies of the Balkan States between the Two World Wars and the
Balkan Pact
Mustafa Türkeş, “The Balkan Pact and Its Immediate Implications for the Balkan States”, Middle
Eastern Studies, 1994, 30/1. pp.(123-144)
Week VI:
The Post-Second World War Years: Shifting Orientation and Communist
Parties Coming to Power
R. J. Crampton, The Balkans Since the Second World War, (Longman, London, 2002), pp.(3-103)
Week VII:
The Balkans During the Cold War Years
R. J. Crampton, The Balkans Since the Second World War, (Longman, London, 2002), pp.(107230)
Week VIII:
Mid-term Exam
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Week IX:
The Collapse of the Regimes and Cycles of Interventions in the Balkans:
Yugoslavia
R. J. Crampton, The Balkans Since the Second World War, (Longman, London, 2002), pp.(233346)
Marc Weller, “The International Response to the Dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia”, The American Journal of International Law, 86/3, July 1992
Lenard J. Cohen, “The Disintegration of Yugoslavia”, Current History, November 1992.
Mustafa Türkeş, “Bosna-Hersek Problemi: Londra Konferansı (1992) Ve Siyasi Sonuçları”,
Prof.Abdurrahman Çaycıya Armağan, (Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, 1995), pp.(469-482).
Lenard J. Cohen, “Bosnia and Herzegovina: Fragile Peace in a Segmented State”, Current
History, March 1996.
Şadan Đnan Rüma, “Uluslararası Toplum ve Egemenlik: Bosna-Hersek Örneği”, Ankara
Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 63-1, 2007, pp. (237-272)
Kosovo
Adam Roberts, “NATO’s ‘Humanitarian War’ over Kosovo, Survival, 41/3, 1999
David Chandler, “The Bosnian Protectorate and the Implications for Kosovo” New Left Review,
235, 1999, pp. (124-134).
Mustafa Türkeş and Sait Akşit, “International Engagement, Transformation of the Kosova
Question and Its Implications”, The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, 38, 2007.
Week X:
From Serbia to Yugoslavia and Serbia
Stevan K. Pavlowitch, Serbia: the History of an Idea, (New York University Press, New York,
2002)
Sabrina P. Ramet, Thinking about Yugoslavia : scholarly debates about the Yugoslav breakup
and the wars in Bosnia and Kosovo (Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press,
2005)
Sabrina P. Ramet and Vjeran Pavlakoviâc, (Edited by), Serbia since 1989: politics and society
under Miloæseviâc and after, (Seattle : University of Washington Press, 2007)
Week XI:
Cycles of Crisis and Survival: Macedonia
F.A.K. Yasamee, “Nationality in the Balkans: The Case of the Macedonians”, in Balkans: A
Miror of the New International Order, Edited by Günay Göksu Özdoğan-Kemali Saybaşılı,
(Eren Yayıncılık, Đstanbul, 1995), pp. (121-132)
Nikolaos Zahariadis, “Nationalism and Small-State Foreign Policy: The Greek Response
to the Macedonian Issue”, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 109, No. 4. (Autumn, 1994),
pp. 647-667.
Ş. Đnan Rüma, Macedonia’s Post Yugoslav Part: Cycles of Crisis and Survival. Unpublished MSc
Thesis, Middle East Technical University., 2000
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Week XII:
Albania and Albanian Question in the Balkans
D. Arıkan Açar, Albania: Anatomy of A Traumatic Transition. Unpublished MSc Thesis, Middle
East Technical University, 2000.
Mustafa Türkeş, “Geçiş Sürecinde Krizden Isyana: Arnavutluk Örneği”, Dış Politika Enstitüsü
Monogramlar Serisi II, (Dış Politika Enstitüsü Yayınları, Ankara, 1998), pp.(43-57)
Week XIII:
Transition and Reconstruction in the Balkans
Sait Akşit, Transformation and the "politics of conditionality": a comparative analysis of Poland
and Romania until the mid-1990s, (Unpublished PhD Thesis, METU, 2006), pp.(1-117)
Mustafa Türkeş, “The Double Process: Transition and Integration and Its Impact on the Balkans”
in Towards Non-violence and Dialogue Culture in Southeast Europe, Edited by Petar-Emil Mitev
and James Riordan, (Iztok-Zapad Publishing House, Sofia, 2004) pp.(13-28)
Şadan Đnan Rüma, The Role of the International Community in the Democratisation Process in
Bosnia-Herzegovina, (Unpublished PhD Thesis, METU, 2008)
Week XIV:
The Balkans and the EU Perspective
Mustafa Türkeş and Göksu Gökgöz, “The European Union’s Strategy towards the Western
Balkans: Exclusion or Integration?” East European Politics and Societies, 20/4, 2006, pp.(1-32)
Geoffrey Pridham, “Change and Continuity in the European Union’s Political Conditionality:
Aims, Approach, and Priorities”, Democratization, 14/3, June 2007, pp.(446–471).
