Tam Metin - Avrasya Strateji Dergisi

ank
a a kn n
lu la a a A a a
a
3(2)
SSCBǯDEN GoNoMoZE RUS DIf POLGTGKASI KAPSAMINDA
AFRGKA
Huriye YILDIRIM 1
Özet
Ru a n n A ka k a na
n lk l
a
a l k Ru a na ka a
u anmak a .
n mn
Ru
l ka n a A ka a
n lk
a l
lu u ula ak
a , k n mk
lum al
ml
bulunulmu u .
uk a a
n mn
n a a
al m a ma ama n
n
, A ka k a n a a
ll kl 1950 l
lla a m ll b l n n
u anma la ba m l kla n lan m m a l
n lk l l
ma n
a
ma a al m
.
uk a a
n mn
A ka k a n ak
l kala ba a
l a u a an Ru
n m , 1991 l n a
nn
k lma n n a n an b
n m lk
n k
l k
k n mk
unla na
m a amakla m ul lmu u . An ak k a
a
k n m k la ak
l n ,
lma
l n Ru a
a nu, n lla a ulu la a a alan a n m
k a an A ka
k a na n l k l kala n l
m
n m
m k
.
Anahtar kelimeler: A ka, Ru
P l ka ,
l k l , Ru a
a nu-A ka l k l
l
l
-A ka
FROM USSR TILL PRESENT ǮǯAFRICAǯǯ IN THE CONTEXT OF
RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY
Abstract
Ru
P
.
n m
l
a
n a
n
1950 .
k
1
-
an n
a
A a a
R a,
a n
a
al a m
al
n Ru
Ram
u
al m
l
la n
A an
n n
n lu n
na nal a
Ru an a m n a n a l
n
u n
an
E a,
a
a:
l
n , Ak
m. u
n
n
ma l. m
,
E, lu la a a
31
Ru an a
m
A a
l al,
an
n P l . In
n all a un
l ,
un
ak n n u n n abl
l
a
A a n
a
l kl
l m
u
l
a
-
n m
ul
l
b
u
P
n n n
Keywords: A
a n-A
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
,a
1991 n a
n
lu n
l al an
bl m n
Ru a. u Ru an
a n a
l all an
n m all n a
m an
amn
, a a
m
an
bu l
l
a
A a
m
an
n n a
n n na nal a na.
a, Ru
a R la
an
n .
nP l
32
,
R-A
a R la
n , Ru
an
u
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
GGRGf
A ka k a n n u un
lla b un a k l n al
m ,
a al kla , k l k
a a
b a k la la la an lma n an la ,
ll kl
lk m
bu alan ak al mala a
n l la ak “A ka
P m m
k m la lm
. lk m
bu u umun m l n
n
aka m k al mala a b l
n u ak kal nma l a a a a
lan u man n
a k a
akk n a
a
k m
a an
l n m l
bulunma
. An ak
n a a, n
l
k n mk l mn n m
, “b
k
lma
n
l l , A ka al mala na n m
k, a a
bak
a la la
l n m l
bulunmak a .
ll kl k
l
anlam a n
l kala n ak ka la n a
n m
,A ,
an a
n b n
al
n
l l n A ka l kala n a
b
n l m
nl m
b lm k
.
a k n m
al ka nakla n
a
k
l
a n l
n l n
n , A ka n n “
m mn n
a
“
m m n n ba
m k m mk n
. A ka k a 30 m l n
kl m
ka l k
l m l
n,
n
an
M k ka b
n an n n n
lk l n n
lam b alana kab l m k
.
a a 54 a
l ma k la ak an nm
3a
a
lk
Ak n , n
n k anu u,
bulunmak a . 2 A ka, ku
ba a A la k anu u,
u a na a ma a ,
l n
anal l
l nm
.
an n amam n a akla k la ak b
bu uk m l a n an a amak a
n u un a
an
2013
A ka m
l m
l n a 4,8 la ak b l l nm
.3 N
n u u la, m
a a , a
l u u
l, al n, lma ,
u an um, b k
b
n n
al
n nl kl
l
ulu la a a alan a n
k
a a k n m ka anmak a .
A ka ulu la a a a na a n ml k lan
a a
n ak
ak l
bak la ak lu a
n an
ma
n n l m lk
a an un u la an . An ak bunun
ln
ll kl
k
ulu lu
k l
l l b al k n m
l kala n a
lk l
n
A ka n n m n al, ma n
l b ka nakla k an n n m n
a
mak a . A
a l m
n ba lam A ka lk l n n
al
a
l m l
mala
k l n k b lukla
aban
a m la n l n
km k
.
a
la ak
ulu la a a
a na a k
l
k numun a bulunan A
Ru a b lk l ,
ba
u umla a k n
l kala n
kl
k M
54 lk l
2Pun
lan , mal lan
a
A a
m k a k um u
an nan n ml
3P
ula n
an
n l n A a, R :
:
.
ub
ula n-an - n l-a a (27.04.2014).
