Tam Metin - Karatekin Üniversitesi Avrasya Stratejik

Transkript

ank
a a kn n
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a
3(2)
BGLGG ÇA;I ve TEMEL DGNAMGKLERG oZERGNE BGR ANALGZ
DENEMESG *
Mesude YoKSEL 1
Kenan ÖREN 2
Hasan YoKSEL 3
Özet
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A SAMPLE ANALYSIS ON THE KNOWLEDGE AGE and ITS
MAIN DYNAMICS
Abstract
l nam
a
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n
l n
an
a
ll a
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n l
al
a
m
m
an
n
ual al
n
n
an an
a b n
ab u
an
l. a
a ,
m n
n ma n
n
u
n a
ll a
n m
alu
n
l
au .
A
nall , a al
an
m
n
m l
l ,
ul a
, an
l l
ab l ,
n
n
, a
an
u n an m n n u
k,
n b
a nal
u a nal
n u n
u
n kn l
an
a
n
l bl
kn
la n .
, n
u , m n
m
kn l
an
ma n
nam , kn l
a
an
m n n a la an m a , an a n
ual anal
a ma
ba
u n kn l
k , n ll ual a al, an
u a
m u a
ll a n n an
n a n
a
kn l
n
a .
In
a
Key Words: Information, In
n l
k
ma
n
214
n l
, In
ma
n
,
1.GGRGf
a am n m alanla n a k n n
n, b lk
a am
anlaml k lan n n ml nam kl
nb “
m
.
mb
n l l l m , kam l
.
a
m n lma
b
a a
a anl k, u a anl k
ba a l k m k . u ba lam a a
l
n
n anl k
kl
mn m k n
alm
.
n an lunun k n
b
k
n
k n
kl
n b
a lk .
la
la
m
n an
a nn b
a a
. a
n ba lan n an bu ana a anan
al, a al
k n mk n
ml bunun n m l
l
n l n
.
k nu u
m lun a b
l n a amla n a, al ma
l kl n
al ma al kanl kla n a b
k lma n k a
la ak
l n
l b l k b ka
a
la bulunmak a . unla
n an n
l k a ama
k a m al aal
l
bulunma la
ba la an a m n m , bu a mak n n n ana
kullan lma na
mn
a a kma na a al l la ak
a a kan ana
m , n la ak a b l n n k n m k b ka ma
al n
l
bl ( a ) n m
. l l n m bu n ml n lu um
n
nl
ll kl
b b l n n a kl l kla
m k
.
aka bu a
k lma n k ala
n anl n k n n
l
m ,
k n n
kl
m
nl m nn
al b
nu u la ak
a a kan b b l n n
am n l n
la la
.
1.1.Bilgi KavramÇ
l
nl k a a a k a kullan lan,
ula an, l
n,
n n n anla
n n m a an an ak an m n n a lma
lan ka amla an b
.
u b ka am lan b l , n l la ak
“
nm , a lama, ak l
m , kuma, a a ma,
l m
n
nu un a
l
l n
n l
n
la ak
4
u an ma
n l n ka na n
an mlanmak a .
unlukla b l
lu u mak a . n an,
n n
nm
aman
anl la an k a b a k lma an a l k la ak na
l
n
bl nn
ll kl
kn l n n bu ka a l l
b
a
a a
l m b
l u l u u
l n bl . u n
nl b l
n an a a
n lma a lma ka amla an b
.
l ,
k l u umunun
k
l
n k l m anlam
la ak n an akl n n
bl
l u,
k
lk l n b n ,
maluma
a“
nm , a a ma a a
l m lu la l
l n
k
kl n
an mlanm
. l l l l a lan b
k an m a
M.
Aka m
4
M E , A nan E , YÚnetim ve Organizasyon, 13. a k , E
a nla , n a, 2011, .374.
215
m
l u u b bu an m a b l n n
n l b
l u unu
n an n b l
n a n an ak b
kl
m
k,
k
ll
n a klamak a . m b l m alla n n
ak k nu u
lan b l a kl k ll
a klanmak a .
l m l a n an b “
un u u la ak
l n
l n
l n
m
a lamak,
n
l m k
l
b l ,5 b
n
b lm k ama la
k nm
u ukla
b
l u u .
n anla n bu ka a
k n m u ukla b l ,
nl k a am n
a
lm b l
ma a , n m
an a n
l nn
n
m l,
- k n m k a am n n n ml ka na
la ak
lm k
.
b
a
l bl
“ku um al ka a
m ,
lanlama,
a
lu u ma
n l m
b
l n n m l
.
