Axial İskelet

1
İSKELET
-AXIAL İSKELET
-APPENDİCULER İSKELET
AXIAL İSKELET
Cranium
Neuracranium
Occipitale
Parietale
Frontale
Temporale
Sphenoidale
Ethmoidale
Splanchnocranium Lacrimale
Concha Nasalis İnferior
Palatinum
Vomer
Nasale
Zygomaticum
Maxilla
Mandibula
Os hyoideum
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Columna Vertebralis
vertebralar
Thorax kemikleri
Sternum
Costalar
Servical
7
Thoracal 12
Lumbal
5
Sacral
5
Coxigeal 4
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Dr. Malas
2
OS OCCİPİTALE
Pars basilaris
Partes lateralis
yüzleri
Üst yüz
Alt yüz
kenarları
Sulcus sinus petrosi inferioris
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uçları
Ön ucu
Arka ucu
Synchondrozis spheno-occipitalis
Foramen magnum
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Yüzleri
Üst yüz
Tuberculum jugulare
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Alt yüz
Condylus occipitalis,
canalis condylaris,
canalis hypoglossi,
fossa condylaris
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İç kenar
Foramen magnum,
incisura jugularis,
processus jugularis
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Dış kenar
Processus intrajugularis
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Ön yüz
eminentiaruciformis,
protuberantia occipitalis interna,
sulcus sinus transversi,
sulcus sinus sagittalis superioris,
sulcus sinus sigmoidei,
crista occipitalis interna
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Arka yüz
Protuberentia occipitalis externa,
crista occipitalis externa,
linea nuchea superior,
linea nuchea suprema,
linea nuchea inferior,
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kenarları
Squama
occipitalis
Özelliği
yüzleri
kenarları
Clivus
Tuberculum pharyngeum
Margo lamboideus,
margo mastoideus
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Occipitalin vücuttaki duruşu: kabuk şeklinde olan kısım arkaya, kabuğun iç yüzü öne, büyük delik yatay olarak aşağı gelecek
Dr. Malas
3
Os Parietale
Yüzleri
Özelliği
Dış Yüz
(Facies Externa)
Foramen parietale
Tuber parietale
Linea temporalis inferior
Planum temporale
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İç Yüz
(Facies İnterna)
Sulcus sinus sagittalis superior
Sulcus sinus sigmoidei
Foveolae granulares
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Kenarları
Margo occipitalis
Margo squamosus
Margo saggitalis
Margo frontalis
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Köşeleri
Angulus frontalis
Angulus occipitalis
Angulus sphenoidalis
Angulus mastoideus
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Pariatelenin vücuttaki duruşu: kemiğin konkav yüzü içe aşağı, bu yüzdeki damar oluklarının başladığı köşe öne aşağı, konkav kenar ise aşağı gelecek
Dr. Malas
4
Os Frontale
Squama Frontalis
Özelliği
Yüzleri
Kenarları
Dış Yüz
(Facies Externa)
Tuber frontale
Arcus superciliaris
Glabella
Margo supraorbitalis
Foramen supraorbitalis
İncisura frontale
Linea temporalis
Facies temporalis
Sutura frontalis
Processus zygomaticus
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İç Yüz
(Facies İnterna)
Crista frontalis
Foramen caecum
Sulcus sinus sagittalis superior
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Pars Nasalis
Partes Orbitales
Yüzleri
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Margo parietalis
Spina nasalis
Margo nasalis
Spina nasalis
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Üst Yüz
Juga serebralia
İmpressiones digitatae(gyrorum)
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Alt Yüz
İncisura ethmoidalis
Spina trochlearis
Fovea trochlearis
Foramen ethmoidale anterius
Foramen ethmoidale posterius
Fossa glandulae lacrimalis
Foveolae ethmoidales
Cellulae ethmoidales
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Frontalenin vücuttaki duruşu: Çukur yüzü arkaya, büyük çentik yatay durumda aşağı gelecek
Dr. Malas
5
Os Temporale
özelliği
Temporalenin vücuttaki duruşu: kabuk şeklindeki kısmı yukarı, bu yüzdeki çıkıntı dışa, çıkıntı ucu öne
getirilir
Pars
Squamosa
Pars
Mastoidea
Yüzleri
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İç Yüz
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Sulci arteriarum
Kenarları Margo sphenoidalis
Margo parietalis
İncisura parietalis
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Yüzleri
Kenarları
Pars
Tympanica
Dış
Sulcus arteriae temporalis mediae
Yüz(facies Processus zygomaticus
Temporalis) Fossa mandibularis
Facies articularis
Tuberculum articulare