33
l
a
a
. m
la ak
-
u
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
28 l k
an na a
A ka lk l n a a la na km
nl A
Ru a, A ka lk l
l
al mak a la . 4 u n
l kl n
l
m ama la b l
n l k b ak m
l kala
lu u mak a .
l k
a k un u la n an n a k a a n ak
b ak m
bl ml
A ka l l k l
k n . unla k a a
l
l n bl
m
lk
m , m
l k n a ba a
k a
n ml ,
nk
n a mala ,
m k a k
k unluk
n an akla
lall ,
k m
n
a m l ,
k ulluk, a l k
unla , b lanma,
a ba ml l k
a
unla
u aman
kalm l k, al a n n l m m
lma . 5 u
Ru a, A ,
a nu,
n
A u a lk l
b k
l
l n A ka
l kala n
l
m n
ana a un u la
lmak a .
n ll kl k
l
l ku ukla k l
k a al
l k l n m l n bu
unla a ka
kl
m a l n
k a ak A ka an
kl
ka la n l
m l n
mn
a lamak a . A
ab l
k a mala a n an n n
l n
la
a k
u umun ak A
Ru a n a a b
“kanl
aa
n
lm
.
A ka, 16.
l ak a l k n m k l m l
nu un a
A u al
l l a a n an ba a k l l k
am n a m
n ml
a a l
la
m
lm
ba lanm
. 1884-1885
lla n a
kl
l n
ln
n an
n a n a
A ka
k a A u ann m
l
a a n an a la lm
.6 k n
n a a a n an n a
A ka a m ll b l n
l
ba m l k
a k l
lu ma a ba lama , A
a a n a k a a
n
uk a a
n m l
amanl la ak
kl m
.
Ru la n A ka k a na
n lk l nn a
a lk
Ru a na ka a
u anmak a .
n mn
Ru
l ka n a A ka a
n lk
a l
lu u ula ak
a ,
k n mk
lum al
ml
bulunulmu u .
uk a a
n mn
n a a
al m a ma ama n
n
, A ka
k a n a a
ll kl 1950 l
lla a m ll b l n n u anma la
ba m l kla n lan m m a l
n lk l l
ma n
a
ma a al m
.
uk a a
n mn
A ka k a n ak
l kala
ba a
l a u a an Ru
n m , 1991
ln a
4 u au
nau , R :
:
.un a.
a
bu au nau
(18.11.2014
5 a ba a
a , P bl m a a n . In: P l u
an
,ƒ›Çǣ͸ǡǎǣͷͿͼ͸ǡ . 14015.
6
n
n
l n, R :
:
.un
al .
n l
b l nn
n - -1884-1885 (18.11.2014)
34
u
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
n n k lma n n a n an b
n m lk
n k
l k
- k n mk
unla na
m a amakla m ul lmu u .
An ak k a
a
k n m k la ak
l n ,
l ka a
man a alan
n l n
lma
l n Ru a
a nu, n lla a ulu la a a alan a n m
k a an
A ka k a na n l k l kala n l
m
n m
m
.7
u al ma, a
l u u
al
ka nakla ,
k l
l
l
l k a
n
an
l l ulu la a a
l ka ak a l
n
n a an A ka k a na
n lk
Ru a n n
uk a a
n m
n a n ak
l kala n n
anal n
m k
. al man n lk b l m n
uk a a
n
n n A ka a
al m a mak
k an n ka nak
n nl kl n n a a lanma a
n lk
l kala
n l nm
.
kn
b l m
nn
km n n
n a Ru a
a nunun n n kalk nma la b ab
l n
l ka
ka am n a A ka n n k numu n ,
a ,
nl k
n an
k nula b a am
l l anal
lm k
.
I. SSCBǯnin Afrika PolitikasÇ
Ru la n A ka a n l k l
lla a n ba lam
.
An ak
n m
a
lan m
n
l kala n
m l
n mn
a lm
. al n A ka n n m
m
ba l
ka al
mn b
a a
l u unu, bu
n
al m n
a lma
n u un b
a a lma
n
nm
. u
n
nl A ka la l l nm k
n
nn
unla na
n a
ak
b A ka
n lm
. 8 al n n l m n n
l ka
lu u ma
ml
lmu u .
u
, A ka a Ru
ka la n n a l n a una ak
l kan n l n bu k a a
u ka
m
. 1955 l n a Ru la , A ka k a na n l k lk
b
k a l
la
an
n 1943 l n a
l ma k l k l n
, 1960 l
ba la
M
l
kl
m
.9 n a n a
lla a ba m l n lan
n
a , a , b a, ana, n ,
u an
Mal b
n A ka
k m l
l
l ma k l k l
10
l
l ma k l k l
n bu n A ka
ku mu u .
akan
an, l n A a ,
R u n Ru a-A a R la n , l ,
:2010,
a : 52, .47-68
8R b
n u ,
m
al n m: A mm n , Eu
-A a u
l :49,
a :7, .1317–1319.