u n
nl b l , b l
kn l
n mnn
a amala n n
b n a a
l almak a . 6
u k
bl
. l
a a an b l a a
l
la an n
b ka nak .
l
ka a
l
la m
k la l na a
k,
n m
lumla b l n n an n a
a lma n kka ala ak, na ula mak a
a ak u u mak a la .
ka a k
n an n
an b
n
lan b
la an an n a
ab
almak a, a lan
an
b
n n
a na an n a
m k
l . l nn
b
ll
, “
m a a la na
an ,
n
kl lan b l
k n a
lab l
aln
k n bl
ka anama a a
.
a a b l n n ba a
la l
l u u ka a ba a
l k la l
a a
.7
l , am
nn
,
, k
n
b
a amala an m
ana
l n b
n bl
l
n n
k
8
l ,
- n
umlanm
al la ak an mlanmak a .
a n a b ku ulu un ba a a ula ma n n n b
k
la n an
b
. a a l b ku ulu
nal b b l
a a an, bu b l
an n a
al ka nakla a a an
b l l kl
a ala ak
kl
k nl k
n bl
an n a ak
n ku ulu u .
k l n
n
k
ma
un
l, b l
un al
lm l ,
b
n
bl
ka a
ka a
lu u u u
lmama , b l n n
a la m
k m
kal
lma , b l un b al man n
a a n a
l
E I , “ n l
an P
man
n n l
k
am : A
n u nal u
an a
M m
m , Management Science, l 50,
N 11, N
mb 2004, . 1519.
6 A
m
, Bilgi ÇaºÇnda YÚnetim, 2. a k , N b l a n l k, Anka a, 2003, .
1, 2.
7P
R
ER (
. lk
l an), YÚnetim,
m
a nla ,
anbul, 2012,
. 87.
8
n
E, Understanding Information and Communication Technology,
anl
n Publ
m
, , 2000, . 1, 2.
5
216
ba a la
m
bu ku ulu la ak b l n n
n mn
kl
k lm
. l
n
kl
n bl n
k l ,
m ba a
akalamak a,
m
bl
lumuna u um a lamak a . u
u um nla n,
k l
n b a m n
m l n
a
9
m k
.
1.2. Bilgi Toplumu
n m
b l n n bu ka a a la lma
n anla b l
nm , a a ma a,
ulama a, l
m
u bl
bulma a
lam
. u u um b l
bu nl kullanan n anla an
lu an b l
lumu la ak ka m a kmak a . l
lumu
n anl k a
n n a kl a am
l n b ml n n
n
a ama
. u a amala an b n
a m
lumu, k n
ana
lumu la ak a lan
lmak a . 10
a m
lumu m la an n
a a kan b
lum u . A la
lumla n n
ban
lumla na n m n
bu
lumla n
l k a aa
m l n
n l k
n a m
lumu, b l
lumunun lu ma na
m l
kl
m
. 11
n anla
a m
lumun a,
b
a a an
l k a aa
m l
n b
k l ka na
lan a ma ba lanm la
.
lum al a am b ml n n lan a m
lumun a, n n ml
ma
a m l u u n n anla
a a n m
m l
a a
l k
ak a lan a a la n n n ml n
n al n
lm
. 12
a m
n m n anl n
b
a a an n ak k n
n
lu u mak a . An ak
m
k
n
n l
n anl k
a
n
b n
l m
la ak
l n
l b l . n an n
a l k, a l k
la l kla a am n
kabul
l n bu
n m
l m
n n lk ba ama n lu u mak a . a m
n m n an amam n
al a amla
u an,
am n n k n
l l b b n n a lma
b
n m
ka amak a . u
n m al ma l k l
am anlam la a m
n ku ulu u . a m k n m n n ak m l u u bu
“ am a (
- ku )
n n a
lm b
a a anla
m u u . Em k n m
k anlam la n
a a kmam
Am
I ANA (
. El
A AR), Bilginin YÚnetimi, 1. a m,
l b k
Ma baa , 2003, . 18-21.
10
A m
l n
E , E. P l n A E N, “ l
lumun a
l m l
A n an n ml
n nl k: En l k l
ma
alkla l k l P
k n n
l n m , Gstanbul oniversitesi Gletiçim Fakòltesi Dergisi, a 31,
2008, . 82.
11
n
A I ,
P l n INAR, “
m
n
n m
l
akla mla
l
lumu
n n , XIV. Tòrkiyeǯde Gnternet KonferansÇ, 2009, . 1.
12
E
A E N, a. .m. , . 82.