Fissura petrosquamosa
Planum infratemporale
Crista supra mastoidea
Dış Yüz
Processus mastoideus
İncisura mastoidea
Sulcus arteriae occipitalis
Foramen mastoideum
Fissura petrosquamosa
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İç Yüz
Sulcus sinus sigmoidei
Foramen mastoideum
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Margo occipitalis
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Anulus tympanicus
Meatus acusticus externus
Porus acusticus externus
Spina suprameatum
Spina tympanica major
Spina tympanica minor
Sulcus tympanicus
Vagina processus styloidei
Fissura tympanomastoidea
Fissura tympanosquamosa
Fissura petro tympanica(glaser yarığı)
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Dr. Malas
6
Pars Petrosa
Yüzleri
Kenarları
Tepesi
Os
Vücutta
temporale’nin duruşu:
Facies anterior
paries petrosae
Canalis caroticus
İmpressio trigeminalis
Sulcus nevri petrosi majoris
Sulcus nevri petrosi minoris
Hiatus canalis n petrosi majoris
Hiatus canalis n petrosi minoris
Eminentia arcuata
Tegmen tympani
Fissura petrosquamosa
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Facies posterior Porus acusticus internus
paries petrosae Fundus meatus acustici interni
Meatus acusticus internus
Crista transversa
Canalis facialis
Fossa subarcuata
Aquaductus vestibuli
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Facies anterior
inferior
Canalis musculotubarius
Semicanalis tubae auditivae
Septum canalis musculotubarii
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Facies inferior
partis petrosae
Fossa jugularis
Apertura externa canalis carotisi
Fossula petrosa
Apertura externa canaliculi
tympanici
Canaliculus tympanicus
Apertura externa canaliculi cochleae
Canaliculus mastoideus
Processus styloideus
Foramen stylomastoideum
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Margo superior Sulcus sinus petrosi superioris
partes petrosae
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Margo
Sulcus sinus petrosi inferioris
posterior partes İncisura jugularis
petrosae
Processus intrajugularis
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Apertura interna canalis carotici
Canalis caroticus
Canaliculi caroticotympanici
Yassı olan kabuk şeklindeki kısmı yukarı bu parçanın
dış yüzündeki yası çıkıntı dışa doğrudur.
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Dr. Malas
7
Os sphenoidale
Corpus
(yüzleri)
Kanatları
özellikler
Üst Yüz
Sella turcica
Fossa hypophysialis
Tuberculum sellae
Sulcus prechiasmaticus
Dorsum sellae
Processus clinoideus posterior
Processus clinoideus medius
Jugum sphenoidale
Spina ethmoidalis
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Ön Yüz
Crista sphenoidalis
Rostrum sphenoidale
Apertura sinus sphenoidalis
Concha sphenoidalis
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Alt Yüz
Sulcus vomerovaginalis
Sulcus palatovaginalis
Foramen caecum
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Arka Yüz
Jugum sphenoidale
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Ala Minor
Canalis opticus
Processus clinoideus anterior
Fissura orbitalis superior
Lingula sphenoidais
Sulcus caroticus
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Ala Major
Yüzleri
Kenarları
Processus Pterygoideus
Facies
cerabralis
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
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Facies
temporalis
Crista infratemporalis
Spina ossis sphenoidalis
Sulcus tubae auditivae
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Facies orbitalis
Facies sphenomaxillaris
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Margo zygomaticus
Margo frontalis
Margo parietalis
Margo squamosus
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Lamina lateralis processus pterygoidei
Lamina medialis processus pterygoidei
Fossa pterygoidea
Fossa scaphoidea
Processus vaginalis
Hamulus pterygoideus
Sulcus hamuli pterygoidei
Canalis pterygoideus
Sulcus pterygopalatinus
Processus pterygospinosus
İncisura pterygoidea
Sinus sphenoidalis
Septum sinuum sphenoidalium
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Dr. Malas
8
Os Ethmoidale
Özellikler
Lamina Perpendicularis
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Lamina Cribrosa
lLabyrinthus Ethmoidalis
Foramina cribrosa
Crista galli
Alae crista gali
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Cellulae ethmoidalis
İnfindibulum ethmoidale
Hiatus semilunaris
Processus uncinatus
Concha nasalis superior
Concha nasalis media