9 Ma all n ,
anna, u
A m a :
ab l n
M l Ea
(2011), n P
.Pa
75. R :
:
la
k . u. u
n
75 (27.04.2014).
10 . . P n ma nk , E. . u a,
RAP
A
u , RAP, M k a, 2010, .9.
7
35
u
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
k m l
a a n a “ a ablanka l u la ak an lm
. u
ba lam a a ablanka l u,
ak 1961
l
l kl
n k l
l
a a n an
m
l k b
m ll
A ka a b b l k lu u ulma ama la ku ulmu u . 11
ununla b l k
u
, A ka a
al m
a mak
ama la
ml
bulunmu u . 1961
ln a
a ,
a a n an
m n
Pa
n n 20.
n
n
a lm
. u
k n
u
“ lu al
m k a k
l
k nn
a a
12
k n
ka al m
n
al m a lamak
am
.
ama la
l l an m
al
l kala
m l
buna ka n
m a a la n a
al m ba l kalmal
la .
, 1960 l lla a A ka k a n a
al m a mak
k n
ka la n a una ak
n ml
a a mak ama la ba
m
a k l
kl m
. M , Mal , ana
u an ak
m
a k l nl
l
l
ma a
m
n a Ru
n m,
Ru
n a kala na alm la
. 13 unun
a
anl
ml
ka
lan A ka a ba
lu umla
kl m
.
una
n k
la ak
mbab
ba m l k
m a l
n lu u ulan AP nun ( mbab
A an P
l
n n) M
ak kam Ru
l ku ulmu u . 14 A ka
lu al
n
nn a k
kana
nun ak “ mk n
a a n an
al m n k n n a lma , ba a
n
A ka a lmak
k a a a
m nl n nl m k
a b
k A kal
n
l
ama la
kl nm
. 15A
Ru
ka la n n A ka a a unulma ama la
a a n an
m mk n unulmu u . 16
1970 l
A ka a k n m k u unluk k m .
n
ka al m n u unlu un a A ka lk l n
al
l kala ba a l lab l
. u ama la n ku ulan An la, n n,
M amb k E
a b ba A ka k m l
l
a a n a
11 Ab
lk al
am an , Ma
l
n : 1800-1974, a ala a nla ,
1987, .156-157.
12 b n
n k , A aan
mmun
l , an
n
a nla , 1963, .39-42.
13
m
,“
n n n An la:
an A an P
n
al
al
an
ma n ,
n k:
u nal Ru an an A an u
.
2011
14 . I
Na u ,
P l
n A a:
m nn
n , un
a nla ,
2011, .163.
15 P
ann man ,
a
n u
n A a:
ba
P a ma A
a ,
a nla , 1990, .21.
16 A
an u n n
n n Ru a:
n ,E
n , an
In lu n
n
l m n
A an u
, R :
:
. na an. u n n
226 (24.11.2014)
36
u
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
l kl
lm
.
l kl
l
l n bu lk l
n n n “ n Ek n m k P l ka (NEP) u ulanma a al lm
.
u l ka a
l l
al m a lanma
n ba n
ana l
m
a
ml
u un al
l k n
17
u ka am a
ka al
lk l n
ml n n
l bl
.
A ka a M ,
a ,E
a, N
a b b
k lk
k
b
amla la ka nak ak a m a la ak, bu
a a a ana ,
al a
a m alanla n a l m l ka
lm
lanlanm
.
An ak n
n n n n Ek n m k P l ka n n A ka lk l
al m n
m aba ba a
lmu , a a bu lk l
a a
n a
n
a l ka al
l l l
a a a
ak nla m
.
,
uk a a
n m b un a
n an n
kalan
b l l n
l u u b A ka k a n a a A
l k a a kab
m
.
uk a a n lk
lla n a A , A ka lk l n n
ba m l k m a l l , a
ll
k m b a k la la a
an
umluluk l a k
ka
kamu u
k 18
l nm
a l ama
n ku ula ak
l l
n
nn
k m n
k n n nl nm
. uman
E n
ba kanl k
n ml n
m k a
n an akla na u u la lu u ulan
k m n m a lma l na ka
A ka l ka na ka n 19,
k
ml l b l l k l
ku ulma a al lm
.
m n ml m a l ka am n a, A n n
anl
ml
ka , nla n m k a k
n an akla na a l a lama a ak
mu al l n
k n
m k m mk n
. A nn
n l m
ama la
bu
l kala
b a, An la,
E
a M amb k
unla
n kl n
l b lm k
. 20
la
la
k Ru
k Am kan ka la
k nu u l u u
aman
uk a a n k ak b
lan
a n n
M k a
n ml
A ka a
l ml n n
na ka ak
m k a
n an akla na a k aal
l
bulunab lm
.
nu
la ak
,
al n n l m n n
n a
al m
a ma ama la
l kala
l
A ka k a n a ba a
lmu u .
n n A ka a
al m a ma ak ba a
l nn
k .
m
, a. . .