Week XV:
Turkish Foreign Policy towards the Balkans
Şule Kut, “Turkish Diplomatic Initiatives for Bosnia-Hercegovina”, in Balkans: A Miror of the
New International Order, Edited by Günay Göksu Özdoğan-Kemali Saybaşılı, (Eren Yayıncılık,
Đstanbul, 1995), pp. (295-316)
Şule Kut, ‘Turkish Policy toward the Balkans’, Alan Makovsky and Sabri Sayarı (Ed.) Turkey’s
New World Changing Dynamics in Turkish Foreign Policy, Washington: The Washington
Institute for Near East Policy, 2000.
Đlhan Uzgel, ‘The Balkans: Turkey’s Stabilizing Role’, Barry M Rubin (Ed.), Turkey in World
Politics: An Emerging Multiregional Power, Boulder: Lynn Rienner Publishers, 2001.
Mustafa Türkeş, “Turkish Foreign Policy towards the Balkans: Quest for Enduring Stability and
Security” in Turkish Foreign Policy in Post Cold War Era”, Edited by Đdris Bal, (BrownWalker
Press; USA, 2004), pp.(198-210).
Ali Hihmet Alp and Mustafa Türkeş,
“The Balkans in Turkey’s Security Enviroment”, Turkish
Review of Balkan Studies, Annual, 6, 2001 ss.(123-144)
Türkeş, Mustafa, “Geçiş Sürecinde Dış Politika Öncelikleri: Bulgaristan Örneği”, Türkiye’nin
Komşuları, Derlenler, Mustafa Türkeş ve Đlhan Uzgel, (Imge Kitabevi: Ankara, 2002), pp.(171210).
Mustafa Türkeş, “Türkiye’nin Balkan Politikasında Devamlılık ve Değişim”, Avrasya Dosyası,
14/1, 2008, ss.(253-280)
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A Selected Reading List
1. Almond, Mark, (1992), The Rise and Fall of Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu, (Chapman:
London)
2. Almond, Mark, (1994), Europe’s Backyard War: The War in the Balkans (Heinemann:
London)
3. Balkans A Mirror of the New International Order, Edited By Günay Göksu-Özdoğan and
Kemali Sayıbaşılı, (Istanbul, 1995).
4. Banac, Ivo, (1988), With Stalin against Tito: Cominformist Split in Yugoslav Communism.
5. Banac, Ivo, (1984), The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origin, History, Politics (Ithaca,
N.Y. Cornell University Press)
6. Bora, Tanıl, (1994), Bosna Hersek Yeni Dünya Düzeni’nin Av Sahas›, (Birikim Yayınları).
7. Brown, Michael E., “Minimalist NATO: A Wise Alliance Knows When to Retrench”,
Foreign Affairs May/June 1999, pp. (205-218).
8. McCalla, Robert B. “NATO’s Persistence After the Cold War”, International Organization,
50/3, 1996.
9. Carothers, Thomas, (1996), “Romania: Projecting the Positive”, Current History, 95/599.
10. Cohen, Lenard J., (1996), “Bosnia and Herzegovina: Fragile Peace in a Segmented State”,
Current History, March, 95/599.
11. Crampton, R. J., (1987), A Short History of Modern Bulgaria, (Cambridge University Press).
12. Crampton, R. J., (1994), Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century, (Routledge, London and
New York).
13. Cviic, Christopher, (1991), Remaking the Balkans (London: Pinter).
14. Fischer-Galati, Stephen, (1991), 20th Century Rumania, (Columbia University Press, New
York).
15. Forestier, Patricia, (1994), The Minds Behind Ethnic Cleansing.
16. Gowan, Peter, The Global Gamble, Verso, New york, 1999
17. Hunter, Robert E., “Maximizing NATO: A Relevant Alliance Knows How to Reach”, Foreign
Affairs, May/June 1999, pp.(190-203).
18. Jelavich, Barbara, (1987, 1986), History of the Balkans, volume, 1,2, (Cambridge University
Press).
19. Lampe, John R. and Marvin R. Jackson, (1982), Balkan Economic History, 1550-1950,
(Indiana University Press, Bloomington).
20. Lampe, John R., et al., (1993), East European Security Reconsidered, (The Woodrow Wilson
Center Press).
21. Larrabee, F. Stephen, Edited, (1994), The Volatile Powder Keg, Balkan Security After the
Cold War, Washington: The American University Press
22. Magas, Branka, (1993), The Destruction of Yugoslavia, Tracking the Break-up of 1980-1992,
(Verso, London, New York).
23. Malcolm, Noel, (1994), Bosnia: A Short History of Bosnia-Hercegovina.
24. Masters of the Universe, (2000) Edited by Tarık Ali, Verso, London-New York)
25. Mihalka, Michael, “Creeping Toward the East”, Transition, 1/1, 1995.
26. Pavlowitch, Stevan K., (1988), The Improbable Survivor, Yugoslavia and its Problems 19181988, (Ohio State University Press Columbus).