Meatus nası superior
Meatus nasi media
Bulla ethmoidalis
Lamina orbitalis
Foramen ethmoidale anterius
Foramen ethmoidale posterius
Rec. sphenoethmoidalis
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Os ethmoidale nin vücuttaki duruşu: delikli olan lamina yatay, üzerindeki çıkıntı sagittal olarak öne gelecek
Dr. Malas
9
Os Lacrimale
Yüzleri
Kenarları
özellikler
Dış Yüz
Crista lacrimalis posterior
Sulcus lacrimalis
Hamulus lacrimalis
Fossa sacci lacrimalis
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İç Yüz
Ethomoid kemikle karşılaşır
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Ön Kenar
Maxillanın processus frontalis’i ile
karşılaşır
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Arka Kenar
Os ethmpidle’nin Lamına orbitalisi ile
karşılaşır
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Üst Kenar
Os frontale ile karşılaşırr
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Alt Kenar
Maxilla ile karşılaşır
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Os lacrimalenin vücuttaki duruşu; çıkıntısının ve oluğunun olduğu yüzü dışa doğru, çıkntı dikey ve çıkıntının ucundaki çengel aşağıdadır.
Concha Nasalis İnferior
özellikler
Yüzleri
Dış yüz
İç yüz
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Uzantıları
Processus lacrimalis
Processus maxillaris
Processus ethmoidalis
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Dr. Malas
10
Os Palatinum
Lamina Perpendicularis
özellikler
Yüzleri
Kenarları
Facies nasalis
Crista conehalis
Crista ethmoidalis
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Facies maxillaris
Sulcus pterygopalatinus
sulcus palatinus majör
sulci palatini
Canalis palatinus majör
Canalis palatinus majör
Canalis palatini
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Processus pyramidalis
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İncisura sphenopalatina
Foramen sphenopalatinum
Processus orbitalis
Processus sphenoidalis
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ön kenar
Arka kenar
Alt kenar
Üst kenar
Lamina Horizontalis
Facies Nasalis
Spina nasalis (ossis palatini)
Crista nasalis
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Facies Palatina
Foramina palatina minora
Foramen palatinus majör
Crista palatina
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Os palatinum’un vücuttaki duruşu: Küçük lamina yatay ve aşağı gelecek şekilde bu laminanın kalın kenarı içe düzgün olan kenarı arkaya doğrudur
Dr. Malas
11
Vomer
Alea Vomeris
Özellikler
Margo Ethmoıdeus
Margo Liber
Margo Palatinus
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Vomer’in vücuttaki duruşu; kalın olan ve kanatları bulunan kenarı yukarı düzgün kenar arkaya gelecek
Os Nasale
Dış Yüz
İç Yüz
Özellikler
Foramen Nasale
Sulcus Ethmoidalis
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Os nasale’nin vücuttaki duruşu; en dar ve pürtüklü kenar yukarı, düzgün yüz öne dışa bakacak şekilde gelir.
Os Zygomaticum
Yüzleri
Uzantıları
Özellikler
Facies lateralis
Foramen zygomaticofaciale
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Facies temporalis
Foramen zygomaticotemporale
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Facies orbitalis
Foramen zygomaticoorbitale
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Processus temporalis
Processus frontalis
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Tuberculum marginale
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Os zygomaticum’un vücuttaki duruşu: Konveks yüzü dışa, düzgün konkav kenar öne ve çıkıntılı köşe ise yukarı doğrudur.
Dr. Malas
12
Os Maxilla
Processus
Zygomaticus
Özellikler
Facies orbitalis
Sulcus infraorbitalis
İnc. lacrimalis
Canalis infraorbitalis
Margoinfraorbitalis
Foramen infraorbitale
Fossa canina
İncisura nasalis
Spina nasalis anterior
Crista infrazygomatica
Sutura infraorbitalis
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Facies
infratemporalis
Tuber maxilae
Foramina alveolaria
Canalis alveolares
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Facies nasalis
Sulcus lacrimalis
Crista conchalis
Margo lacrimalis
Hiatus maxillaris
Sinus maxillaris
Sulcus pterygopalatinus
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Dış Yüz
Crista lacrimalis anterior
Sulcus lacrimalis
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İç Yüz
Crista ethmoidalis
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Facies anterior
Processus Frontalis
Processus Palatınus
Crista nasalis
Canalis incisivus
Spinae nasalis ant.