.
,
n a an nkl , “ u n A
m An A u
A
n
N En lan , 1964-69 ,
E u a nR
, l : 25, a . 2, 1996, . 34-36.
19
ma
lmann, A a
R lu an n l :
n
a an
u
nA a n
Ea l
l
a ,
n
a nla , N
k, 1993,
.74-79.
20
n
. un , “Ru a A m al
A a: Pa , P
n , an u u , I
A aN
, a :140, 1992.
17
18
37
u
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
b
k n
n a
. n l kl Ru
n m A ka
l ka n
lu u u k n k a ak
lumla
a a n ak
- k n mk
a kl l kla
n n
bulun u ma an
k n
a l
l
m
.A
a
uk a a
n mn
n n ma
ba m l k m a l
n
nla a A ka
k m nn
b kl n l n ka la a ak ka a
l . unun
n a
A ka ak
k n mk
lum al
l kl
k m l n
al m
n n l
kl m
.
, A ka a l m
bu u a
l
n la
lu ma an,
al
m
nl
la ak n l k a a ak
- k n mk
kl kl
a mak
n
a b
ba m l k m a l l n
kl
ka k
k nula a
aklanm
.
l
l
a k
n A ka
unla na
anl k
m bulab l
, an ak u un
n m
al m
k
m
n
a la
n a b akm
.
II. Rusya Federasyonuǯnun Afrika PolitikasÇ
1991 l n a a l
aman al Ru a
a nu,
lk
n k
unla la
a
- k n mk m a l
k ulmu u .
n m
n a n a n b
a
k n m k a lanma
n
n Ru a,
l ka n a a
n ml
kl kl
a m
. 1990 l lla n ba n a Ru a, m
ma
ka a
lma
m
Ru kamu un ak lk n n
n
k n m k k n a A ka n n a b
k a
l u unu
a mala n
n l A ka a
n lk a m
l n
u u mak
un a kalm
. 21
l n n A ka k m l n a
a mla k m
k a ak ba l l kl l k l
m k l n ka a ma , bu b l
k
n b
k ak b lan n a an a a lam
. 1990 la n ba n a
Ru
l
akan An
, a l ku umla n k
l
kn l k
l
a a na
km k
A ka
n
b l l n Ru a
n n mn
u ula
a a lk n n
n
bulun u u
a la an
la
n ml
b
m
bulunulamam
. An ak 1996 l n a
n P mak un
l
bakan lma la Ru
l ka n a n ml
kl kl m
ana
lm
. P mak
n mn
Ru a n n a
ba la lan
l kl nn
l
lama a a
bunun an n a
n
n a
lk l
l
kl m
lm
k
u ulanm
. 22 2000 l
lla n ba n a Ru
k n m nn
la
l m , b la n
ll am R n , a l
l
an A an a , nn R nn
1999, .46
22 E l
llal,
m
anka: Ru a
a nu nun
P l ka
n
, a : 65, 2010, : 189-236.
21
38
Publ
, Anka a
,
u
nm
Ru a n n
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
7
lulu una
k n
lk
la ak ka lma
l ka ak
a k
b
n a
m
. u
Ru a, A ka
l kala n a a b
nl m
luna
l l n ka
m
. 23 An ak bu l kala a Ru a n n A ka
ka al
- m
al
lk
ma
m
n kamu
l ma n
k n u ulama
k
ba
a
blm
l ka la a a n a k a u ulanm
.
Ru a n n 2000l
lla n ba n a A ka k a na
n lk
b l n
l kala
l m
n lm n n n
n
uk a a
n mn k
l k ka la an a kl la ak n
k n mk
alanla ak Ru
ka la
. Ru a, A ka a A
an n a
ll kl
ulu la a a alan a b
k
l m l
n n,
n
an
l a b ak l l
kab
al n
.
m
a
l n
n
n l
l l nan
n Ru a, n k
l n
l l n lla a ka a
a ab l
a klanan A ka
al
ka nakla n n u un a
Ru alk n n
a n n a lanma n a
a A ka, Ru a n a n n a
k l la a kan n a . 24 A
b l l
n a a lab l
n ml b
amma
a a ka na
.
n A ka a a
a mla a n an n l
kab
b l k num a lma a a Ru
k m
bu k a a
u an Ru a mla n
kl m k
.
n a kamu u
M n k a l
alma na a m n Ru a n n ml b
l
ka na
lan la
a
a n an a kl kla a mala a anan
A ka b l
n ml b
a a
. Ru a n n bu ka ama la na
ka n A ka
k m l
k n mk
l m
al
a
al mala n n a lanma n a a b un u u u al n a kalmak an
ku ulmak a na Ru a
ulu ak l l l k l
n m
m k
. 25
Ru a-A ka l k l
a n an n ml b
u u a M
m l . A ka lk l
n M
nl k
n
n
k
lan Ru a n n, Ru
k m
n
M
l nn
n
lu u an A ka
l l nn
n almak n ml
.
n n
2008
ln a
M
a lan
mbab
a
m
la
amba
u lama n a Ru a bu a a ulu la a a
nl
a k
23 “ a Ru
n
lA
u , R :
:
.