9
217
a m al aal
l l
l
lm
.
n anl k a
a m
lumun an, ana
lumuna, ana
lumun an a b l
lumuna
ub
a am
. u
a ama n n n n ml ak
a m
lumu u . a m
lumun a
a m al
m m k
b
u mu
lu , bu
m
n anla n a a la
k ll nm
. u
lum al a a n anla
mal
bl
m k n l uk a u ak, amam n kal kla n b l n n
a k
kl m l
ll kl n ba l , kn l k mk nla n
k
13
n k ka a a l u u b a am b m
m
.
n an n l m
n n k n ba ama n lu u an ana
m
bu a n ana
kullan lma la b l k ba la an
m b ml n
m
ana
l n
kl
a al l la ak
ab ka na
a
n a
n lk b
la
.
a
“bu a n amukla l l
la ak n l n
l n bu n m a
“ n
k
n
“ n
k
n b
n m la ak
m l b lk
a m
n mnn
n l n
l b l . 14 ana
a a mala
am anlam la
m ,
kn l n n
m
kullan lma a ba lanma la
m bu
n mn n
m l
n l kl
a a na
m
. u u umun
al b
nu u la ak
m- k m l k l n a al ka al anla
a a km
.
la
la bu n m n n n ml
ll
m l m l n“ nlk
a na a al la ak
kl
lm
.
l
lumunun lu umuna m l
kl
n
b
la
18.
l a bu a mak n n n bulunma
bunun n
ka na
la ak kullan lma la ba la an
n u un b
k b
k m n n a mla u a
lumla n mal
m
k numuna l
ana
m
. ana
m l bulunan
n kn l l , n
al a la n
ma na, n anla n a am
b ml n n
m n
a a n
a a kmam
m
alanla n n
alma na l a m
.A
a bu n m n anl k a
a n an l m
m n n k k l u u a amala an b
lma n
n l , n b
a am b m
a a km
. u n
a am b m n n m
ana
lum al a la a
ana
lumu nm k
. ana
lumla n a a k
ak a ama n n
n
m a ama alm
. a m
lumla na anla
m
a m n n a ma , ab kala a ba l k l l
m
u mu ,
k nl m
b ab n
m , bu a k n a
n
m
.
m a m n n a ma ba
lk l
amma
a a a a na
M m ME ER, “ l
lumu
lum al
Eºitim Fakòltesi Dergisi, a 9, 2001, . 72.
14 Nu
E N, Endòstri Gliçkileri, 5. a k ,
anbul, 1989, . 1-8.
13
218
m , Pamukkale oniversitesi
l m
ak l
a n N
208,
m , bu a a
a m
l k anla n
a a ka m
. 15
lu la a a
a
n
a nla ma na
a al l
la ak
k
ll m n n lk m ll n n a l
ana
m n bu a
kn l
n l kl
k l ab kala n a kullan lma a ba lam , b
a a an kalk nma
a a an
k ulluk
a a km
.
ana
m n n lk n ml n
a anan bu k ulluk anla
al ma l k l n n
nl
l n
nl
al
n
lma n an ka naklanmak a .
un al ma aa l
bu
n mn
n lana kan b
ll
.
ll kl ana
a
l
al ma k ulla n n l uk a a
lma ,
uk
ka n
l n
k
l l al
lma
a a n nl kl b l k
k ullu a
a
m n a lam
. ana l m n n k n l
ba lama la
b lk a m
akla n an k n l
u ka a
lm l
an
l
a anm
. u u um ana b l l n n k na la n a
k nl n
a a kma na m n a lam
n m k nl m
ka am l
a
m
. 16
ana
lumu a ama n an n a
bl
lumu a ama
lm k
. ana
lumla n a ana l m , ab kala ka am
n lan a k n, b l
lumla n a b l , b l n n
lm , b l n n
a lma , b l n n aklanma , b l n n
n lm
n lana
kmak a . Na l k ana
lumunun n b l n
ll bu a
mak n n n bulunma
a, b l
lumla n n ka ak
k
ll
b l a a n bulunma
kullan lma
. l a a n bulunma
l b lk
a ab
k ma
al
a a ka ak kn l
l l m ,
kn l n n bu ka a l l m
n anla b lm , b l
a a ma a
lam
.
kn l n n bu ka a n an a a n
k l m , n anla n a am n a a kl la ma a n
n lmu , bu
a kl la ma a b l
lumla n
a a ka m
.
n anl n l m
n
n
a
lb n l
a
b
n ml la
ml l k
n a na a
l ka
n a am n a a k la
a anab l
al
n
n l n 17b
18 b l n n n m ka an
, b l n n k n m k,
a
al
l
l u u, b l
l
m
kn l l n
ka a
l ml n a an
bl
n m
.
lk
n anl k a
n
ana l m
n
n a
n m
n a la am a n u an
n m
n k ala n an b
an
. a am b u
nm n n a a n
A I ,
INAR, a. .m., . 4.