Sulci palatini
Processus Alveolaris Arcus alveolaris
Os incisivum
Sutura incisiva
Alveoli dentales
Septa interalveeolaria
Septa interradicularia
Juga alveolaria
Foramen incisivum
Processus
zygomaticus
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Os maxilla nın vücuttaki duruşu: dişlerin bulunduğu kenar aşağı ,damak çıkıntısı içe ,büyük çentik ise öne doğrudur.
Dr. Malas
13
Os Mandibula
Corpus
Yüzleri
Mandibulae
Kenarları
Ramus
Yüzleri
Mandibulae
Kenarları
Köşeleri
Özellikler
Dış yüz
Protuberantia mentalis
Tuberculum mentale
Trigonum mentale
Foramen mentale
Linea obliqua
Juga alveolaria
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İç yüz
Spina mentalis
Fossa digastrica
Linea mylohyoidea
Fovea sublingualis
Fovea submandibularis
Symphisis mandibula
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Basis mandibulae
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Pars alveolaris
Arcus alveolaris
Alveoli dentales
Septa interalveolaria
Septa interradicularia
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Dış yüz
Tuberositas masseterica
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İç yüz
Tuberositas pterygoidea
Foramen mandibulae
Lingula mandibulae
Canalis mandibulae
Sulcus mylohyoideus
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İncisura mandibulae
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Processus coronoideus
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Processus condylaris
Caput mandibulae
Collum mandibulae
Fovea pterygoidea
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Angulus mandibulae
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Ön kenar
Arka kenar
Üst kenar
Alt kenar
Ön üst köşe
Ön alt köşe
Arka üst köşe
Arka alt köşe
Os mandibulanın vücutta duruşu: dişlerin bulunduğu kavisli kısım öne doğrudur.
Dr. Malas
14
CRANİUM BÜTÜNÜ
Calvaria
Basis
Özelliği
Kemikler
Squama frontalis
Os pariatale
Squama occipitalisin bir kısmı
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Suturalar
Sutura frontalis
Sutura coronalis
Sutura sagittalis
Sutura lamdoidea
Sutura squamosa
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Dış Yüz
Tuber frontale
Tuber parietale
Foramen parietale
Linea temporalis superior
Linea temporalis inferior
Planum temporale
Linea nuchae suprema
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iç yüz
Sulcus sinus sagittalis superior
Crista frontalis
Foramen parietale
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Dış yüz, Basis crani externa, İç Yüzü, Basis crani interna
Basis crani
Özelliği
Kemikler
Lamina orbitales
Lamina cribrosa
Os sphenoidale
Os temporale
Os occipitale
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Suturalar
Sutura frontaethmoidalis
Sutura sphenofrontalis
Sutura sphenosquamosa
Sutura occipitomastoides
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Syncondros lar
Syncondrosis sphenooccipitalis
Syncondrosis sphenopetrosa
Syncondrosis petrooccipitalis
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Baş İskeletindeki
Antropolojik
Noktalar
Orta Çizgi Üzerinde
Bulunanlar(Tek Olanlar)
noktalar
Gnathion noktası
Prosthion noktası
Nasion noktası
Glabella
Bregma noktası
Obelion noktası
Lambda noktası
İnion noktası
Opisthion noktası
Basion noktası
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Orta Çizgide
Bulunmayan
Noktalar(Çift
Olanlar)
Gonion noktası
Elmacık çıkıntısı
Dacrion noktası
Stephanion noktası
Pterion noktası
Asterion noktası
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Dr. Malas
15
Basis crani externa
Özelliği
Bölümler
ön Bölüm
Spina nasalis anterior
Lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidis
Lamina cribrosa
Partes orbitales
Canalis opticus
Fissura orbitalis superior
Apertura sinus sphenoidalis
Fossa infratemporalis
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orta bölüm
Tuberculum pharyngeum
Condylus occipitalis
Tuberculum articulare
Processus pterygoideus
Fossa pterygoidea
Fossa scaphoidea
Fissura
pterygomaxillaris
Hamulus pterygoideus
Foramen lacerum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Spina osis sphenoidale
Processus styloideus
Processus vaginalis
Foramen stylomastoideum
Fissura petrosquamosa
Fissura petrotympanica
Fossa mandibularis
Facies articularis
Pars tympanica
Apertura externa canalis carotici
Fossula petrosa
Apertura externa canaliculi cochlea
Apertura externa canaliculi tympanici
Fossa jugularis
Canalis hypoglossi
Porus acusticus externus
Spina suprameatum
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Arka Bölüm
Foramen magnum
Fossa condylaris
Canalis condylaris
İncisura mastoidea
Sulcus arteriae occipitalis
Processus mastoideus
Crista occipitalis externa
Protuberantia occipitalis externa
Linea nuchae superior
Linea nuchae inferior
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Dr. Malas
16
Basis crani interna
Özelliği
Fossa crani anterior
Foramen caeum
Crista galli
Lamina cribrosa
Partes orbitales
Juga serebralis
İmpressiones digitatae
Planum sphenoidale
Ala minor
Canalis opticus
Sulcus ciasmatis
Processus clineudeus anterior
Tuberculum sellae
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Fossa crani media
Fossa hypophysialis
Processus clinoideus medius
Processus clinoideus posterior
Dorsum sellae
Sulcus caroticus
Lingula sphenoidalis..