.
b
n
a
ll n
la- u
- E2 80 99 n
3 A9
l E2 80 99a
u (28.04.2014)
24 Ana
na Al -Al an a A k an l ka a, “Ru aan An la:
a a
Pa n
, AIIA
a nal Pa
n :154, Ek m 2013,
25 Ru
a R la n
A a l un
n , R :
:
nka a
. m
n m u a- la n -a a- l un
(24.11.2014).
39
3 A0R b
.14.
n -b
u
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
b u um lma
k
l
u kullanm
. 26 una ka l k
Ru
ka la n k nu alan b
k u um a a A ka lk l
Ru a an ana a
alab lm k
. A u
2012
Mk al
n
M k a l Ma l
b Ru
m l l n u
n
Ru a a
k ama l
k
E
a,
b a,
an a,
Ma a a ka
mbab
a al
bu u uma b
n k la ak
l b l . 27
Ru a n n A ka a n l k n l l kala n , k n m ,
nl k
n an a m lmak
a an n l n b l .
Ru a
n
lla a A ka n
ka nakla
n
a lan
a a ma nu la n n a k
l Ru alk n n
a
n A ka
ma nl ,
l
al a la l l nm
ba lam
.E a n a
Ru a n n k n
akla n a a
l
al a n an n a
n ml ma n
l
bulunmak a . An ak ba ma n
m n al
l n bulun u u
l n
a k
kl m l k ulla
bunla n ka l
l nm mal
l n a
mak a . u ka am a
Ru a, A ka n n n k
l n ma n n nl kl n u u a al
m n n lla n a amak a .
k Ru ma n
n
k
l
n
ala ak A ka a a n a a mla
a ma a
ba lam
.
u
a mla
ba l ala
a a ak
abl a
lm k
:
a
m
N l k
N k l
N l k
N k l
n
uk l
Ru al
A ka
lk
n. A ka
( l
l )
ana
( a N k l)
n. A ka,
Nam b a,
An la
l
a
l
Al n ma
n
1,6 m l a
2004
N k l Ma
n
2,5 m l a
2007
50 m l
2006
P
l,
al a ,
lma ,
bak
ka lma
a ., ana
N
P
En
P
l
Al m n um
n
900 m l
n
250 m l
la
n
Ru a,
na
.N. an
n n mbab
, R :
:
n. nn. m 2008
R
a a 07 11 mbab . an
n
(24.11.2014).
27 k . “
ml n n
nA a u
R :
:
u a. m 2012 08 27
ml n- n
- n-A a- u
(28,04,2014)
26
40
2010
2008
u
a
al
m
Al
a
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
I
b
An
a
m ma n
a
al a
la, Nam b a,
Elma
n
l k k
ƒ›ƒǣ Africa Economic Brief
40 m l n
11 m l a
400 m l n
2008
2006
1992
Ru a n n A ka ak
n
l
l l
ka la
“Ru a
a nu nun 2020 aban
Ek n m
a l
(
n
E n m
a
Ru an
a n 2020) b l
n
alm
. u a a ma n l k,
l,
al a , u an um
b k
ala l An la, N
a, u an,
n A ka
Nam b a b
lk l l
b l n
l
b l lm
.
n
N
n
l k k an al ku ulma la l l la ak
An la, amb a,
Nam b a
Ek a
n
l
m l
a lmak a . 28 Ru a,
A ka a n kl
n
an all
ku mak
n
l
m k
.
u ka am a n kl
n nn
amma
u umun ak u an um a n an
n n lan
n
A ka
a 2009 l n a M
n
N
a Ru a n n l alan n a . 29 A
A ka
a n a Nam b a a a 1 m l a
la l k u an um
l m
a m aa
n
bulunulmu u . 30 An ak A ka a
n kl
n
k l n ka
ulu la a a kamu un an l uk a
a la
k
lm k
. a n
l
nk
n a mala la
b u an k a
n n kl
n
an all n n b
k b
l u u
n
kl kla l
lm k
. 31
Ru a
u aman n
k
aml l
l
la ana
ka la n k
m
al mak a . 2006 l n a Pu n n A ka
a a
a n a
a
l
a lan anla ma ka am n a, 7,5
ml a
la l k a k
u ak, ank
k
a
ka l n a
a
n
n m n n kalan 5 m l a
la l k b unun
l nm
l
uk l
a
m n
l
al a a m
32
kl
b a l a lan
a
al kla ka a la na a lm
. A n
Ian a l ,
a R n : RI n
n n ,
ll
,
2014, .67.