Ek n, a. . ., . 1-8.
17
ann PERI, “
m nan
n l
l
an
E
n
Inn a n , The Review of Economics and Statistics, l 87, N 2, Ma 2005, .
308.
18
M a I A, Ethical and Social Issues in the Information Age,
E
n,
n , n n, , 2013, . 1.
15
16
219
al ma l k l n n m k n
l u u
bl
k n m nn m l
b
n
man al n
l
bu n m b l
lumu ka am
n m ka anm , a a l k, n a n,
n l k, AR- E b
m l
ka amla
k n m k,
a al
al a am
l n
m l
nl n
al n
lm
. unun an
a
m ku umla
b
l
bl
un
n kl n
a a
kma na
mn
la a a
m
a la an b ml
n m l
. 19 la
an n b l
b l m k l a a mala la
na l
a am n
“b l
ll
bu n m b l
m la ak a lan mak
n
la ak . 20
l b l kalk nma
l m
n n
a la lu u an,
al
m
l kala n n n n l al n
bl nn
al
21
ana
k l
l kl m a a
la ak kullan l
bl
lumla ,
lumunun
n n n a kl la ak, b l ( n ma n)
mn
m l almak a . A k n anla ana
lumun a l u u b
l l n n
l
m n
l, b l
m
mn n
l
m k
l . u u um a n anla
n
k
n n,
bl
m
k
n
u
l b
kl
a ma a
k
m k
. En
lumunun a m n
ll
m
b
bl
lumu a n
lumun ak
l
bl
l n
n
m k
. A an b l
l
la a nla an b l
bl
lumunun n n ml
ll
al n
lm k
k
ll m
l u u
lumla a na a an a la la n lana kmak a .
b
a
l bl
l
bl
bl
lumunun a k
ka na n lu u mak a . 22
l m ba a n n nan ml b l
l nnbl
m
23
bl
lumun a b l ,
kullanma
n kl n ba l l u u
lum a
a a an b
l
k n mnn b n
la ak
l n
l
n
b n l ka nak . k a la n
l n k l
m ak l
lan
ak, m k
ma
k n l ka nak
k numuna
m k
. u ak l
a an kalkmamak a, aln a
bl
lumu n k n l al
lm k
.
manla m b l b
19 An
AR REA E , Teaching In The Knowledge Society Education In The Age
of Insecurity, Publ
b
a
ll
P
,N
k, A, 2003, . 1, 3.
20
an l .
E, The Digital Person Technology and Privacy in the
Information Age, N
k n
P
,N
k, A, 2004, . 1.
21 R b n MAN E
. E a
EINM E ER, Mobilizing the Information
Society Strategies for Growth and Opportunity,
n
P
, N
k, A, 2000, . 9.
22
l
R , “En ma n
lumu
E m , Bilgi ve Toplum, a 3,
2001, . 16, 17.
23 M l a
AN I , Knowledge Management Through the Technology Glass,
l
n
Publ
n
m
, n n, , 2004, . 4.
220
l b l n b
bl
,
k ba na b anlam a
n bu ka nakla b
n lma
u umun a k la l kla
l
l b lm k
. un
nl “b l
lumu a n aman a b
l
lumu u .
al m n
n a l un, b
n ama
l
u manla m b l l
ak b ama al n
b nl
m k
.
u
l m
bl nn
mnn
n l nm n n ka n lma b
nu u u . 24
Ma n kn l k,
al, k a , a al k l
l a la an
bl
lumunun
l m m
l
n
l b
n lan ma
a m
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m
u n lan ma a
b l n an a a n kn l k,
al,
k a ,
a al, k l
l a an l uk a a la k l m k
n an
a a l b nl m k
. u a a
nl
b bl
k n mk
a an n ml b ka ma
a
m k ,
a al a an
b
l n ka l m n n
k k
l u u
a al
a a
ka mak a,
al a an a
l n
n a n a k kl
kl kl
n
n lmak a . 25
l
lumu a n n ma n
lumu
m k . l
lumunun ama
m k, an k a a
lu u mak . u
lumu ana
lumun an a an a k,
m n m l un u la
24
25
P
R
ER, (
:
l
E ) , Bòyòk Deºiçimler ÇaºÇnda YÚnetim,
m
a nla , anbul, 2010, . 77, 78.
ll am . Ma n n al n la an M m ME ER, “ l
lumu
lum al
m , Pamukkale oniversitesi Eºitim Fakòltesi Dergisi, a 9, 2001, . 74.