Fissura orbitalis superior.
Foramen rotundum.
Foramen ovale..
Foramen spinosum..
Foramen lacerum.
Apertura interna canalis carotici
Fissura sphenopetrosa
Hiatus canalis n. petrosi majoris
Hiatus canalis n.petrosi minoris
İmpressio trigemini.
Eminentia arcuata
Tegmen tympani..
Fissura petrosquamosa..
Facies interna.
Sulcus sinus petrosi superioris
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Fossa crani posterior
Pars basilaris
Partes laterales
Squama occipitalis
Clivus
Foramen magnum
Crista occipitalis interna
Protuberantia occipitalis interna
Sulcus sinus transversi
Sulcus sinus sigmoidei
Foramen jugulare
Fissura petrooccipitalis
Tuberculum jugulare
Sulcus sinus petrosi inferioris
Processus intrajugularis
Porus acusticus internus
Meatus acusticus internus
Fundus meatus acustici interni
Apertura externa aquaductus vestibulu
Fossa subarcuata
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Dr. Malas
17
BURUN BOŞLUĞU
Duvarları
Delikleri
Özelliği
Üst Duvar
Kemikler
Os ethmoidale
Os nasale
Os sphenoidale
Vomer(ala vomeris)
Recessus sphenoethmoideus
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Alt Duvar
Processus palatinus(maxilla)
Lamina horizontalis(os palatinum)
Sutura palatina transversa
Canalis incisivusun üst deliği
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İç Duvar
(septum
nasi
osseum)
Lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidei ……………………………….
Vomer
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Crista nasalis
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Dış Duvar
Os nasale
Facies nasalis(maxilla)
Processus frontalis(maxilla)
Os lacrimale
Labrynthus ethmoıdalis
Concha nasalis inferior
Facies nasalis ossis palatini
Lamina medialis processus pterygoidei
Meatus nasi superior
Meatus nasi medius
Meatus nasi inferior
Meatus nasopharyngeus
Concha nasalis media
Concha nasalis superior
Crista conchalis crista ethmoidalis
Processus uncinatus
Hiatus maxillaris
Bulla ethmoidalis
Cellula ethmoidalisin açılma delikleri
Foramen sphenopalatınum
Canalis nasolacrimalis
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Ön Delik
Apertura priformis
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Arka Delik Choanae
Meatuslara
Açılan Oluşumlar
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Meatus Nasi Superior
Sinus sphenoidalis
Foramen sphenopalatinum
Ethmoid arka cellulaları
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Meatus Nasi Medius
Sinus maxillaris
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Sinus frontalis
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Ethmoid ön ve orta cellülleri ……………………..………...