29 “M
k l
A a l nk ,
R :
: n
.bb . .uk 2
8113385. m (28.04.2014)
30 Ru
a a
n
n Nam b a u an um ,
R :
: n. a a a. m n
u a- a - - n
- n-nam b a-u an u50552. ml (24.11.2014).
31 I A
aR a
a Nu l a P
, R :
:
.
.n
l bal n
au
-a a- a - - a -nu l a --1. ml (24.11.2014).
32 k . am
n
M
ll, P
n
m
A
:Ru a
n In u al
m l an I A m E
, AN E a n l k, 2009, .95.
28
41
u
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
anla ma a a 2,5 m l a
la l k Ru
la la n n a , 4 m l a
la l k
b u
al
k ml
alm
. unun an n a
Ru a, 2011
b a a m a al ka a na ka
ka ak bu u
A ka m
k n k n a a n a u ma ama lam
. 33
a
alan n a
Ru a n n A ka ak
ml , k a ak
b
k ak l n n a lab l k n, an a
A
b lk l
na a an
k a
. Ru a n n A ka a k l
u u
n lk
kullan ma n l k
nl ka am n a n l
kab
m la l
kn l alan n a ba
u an n bulunmamak a . 34 An ak Ru la
a mla
a ma a al lmak a la .
n n 2009
ln a
M
n
An la
a
n ,
An la
k m
l
l k m n ka n alan n a 25,6 m l n
la u a n a AN
A
n n m a a lm
. 35
Ru a a
alan n a A ka a Ru
k l n
un la ak
k m k
. A ka a a n a n ak
lan Ru
k l
a
m, uk l, Al a, Ru al, R nk a, Ru a m, N l k-N k l
n
. Ru a n n A ka ak
a
a n
lan lk l
n A ka, b a, An la,
a , m k a k n
um u
,
Nam b a, N
a, M ,
ana, l
a ll , ana
u .
A , n
A l A ka a
a alan a kab n
m
ka an mak
n Ru a, bu ka am a b l
lk l n
l
ba kan
n
a al
nl m
. lk la ak Pu n 2006
ln a
n
A ka, An la
E
a a
m
. 36 a lan
ma la a n anla mala a m a a lm
l l n
n n
a m aa l
lm
. An ak A ka lk l
l
lan k l
a l n a mn a
ma a
n l k n n ml
m a an
2009 a M
n 300 Ru
a am la b l k M , N
a,
a l ka am n a k l
An la
Nam b a a
m
. 37 u
a
n
a la akk n a
m l
a lm , b
k k nu a
ab l
k a mala n
m n
a m
l
lm
. 38 A
k . “ b a Ru an al
A m Ra , R :
:
.u . m u n
N
u
-In u
2010 02 01 b a Ru an- al-b
-a m - a
PI-33511265048778 (27.04.2014)
34 k .
nn l m a , a
la
n nA
u ,
R :
:
n na nal.
n .a
n
4118 (27.04.2014)
35 k . Ana
na Al -Al an a A k an l ka a, a. . ., .14.
36 k .
ll
u , “ a Ru
En A
u :
an R u ,
a
u
, N :25, Ek m 2009, .167.
37 k . “ a Ru
R
n P
u
n n n A a n , M n , 26.06.2009.
38 k .
m M n ,“
l u : a Ru
n In n u nabl n A
u
auM
nn , R :
:
.na n
. n n n- la
l u la- u
n - n n u nabl - n-a
u - -au-m
nn (28.04.2014)
33
42
u
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
n l k Ru
k m nn
m a a la , lk l
b
n an
m k nula M
n
a a
n m ka am na al nm
.
Ru a, A ka l
a
ml
kl m k ama la
b ak m ku um alla ma aal
l n
bulunmu u . unla an
lk
a an
n
A ka
l m
mun
( u
n
A an
l m n
mmun – A ).
A
n
m l ama
n A ka l Ru a n n k l l k l n
l n
l n m
a a Al A ka lk l
l
ma ku ulma
. 39 Pu n
2006 A ka
a a
a n a, a
ml
m ka an mak
ama la a
n a Ru a- n A ka
n
(Ru anu
A an u n
un l) ku ulmu u . unla n
n a
Ru a n n n ml b banka
lan n
n m ank a kan
la m
m
a a n an ku ulan Ru
a
En
a
40
lk l l
(Ru an
amb
a an In u
) l a a Al
na n
m
Ru a n n A ka a a n
l n m
al mak a . 41
Ru a, A ka a
n lk
l kala n n l
l bu a ak
n
k n m alanla n ak ka la a n an b l
ba n,
nl n
k a n a lanma n ama lamak a . a a bu
ka am a A ka k a n ak n ml ak l n n b
lan A
l
nl k alan n a a n ama a bulu a ak b l
akk n a lumlu
a la
l b lm k
. Ru
k m n n A ka a
nl k
42
alan n ak m l
l k a a unla
:
x A ka a n k
n m ll a mala
nlan mak
x El- a
l n k
al
m k
x A ka k a n n
a n ak
n l
k an l k
ka ak l k aal
l
l m a l
m k
x
lu la a a
u la
l ka ak l k aal
l n
nl m k
x En
a alan n ak a mla n k umak
a
b l
Ru a A ka a
n lk
l kala
k k l n
a mala n nl nm
ka la ka am n a
n k nu unu 2013
k . A R m n n a
, R :
:
. a . n , (27.04.2014)
Ru
a
En
a R m n n a
, R :
:
l .