221
lan
ma ,
, n , amma
b. n n an na, b l n n
kl nm
lma
. l n n kl nm
l - , - al ma, - a ,
nm
b
l
n lana km
m k ll n
n ml
kl kl
a lm
. u u um b l
a n n n n ml
u umun a bulunan b l n n l n k l
m
b ml n
m l n
nnb
. 26
1.2.1.Bilgi Toplumunun Temel Özellikleri
l
lumu,
ll kl
lumun l n
lma an,
al
ka n lma b
kl
lumu
kl n b
k n lan
kn l n n bu ka a n an a a na
km m n ba l la ak
k ll nm k , kn l n n l l m n
a al l la ak a bun an
k l nm k
m a ak u u ma a al mak a . u n
nl
bl
lumunun
m l
ll kl
bu a a
u ulanma a
al la ak . u
ll kl
n b
ana
lumuna
lan
“ma
nl n
n n, b l
lumun a b l
kn l l
a
n
a a kan b l
m n n alma
. u a an a k l
bl
lumunun
kl
n n b l m kn l
nn
n
lan b l
l u u nu una a lmak a .
a a buna “ b l m l
bl
nm k
. l a a
ml
n blm l n m
l
n
l n
l
l nbl m lbl ,bl
lumunun
27
l
n l k, b l
kn l l n
l n nbl
.
E kan a
bl
lumun a b l n n
m l
ll kl
“
kl
l b lm
a
m
l
m a la
n
a n lab l , b l n b l
a la lab l lma l m k,
ma
a
kam
b lm
“
kl n
l nm k
. 28 u
ll kl n an n a b
bl
lumunun n n ml m a ka na
u umuna l n b l n n
ml b
k l kullan lma
k nu u
lmak a . l n n
ml kullan lma
k n m k,
al,
a al,
k l
l la ak
lumla n l m n a la a ak, bu a
lum
29
n k n anla n b l a na u umunu k la la a ak .
l
lumunu ana
lumun an a an n n ml
ll kl
n b
lumunun a an b l
al b ka
n a bl
a a la n n k k k
l m
m
. u u um
l
m
kn l l
a a n an
kl n n k
l ( l bal)
E kan E MAN, “En ma k
ml
l
lumu ,
( l an E E ,
l man
n
, a a n A
,
l IR I , A m
NAM), Bilgi
Toplumuna Geiç, 1. a k , b ak Ma baa l k, Anka a, 2002, .266.
27
n ER AN, Bilgi Toplumu ve Ekonomik Geliçme, 4. a k ,
u Ma baa l k,
1998, . 96.
28 ER AN, a . . . , . 96.
29 A m
E , “ l
lumu
n
a N la , Hacettepe oniversitesi
Edebiyat Fakòltesi Dergisi, l 15, a 1, . 55.
26
222
kab
a al b
n a
a a ka mak a .
ll m l
a a la
nl
a a b lla mak a
ka nakla
n an n
n n al n ,
nl
a lab lm k
.A k
k l
n n
n n
kl
malla
n an n b u un ak k
ku ulu la a a ab lm k ,
m al mla n a ab lm k , a a al
ka nakla n ak a ab lm k
l . u a bl
k
n ulu al
ulu la a a
la
m a b n l
k lm k , k
ll m
lan
l ml
lan mak a . l , b l
l
m kn l l
l n an akl n n alama a a
n
l a ula mak a . 30
l
lumun a b l n n
l
k
lan b l
k
b
m k l
al
lm k
. an b
lum al a am
b m n n am m k n
almak a . a m
ana
lumla n a l u u b b
n
l al an n anla n
n
bl
lumun a b n
l al an b
l alm
. l b
b
a a n an
l
, l l
, kullan l
n l
n
b
n
n a b
l u lmamak a, ak n
aman b
n
n b
l u lmak a . u n
nl “ n n ml ka na n b l
l u u bl
lumun a, b l l nm b
a
lm
n lk
ka anmak a
an a n a la b l - abanl ( n ma nba ),
n m
ml
n an- m k l ( umunn )
b mn
n n a a lanmak a . 31
1.3. Bilgi Ekonomisi
l
a al
k n m n anla n
l a a la n
b ml n m k , lk l
n
b
ka na
lmak a . A k
n m
n
lumla n a l u u b
al ka nakla a,
amma
l , u u
n a a b
k
l
a
lmak
lk l
nl k a lamamak a, k n m k
bl
a
lan n
ln
lanmak a . an k n m k
n ana ka na
lan b l
n ka a
k
l
, a l a, l
l
a la l a lk l n
k b
k lanak
nl kl
a
lma la l
nl
a mak a . 32
l
k n m n n ba lan
a
k
l b l a a la n
a nl k ka anma a ba lama kabul
lm k
. l a a
n n n
a
a am na
m , bl
k n m n n bu ka a
l m
b
m
m n
k b
k
l
namak a .