Meatus Nasi İnferior
Canalis nasolacrimalis
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Dr. Malas
18
Özelliği
ORBİTA
Duvarları
Paries
Superior
Paries
İnferior
Paries
Medialis
Paries
Lateralis
Kenarları
Kemikler
Partes orbitales
Ala minor
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Suturalar
Sutura sphenofrontalis
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oluşumlar
Fossa glandulae lacrimalis
Spina trochlearis
Fovea trochlearis
Canalis opticus
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Kemikler
Facies orbitalis(0s sphenoidale)
Processus orbitalis(os palatinum)
Ossis zygomaticum
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Suturalar
Sutura zygomaticomaxillaris
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Oluşumlar
Sulcus infraorbitalis
Canalis infraorbitalis
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Kemikler
Processus frontalis maxillae
Os lacrimale
Lamina orbitalis
Os sphenoidale
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Suturalar
Sutura lacrimomaxillaris
Sutura ethmoidolacrimalis
Sutura sphenoethmoidalis
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Oluşumlar
Crista lacrimalis anterior
Crista lacrimalis posterior
Fossa sacci lacrimalis
Canalis nasolacrimalis
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Kemikler
Facies orbitalis(ossis spenoidalis)
Facies orbitalis(ossis zygomatici)
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Suturalar
Sutura sphenozygomatica
Foramen zygomaticoorbitale
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Üst İç
Kenar
Sutura frontoethmoidalis
Sutura frontolacrimalis
Foramen ethmoidale anterius
Foramen ethmoidale posterius
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Üst Dış
Kenar
Sutura frontosphenoidalis
Sutura frontozygomatica
Fissura orbitalis superior
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Alt Dış
Kenar
Sutura zygomaticomaxillaris
Fissura orbitalis inferior
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Alt İç
Kenar
Sutura ethmoidomaxillaris
Sutura lacrimomaxillaris
Canalis nasolacrimalis
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Tabanı
Aditus
Orbitae
Margo supraorbitalis
Foramen frontale
Foramen supraorbitalis
Margo infraorbitalis
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Tepesi
Canalis opticus
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Dr. Malas
19
Ağız boşluğu
Fossa
Pterygopalatina
Üst Duvar
Processus palatinus
Lamina horizontalis(os palatinum)
Sutura palatina mediana
Sutura palatina transversa
Foramen incisivum
Foramen palatinum majus
Sutura incisiva
Sulci palatini
Crista palatina
Foramina palatina minora
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Yan Duvar Limbus alveolaris
Arcus dentalis superior
Arcus dentalis inferior
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Ön Duvar
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Tuber maxillae
Açılan delikler
Foramina alveolaria
Fissura orbitalis inferior
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Arka
Duvar
Açılan delikler
Canalis pterygoideus
Canalis palatovaginalis
Foramen rotundum
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İç Duvar
Lamina perpendicularis
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Açılan delikler
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Tepesi
Foramen palatinum majus
Canalis palatinus major
Foramen palatinum majus
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Fossa Pterygoidea Lamina lateralis processus pterygoidei
Lamina medialis processus pterygoidei
Processus pyromidalis
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Fossa
İnfratemporalis
Fossa Temporalis
Tavanı
Planum infratemporale
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Dış Duvar
Ramus mandibulaenin iç yüzü
Arcus zygomaticus
Foramen mandibulae
Sulcus mylohyoideus
Linea mylohyoidea
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İç Duvar
Lamina lateralis processus pterygoidei
Fissura pterygomaxillaris
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Ön Duvar
Maxillanın tuber maxillaesi
Maxillanın Facies infratemporalisi
Fissura orbitalis inferior
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Ön duvar
Facies temporalis ossis zygomatici
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İç Duvar
Planum temporale
Facies temporalis ossis sphenoidei
Os frontalenin facies temporalisi
Squama temporalisin dış yüzü
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Alt Duvar
Fossa infratemporalis
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Dr. Malas
20
COLUMNA VERTEBRALİS KEMİKLERİ
Pars cervicalis columnae vertebralis
Pars thoracalis columnae vertebralis
Pars lumbalis columnae vertebralis
Pars sacralis columnae vertebralis
Pars coccygicae columnae vertebralis
Vertebrae cervicales
Vertebrae thoracicae
Vertebrae lumbales
Vertebrae sacrales
Vertebrae coccygicae
Genel vertebra özellikleri
Corpus vertebrae
Arcus vertebrae
Özellikleri
Yüzleri
Üst Yüz
Alt Yüz
Dış Yüz
Pediculus arcus vertebrae
Processus articularis sup
Facies art Sup
Processus articularis inf
Facies art İnf
Lamina arcus vertebrae
Processus transversus
Processus spinosus
Foramen vertebrale
Canalis vertebralis
Ön, yan ve arkada
İncisura vertebralis sup.