. u n
(27.04.2014)
41
nn l m a ,
n
an n Ru a-A an E n m
a n
(24.11.2014).
42 k . Al n a A k an l ka a- la m
ub n, “Ru a A a P l
, AIIA,
a nal Pa
N :157, E l l 2013, .9
39
40
43
u
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
P l ka
n
n
l m
. 43 Ru a 2006 l n an ba n
M n n A ka a ba
a lama
l k lluk
n
m
a
n l
k
nl n
aal
l n
ka lmak a . 44 A
a lanma k nu un a a Ru
nanma
n k anu u
A n
45
n
almak a .
Ru a, A ka
l
l
l la ak
A ka lk l
l
kl l kl
ka am n a k a a ba
nl
a lama
ml n
bulunmak a . 2011
l n a Ru a,
m k a k
n
um u
, a a a, l
a ll , b a
u an a
nl k alan n a
m al mala na ka lm
. 462012 l n a
Ru a n n E
a
k l
la m
k n A ka
l
a
nl k m
nu la b anla ma m ala a ak Ru a an A ka a
nl k alan n a kullan lmak
2 ml n
la l k b
a m
47
nunu ak a ma
m
.
Ru a n n A ka a
n lk
kl
la
a
,
k a a ba
nl
a lama a
n l k aal
l n
m k
. A
n
n a
n an n k n
n b
k
la
a a
k numun ak Ru a n n A ka k a n a n ml
la
a
a n l bulunmak a .
ll kl
a ,E
a, b a
u an Ru
la la na b
k al
m k
.
k lm
In na nal P a
R a
In u - IPRI
Ru a n n
A ka lk l n
a
ba l a a k
mal m l
ank a a
, u ak a a , a a la la ,
lk
, u ak,
u
a
la la
. Ru a n n A ka a
n l k la
a
ulu la a a
alan a k k l
l
ma u kalmak a .
k
a
blm
k . Ru an
a n, M A (M n
nA a ), n
nP l
Ru an
a nA
b
P
n
Ru an
a n Pu n n 12 b ua 2013, R :
:
.m . u b m b 4.n
78a48070 128a7b43256999005b bb3 7
6389 168189 44257b2 0039b16
n
um n (25.04.2014)
44 k . N, Ru
a
ann
na
A an un
a
a n n
N a -k
n
a n ,
R :
:
.un.
u an n
.a n
I 7123 .
u
-N .
(25.04.2014)
45 k . N u
a m
ll
mal P a A a n,
:
. l an. u n
a m (25.04.2014)
46 k .
ann 2011 m n Au n l
u
Pa a
u , M
nn
E aP
n
l En P
nl A m , R :
:
.un.
N
2012
10518.
. m (27.04.2014)
47 k . M n
In
ann
lR
k
a ,
b
n l a MI,
n R
k
a
n m a A kan k
u a In ma n ma m a, n
n bu n
Ru an
a n n
A an
n nP a un , R :
:
.m . u
MP
b 4.n
4 4522981006 80344257A E004001 5 (24.04.2014)
43
44
u
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
Ru a n n
la
a
n,
A ka ak
a mala n
nlan
lamama n n b n
n la ak
m k
. u an b
l a mala a a an lk l
a
la la
lk
l
a lma
k a a
l a a
m
bu n k a a Ru
k m
Ru a a a n an u an a a lan
l
lm
. 48 ak n a
lk
l n a u
n
an b l l n k
k a a
ma um n ana a a
m
ulu la a a kamu unun M k a
n m n ka
k n a
m
. 49
Ru a A ka a l
l l kala a a
lmak n
l b
Ru ma
a a a ak k a lk l n n M k a ka a la na ka
m a u ma n a lamal
. u n k a a Ru
k m
umu ak
ka am n a A ka a n l k a l
l
m k
un a .
Ru a n lla a a an b
kl
A ka b l
l ku ulu la na
n an n a
l l
ba n ak k l l k l
n ml n an a mla a mak a . Ru
n m 2011 l n a
n , bu ,
n a, Nam b a,
mal , an an a, a , E
a
n
akla k 10 m l n
la
ua n a
a mla a
n an a m
bulunmu u 50. unun an n a M n ulu la a a
nuna a n ml b Ru ka k
a lanmak a . u a mla n
n ml b b l m A ka a u ulana ak lan
a,
m
a lk
b m l k nula ak
l
n l lm k
.