n n
n n
n n a lan l k n k a , nan lma
a nl k ka anmak a,
lum a am n n a
l m b
30
25
31
32
m
AR
, Bilgi YÚnetimi, 1. a k , a
, a. . . , . 28.
, a. . ., . 30, 31.
AR
, a. . . , . 25.
223
a nla ,
anbul, 2002, .
a a
al n
lm k , b
kb k n mk n
m n al a
n
lu u mak a . El k n k a
a la
al la
l n k l
a
l u u b
m m k ,
k m k n a ka
ka
a
lm
n
a
a mak a la . a la la,
k
l
l k nk a
a
n b a a a lm k , mal al
l n
k n l n ak n
l
n lan mamak a, an
a
n
an mamak a
b
k
l
a la mak a .
l
kn l l n n
ll kl n n n ula
m lk l
a
m
al n
lm k ,
n a n an a mal almak a
a n an a mal a ab lm k
. 33
lk l n a
a m ll a la amam n k n m k la ak n
ka a l l kl n ba l
.
l
a
la ak a lan
lan 21.
l a bl
ln
u ab l n
lumla
n k numa
m k
l . l
k n m n n lk l n l m l k
n
bu ka a n ml lma
n k n mk
mn
ll kl n b lm
k m k
. a
a
bl
k n m nn
ll kl
34
unla
l k n m , b l - m ll b k n m
.
l k n m ,
al b k n m
.
l k n m , anal b k n m
.
l k n m ,m l k l b k n m
.
l k n m ,b a k n m
.
l k n m ,a a
b k n m
.
l k n m , n l kun b k n m
.
l k n m ,b
k n m
.
l
k n m , k
l b
k n m
. u
ll kl
b l k n m n n a a k kn l k abanl l m l n b
n
l u u
n an n l ball m
n k
m m l
lm k
.
l
k n m , bl
akl b
a
unlu
k lmak a, l m l n b l
n b
kl
kullanmala n ,
m l n,
n
a la mala n , b l n n m l
ma a
l u unu kka ala ak b l
l
m l n
l m k
. 35
a u u l (2002)
bl
k n m nn a
l
ll kl n k a a
l
an mlam
.
l n k l k n m
ka nakla kullan l k a a al
a ab
k n, b l
k n m n
b l kullan l k a
a la l k a a mak a . an
n k n m ,
l
R , Enformasyon Toplumu ve Tòrkiye, 3. a k ,
m a n l k,
anbul, 2000, . 197-205.
34 . AP
an al n la an
, a. . ., . 46.
35 M
m
N E, E an
A , “ l nn
a k
la ak n m
l
l
n m , Seluk oniversitesi Karaman G.G.B.F. Dergisi, l 9,
a 10, 2006, . 27.
33
224
k l k anla
n b lluk anla na b akm
. l
k n m
l
k n m k anlam a n n
bl
kn l l
kullan la ak anal
a ala
anal
an a nla a a lmak a
n n 24 aa
k n
n an n
a a na
m
unulmak a .
l
ka nakla n n
n lan
lma ,
al b n n
a al lma ,
l n
lm
m k
l ml n n
lm
k
la mak a a a mk n
al
lm k
. u u um
k l
b l ka nakla n
nuna ka a kullanma a l m k
.
b
ll k
bl
unlu u a la lan
n
m l n bl
unlu u a lanla a
a a k
lm
. u u um
m k
un k n m k
l m l n
n bl
un k n m k
l m l
b ak n n n a k
. 36
Al n a (2001)
n
k n m
la ak a lan
lan b l
k n m n “ n k n m n anla n ll
l
l, b nl
l
bulu u u b
n a la ak an mlamak a . u
n k n m,
l
m kn l l n n n an ma b
kl
l l m nn b
nu u u .