İncisura vertebralis inf.
Foramen intervertebrale
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Servical vertebra özellikleri
Processus transversus
Foramen transversarium
Tuberculum anterius
Tuberculum posterius
Vertebrae prominens (C7), Atlas (C1), axis(C2)
Sulcus nevri spinalis
Processus costotransversarius
Foramen costotransversarium
Tuberculum caroticum (6. cercival omurda)
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Dr. Malas
21
Atlas (C1)
Özellikleri
Massa lateralis
Facies articularis superior
Facies articularis inferior
Arcus anterior
Tuberculum anterius
Fovea dentis
Arcus posterior
Tuberculum posterius
Sulcus arteriae vertebralis
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Atlası normal durumuna koyma: Atlasın küçük kavsi öne, yan parçalarından oval ve çukur eklem yüzü yukarı gelecek
Axisi normal durumuna koyma: Axisin çıkıntılı kısmı önde yukarı gelecek şekilde tutulacak
Axis (C2)
Dens
Özellikleri
Apex
Collum
yüzleri
Facies articularis superior…
Facies articularis anterior…
Facies articularis posterior…
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Vertebra thoracis
Fovea costalis superior
Fovea costalis inferior
Fovea costalis transversalis
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Vertebra lumbales
Processus costarius
Processus accesorius
Processus mamillaris
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Vertebranın vücutta duruşu:Vertebranın corpus’u öne, corpusun üst ve alt yüzlerindeki büyük eklem yüzleri yatay duruma getirilecek, dikensi çıkıntı aşağı tarafı gösterecek
Dr. Malas
22
Os sacrum
Yüzleri
Özellikleri
Ön Yüz
(Facies pelvina)
Lineae transversae
Foramina sacralia pelvina
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Yan Yüzleri
Facies auricularis
Tuberositas sacralis
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Arka Yüz
Foramina sacralia dorsalia
Crista sacralis mediana
Crista sacralis intermedia
Crista sacralis lateralis
Cornu sacrela
Hiatus sacralis
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(Facies dorsalis)
Canalis sacralis
Foramina intervertebralia
Apex ossis sacri
Basis ossis sacri
Partes laterales
Processus articularis sup.
Promontorium
Sacrumu normal durumuna koyma: konkav yüz öne aşağı bakacak, bu yüzün sivri tarafı aşağı gelecek
Os coccygis (Vertebrea coccygicae)
Özellikleri
Cornu coccygeum
Processus transversus
Symphysis sacrococcygica
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Dr. Malas
23
Torax kemikleri
Sternum
Costalar
Os sternum
Özellikleri
Manubrium sterni
İncisura jugularis
İncisura clavicularis
İncisurae costales I, II
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Corpus sterni
İncisurae costales (Planum sternale)III,IV,V, VI,VII
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Processus Xiphoideus
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Angulus sterni ( Angulus Ludovici, Louis açısı )
Synchondrosis sternalis ( symphysis sterni )
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Sternumun vücuttaki normal duruşu: kısa geniş olan parçası yukarı bu parçanın gövde ile birleşim açısı öne getirilir
Dr. Malas
24
Costa cinsleri
Costae verae (costae sternales)I-VII
Costae arcuariae affixae
Costae arcuariae fluctuantes XI-XII
Costae spuriae (costae
arcuariae)VIII-XII
Os costale
Extremiteleri
Arka uç
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Caput costae
Facies articularis capitis costae
Crista capitis costae
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Collum costae
Tuberculum costae
Crista colli costae
Facies articularis tuberculi costae
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ön uç
Corpus costae
Angulus costae
Sulcus costae
Cartillago costalis
Arcus costalis
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Costa prima
Sulcus arteria subclaviae, Sulcus venae subclaviae
Tuberculum musculi scaleni anterioris
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Costa secunda
Tuberositas musculi serrati anterioris
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Costanın vücuttaki normal duruşu: baş gösteren ucu arkaya, gövdedeki oluk aşağı, konveks taraf dışa yöneltilir.
Torax boşluğu (Cavum thoracis)
Apertura thoracis superior
Spatium intercostale
Sulcus pulmonalis
Apertura thoracis inferior
Arcus costalis
Angulus infrasternalis
(Ön arka çapı 6cm; enine çapı 10cm)
(Ön arka çapı12 cm; enine çapı 26 cm)
(700 – 750)
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Dr. Malas