Ru a n n kamu
l ma
ka am n a a
b
m
Ru
l
k l
n A ka k a n a a mak a na
l l kl
k l
m k l a ma
. n ,M ,E
a, a ,
n A ka, unu , an an a
amb a a “ u
n a lm
l
Alan n a Ru M k l
un aal
l
a mak a . 51
unun an n a, Ru a
n mn n b
A kal
n l
n ml m k a a bu
m k
.
n
lla a a A kal
n l
l n bu a n a a a la m
ana lm
. 52
Ru a a
ll a a k l
u an ,
R :
:
. u an bun . m
.
a l 47722 (24.11.2014).
49 k . “ u an
u
an: u u
n
mb mb , R :
:
.bb . .uk n
l -a a-13767146 (27.04.2014)
50 k . Al n a A k an l ka a- la m
ub n, a. . ., .9.
51 k .
Ru an n
In na nal
n
an ul u al
a n
l
an Ru an n
n an ul u Ab a – R :
: n. u a. u. u l nk 1557
a .bR 8 7 . u (25.04.2014)
52 k . la m
ub n, M
“Ru a an A a: m n a k , Ru an
Anal
al
, 28 Ek m 2010, N :83, .4-8.
48
45
u
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
SONUÇ
19.
l a m l a lan Ru a-A ka l k l
n m n m
u ak amala a u a a a n m
ka a
l
k lm
.
uk
a a n m
la
am
n m n , Ru
n
l
A ka k a n a k n m ll ka la n
n al na al
al m
a a ak k n l n
A kal
m
kl
nm
ama n
m l
. kn
n a a a n n a n an A ka k a n a
u anan m ll b l n l
m
ba la n k a
ba m l kla n
lan m
al an A ka
lulukla Ru la n bu ama la n n
u ulanma
n n ml
a la la ak
l n
lm
.
,
al
l
n ml b a a la ak kullana ak u un lla a l
ka al
l n
m
l
la ak a amak
un a kalm
A ka lk l n n l
l
l
ma a
k, nla n
m
a k l n
kl m
. 1960 l
lla a A ka
lk l
ba m l kla n lan m n n a n an,
al m
m l
n bu
l l n kalk nmala na k
b
amla la
ka k a bulunmu u . An ak Ru
kll
a a n an A kal
l l n n
l
l m
k n mk
k a
akala
al m b n m m
b kl n k n, bu lk l n a l ka al
lk l l
k l ml n a m
. N
l k
k n mk
a l l
nn
A ka
l kala 1980 l
lla n nu
1990 la n ba n a ba a
l kla nu lanm
.
n n a n an ku ulan Ru a
a nu lk lla a
lk
l k
- k n mk
unla na
m a amakla
m ul lmu u .
n n b ak
b
k b
k n mk km
al n ak Ru a
a nu k a aman a
a lanm ,
l ka a
n
a l
lu u mu u . Ru a k n m k la ak
l n Ru ka la n n
n
al nma k nu un a ulu la a a
a na a n m
k
a a k u ulanma a ba la an A ka a
ka
kka n a
m
. u ka am a Ru a,
m amma
a n n ka lanma
m
a l a a kab
l b
a a
lu u ulma
n A ka a
n lk
ml
bulunmu u .
A
a Ru a aman aman ulu la a a a na a l
aln l k an
b a a
m
a na,
l k m ula a k n
n n ana u um
l bl k
M n
n lu u an A ka lk l
l
ma la n a
ma a al mak a .
n m
A , A
n b n ml ak l l A ka
k a n a kab
al n bulunan Ru a,
n mn
a a
m
k a u amamak a na a a ka aml
a l
l
m l
. n l kl
uka ak ba
l n ak l l
kab
b lm k a na Ru
m l n A ka k a n ak a mla
k
l k bu a ak Ru a l
a
lmal
.1990 l
lla n
46
u
I
IRIM/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 031-052
a n an
n m
ka a Ru a-A ka k l
a
a mn
ka m l b a
an ba
l bl
n bu a
k
l
b l
l
k num a lan n l
kab
b lm k n k u ak .
Ru a, A ka a lumlu b Ru ma
a a mak
n
ll kl
umu ak
(
) un u una n m
m l
. u a a
Ru a n n
m
m
l
a na a
lmama
A kal
l l n ba m l k a k l n
kl m
lma
n ml b a an a la ak
l n
l b l . unun an n a Ru a,
A ka lk l
l l kl nn l
n
n al na almak
mu a a la a
k m l n kalk nma na ka k a bulunmak a na
b l
m k a , ukuk
n an akla
b k nula
k
m l
. An ak Ru a n n A ka
l ka n a
n
u ma
k n n n ml k nula an b
k a ak n anla n a am
an a la n n
k l lm
lun a
k al mala
. Ru
k m
A ka lk l n
a
nl n n a lanma , a l k,
m,
am
n anla a a n a
l n a lanma k nu un a
l
l
l
n
al mal
. n la ak
ll kl A kal
k m l l ku ula ak k l l k l
Ru a,
a
l b l l k,
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Ru a,
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