l
n n
a
n
anal
amla a b a a a
l k
kl n b l m k
a la
ul u un a mal
m
unumu almak a la . E l n a lma b
a a
k numuna
l n n n , k
a an la n a
a a lama
l u un a
kl kl
n
n lmak a . En b
k
kl k a
a a lama l ula n n b l k
a k
k,
a ala n a a, m
l n -m
lma
. u u um b l
k n m
l n n n l
l l u unu, b l
k n m n ,n
k
b
a
l “a k n m “ n lm n n
n b kullan m l u unun
kan
. 37
1.3.1. E- Ticaret KavramÇ
El k n k
a
anal
amla a mal
a
m l n
al n
a la ak
kl
l
a
a a bl
k n m nn
n n
n n
l
n
a an n
m l a a
kl n
an mlanab l . n n n
la n m
l
l
m a n a a , n anla a
nl
anal
am a
m ,
l b
kl
l m alma,
nl b
a
kl
m
b mk nla
unmak a . l k aman l ml n
l n k l a
n
n
l k nk
a
n ala a , n anla n
l n n kma an al a a akla b
am n lu a a
n
lm k
.
E , - a
n
a
n
mala n l k n k
am a b l l nm
a a ma
m , mala n l k n k
AR
, a. . ., . 28, 29.
Mu a akan A IN A , “ n Ek n m
n
n n
l u unun Pa a lama
A n an a a
ml , Bilgi ve Toplum, a 3, 2001, . 135, 149.
36
37
225
am a bulu ma ,
m
nn
n
lm , aa
n
n
lm , mal
a
m nm
lm, a
n a
bak m,
k,
b.
m l n
mn
lm
kl n
an mlam
. 38
Ea
l m nn k n
n
k n
b alan
la ak “ kab n
k numun a .
, kal
k
m
b
ll kl
l - a
l n k l k ulu lu
k l
k
m k
. Ea
m a
km
k, nu
a an
kal an, a la n m
l n b ll b m k n a bulunmala n n
n n n ml k
kl lma
b
a
kl
. 39E- a
n n
. n n ,
a b u unun
a a kma la a amla
a a
k
m
ba lam
. A k n anla n n
n n al
l
a mak a, u ak,
b ,
n,
l
a nla
a
mak a, nl k a
l
m k , n ak
banka l k a m la a a an
l n
kl
m k , l k k,
u ab n l kl n
m k
l .
a a n anla n n
lu la
a kla
l ml
k la , u u ,
l
nl b
kl
a mak a . u a n n n n
n bu ka a
l
kullan l
u unun
ab n l n
. 40
Ea
n
b
n
mal
a
m
a mla n n
m
l
nl b
kl
lm
lm
. E- a
al
a
b b n n a a ak l n k l
a l lan a k n
a a
k mak a . a ,
a
al n
n a
ka l
n
n
amamlan k n
al ,
al nan
lm
l
n
amamlanmak a . A l n a al n n
am la ak
n
lm
n al amamlanmamak a . Ea
a a k
m k
a l k n,
l ma n
l, a n l
aa
lma , a
n
n l nn b
. M
l n
nn
ka anmak a
n n n ml
nu u .
a a an a
n n
l
n ,kmn
n bakma an
l
n
m
n
a lama , m
l n
nl n
nn n
l u unu b lm
n
nl
a n alma
. 41
38
. a a.n bl
e-ticaret-nedir- a ala -n l
(E m
a
:
11.03.2013)
39 P
R
ER, (
. M m
AMAN), Geleceºin Toplumunda YÚnetim, 1.
a k , a a a nla ,
anbul, 2003, . 57, 58.
40 a
A EM R, “El k n k
a
, (E . A m
AR AN), Gnternet ve Toplum,
An a n l k, Anka a, 2005, . 148, 149.
41 R
ER, Geleceºin Toplumunda YÚnetim, a. . . , . 58- 60.
226
1.4.Bilgi Teknoloileri
l m kn l
bl
kn l
, n ma n kn l
a n ma n kn l
a n anlama lm k
lu , b l a a
abanl b l m
ml n n,
ll kl
a l m u ulamala
bl a a
nan m n n n l nm , a a lanma ,
l
lm ,
lm ,
n m
n
l n a
. l
kn l
m l la ak b l a a la n
a l mla n a a l
la b l n n
l nm ,
n
lm , aklanma , k unma , l lm
bu
42
bl
nl b b m
lm n a la .