27. Perry, Duncan M., (1996), “Macedonia: Balkan Miracle or Balkan Disaster?”, Current
History, March, 95/599.
28. Poulton, Hugh, (1993), The Balkans, Minorities and States in Conflict, (Minority Rights
Publications, London).
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29. Rady, Martyn, (1992), Romania in Turmoil, (IB Tauris & Co Ltd Publishers, London, New
York).
30. Rakowska-Harmstone, Teresa, (edt), (1984), Communism in Eastern Europe, (Manchester
University Press).
31. Ramet, P. Sabrina, (1996), “Eastern Europe’s Painful Transition”, Current History, March,
Vol 95, No: 599.
32. Rothschild, Joseph, (1989), East Central Europe between the two World Wars, (University of
Washington Press, Seattle, London).
33. Rothschild, Joseph, (1989), Return to Diversity, (Oxford University Press, New York,
Oxford).
34. Schöpflin, George, (1993), Politics in Eastern Europe, (Blackwell, Oxford UK, Cambridge
USA).
35. Türkeş, Mustafa, “New vs Old Europe: Contested Hegemonies and the EEC’s Dual-guarantee
Strategy”, International Problems, 3, September 2005.
36. Türkeş, Mustafa and Göksu Gökgöz, “The EU’s Strategy Towards the Western Balkans:
Exclusion or Integration?” East European Politics and Societies, (EEPS) (Forthcoming)
February 2006)
37. Türkeş, Mustafa, “The 2004 Enlargement, the ‘Stumbling Block’ and the Parameters for a
New Enhanced-embracing Strategy for South Eastern Europe”, in The European Union after 1
May 2004: Is There a Shock from Enlargement? Implications for South Eastern Europe and
for the Enlarged Union, Edited by Krassimir Y. NIKOLOV, (Sofia: Bulgarian European
Community Studies Association (BECSA), 2004), pp. (213-222).
38. Türkeş, Mustafa, “Reflections on the EU Strategy Paper 2003: Two Approaches, Moving
Conditions and A New Juncture”, by Mustafa Türkeş and Göksu Gökgöz, Perceptions,
Journal of International Affairs, 9/1, March-May 2004
39. Türkeş, Mustafa, “Turkish Foreign Policy towards the Balkans: Quest for Enduring Stability
and Security” in Turkish Foreign Policy in Post Cold War Era”, Edited by Đdris Bal,
(BrownWalker Press; USA, 2004), pp.(198-210).
40. Türkeş, Mustafa, “The Double Process: Transition and Integration and Its Impact on the
Balkans” in Towards Non-violence and Dialogue Culture in Southeast Europe, Edited by
Petar-Emil Mitev and James Riordan, (Iztok-Zapad Publishing House, Sofia) pp.(13-28)
41. Mustafa Türkeş, (2003) “NATO Bağlamında ABD-Türkiye Đlişkilerinde Devamlılık ve
Değişim”, in Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi, Derleyen Faruk Sönmezoğlu, Đstanbul 2003,
42. Alp, Ali Hikmet and Mustafa Türkeş, “The Balkans in Turkey’s Security Environment”,
Turkish Review of Balkan Studies, Annual, 6, 2001 pp.(123-1449)
43. Türkeş, Mustafa, (2002) “Geçiş Sürecinde Dış Politika Öncelikleri: Bulgaristan Örneği”,
Türkiye’nin Komşuları, Derlenler, Mustafa Türkeş ve Đlhan Uzgel, (Imge Kitabevi: Ankara)
44. Türkeş, Mustafa, (1998) “Geçiş Sürecinde Krizden Isyana: Arnavutluk Örneği”, Dış Politika
Enstitüsü Monogramlar Serisi II, (Dış Politika Enstitüsü Yayınları, Ankara)
45. Türkeş, Mustafa, (1996), “Türkiye-Avrupa Ilişkilerinde Balkanlar Faktörü”, Türkiye ve
Avrupa, Derleyen Atila Eralp, (Imge Yayınları).
46. Türkeş, Mustafa, (1995), “Bosna-Hersek Problemi: Londra Konferansı (1992) Ve Siyasi
Sonuçları”, Prof.Abdurrahman Çaycıya Armağan, (Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara).
47. Türkeş, Mustafa, (1994), “The Balkan Pact and Its Immediate Implications for the Balkan
States”, Middle Eastern Studies, 30/1.
48. Türkeş, Mustafa, (1994), “Balkanlarda Aznlıklar ve Ilgili Problemler Konferansı ve
Düşünceler”, Tarih Çevresi, 12.
49. Türkeş, Mustafa, (1990), “Turkish-Balkan Relations in the Light of the Balkan Entente 19301934”, Unpublished M.Phil. Thesis, (University of Manchester).
50. White, Stephen, et al., (1993), Developments in East European Politics, (The Macmillans
Press, London).
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51. Woodhouse, C.M., (1991), Modern Greece, A Short History, (Faber and Faber, London,
Boston).
52. Woodward, Susan L., (1995) Balkan Tragedy (The Brooking Institution, Washinton)
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