En ma n
kn l l n n a am m a k n l nm
l
b lk
n anl k am b “ n ma n b mba man
l ka
ka
a kalmak a,
kn l
a k
lm
n a a m a
l u ulama b k numa
lm k
.
l nu,
m b l,
l
n, a
, a
, ama
mak n , bula k mak n ,
b
l
al l
a an kal
l
n a
al n b
a a n
kal
lm k
.A n kl
l al
, l banka l k, l
a, l a a ma, l k n an , n n
b
kn l l l
nl k l
aman a ama an,
n kma an a la an a a
m
n
nl b
kl
a lmak a . E
n al ,
banka l k
m l , a
- l
n a nla ,
nl k a
l
b.
b
u ulamala
l
n n
a a m
k la la mak a, am anlam la b l
lumu a
na
m
a lamak a .
n bu l m l , b l
kn l l n n a ama,
al ma
n
b ml
n
n ml
kl
b akmak a . 43
21.
la b l n n k m lma l n anl a
m
unmak
n
ll kl b l a a
n n
a a l
la b l
n,
la an, akla an
l n “b l m kn l l
a
l n
ka am
a a km
. n an lu, b l m kn l l n n
k
ala ak, n l k
a a l
l
unla a n
ml
m k
lum a n
ll kl n u un la ak n n k ll nm k
.
n an b n ka a
al ab l n a a
k a a
b l a a la
m, mk b l
n an
nl n n
a
n
kl
l n nan lma
n l kl , u a a b l nm n b
k
n
ula ma
al mala
blm l
l m l n
la
kl
n
m k
.
u blm l
l m l
bl
kn l l n n a lma la l l m k
b
k alan a “b l
k
a.
k
l m kn l
E m a
: 14.03.2013
l m A I A, “ l n n A a alla ma
n lk a a n l
,(
.) l an
E E , l man
n
, a a nA
,
l IR I , A m NAM, Bilgi
Toplumuna Geiç Sorunsallar, GÚròçler, Yorumlar, Eleçtiriler ve TartÇçmalar, 1.
a k,
k
l ml Aka m
a nla , Anka a, 2002, . 115.
42
.
43M
227
a lama
lm k
. u blm l
l m l
m ln
b l m kn l l
a an b l
lumunun a
ll
al n
lm k
. u
l m l n an
a bl
a nn
l
kn l l
mk
l k n k, ak ll
b la , l
m kn l
,
44
b
kn l
b kn l k alanla
.
l
kn l l n bakan
n l
n ma n
lumu,
bl a a
l k m n ka n kn l l n n n n
a a la
b l m , a nla ma
lum al a a n
m n
an n
ku a ma
kl n
an mlanab l . “ l
lumunun b l a a l
m kn l
l an mlanma , b l
a b lma
kn l
a b lmakla
l
m k
. l a b lmak n ana b
k
b
m k ,bl
ll n
u anla
l n
a an a l
k numa
m k
.
a a an an m a
n l
m
kn l l
bl nn
lanma , l lm
a nla
lma
k nu un a n anl a b
k lanakla a lamak a . l k n anla
l
m kn l l n n
ll kl n n
a a la u ukla
nm
b
la b
k
ula ab lm k
l . u u um
lum a
kn l n n kullan m n a mak a, b
l
n
k numa
m k
. 45
l
kn l
nn
n m
bu
ka a
a n
kullan lma n n, k n n bu nl
m nn
lumun
k mn
ma n n n
nl n n b
n
a ak
,
a
,k a , l
n kanal
bl a a nbl
a
a ak b l
a mn
a
n lma
. l
a mn
kl n bu a ,
b l n n kullan m n
anla lma n
k
al
m k
.
l
kn l l
bu
l
a an kal an b n
ka al
n
m k
. n anla a
kl b l ak
a la an b l
kn l l , a an b l
a mn n
ml
b
kl
a a lanab lm k
a l kl ka a la alab lm k
n ba u ula ak
m
k numuna
m
.
a a bl
a n an
u bl l
almak an ak b l
kn l l n n
n kullan lma l m mk n
lmak a . 46
l
kn l l
l
mn l k
bl
lumunun
k n ml n
u un
m
a lab lm
n
bl
44ER
AN, a. . ., . 72-88.
l IR I , “ l
lumu mu, En ma n
lumu mu Anal k-El
l
akla m , (
.) l an E E ,
l man
n
, a a n A
,
l
IR I , A m
NAM, Bilgi Toplumuna Geiç Sorunsallar, GÚròçler, Yorumlar,
Eleçtiriler ve TartÇçmalar, 1. a k ,
k
l ml Aka m
a nla , Anka a,
2002, . 60.
46 R a
RA ,
an a nla a a a
m
l
m
n n E k nl
ak m n an
l
kn l l n n R l , Seluk oniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler
Enstitòsò Dergisi, a 11, 2004, . 410.
45
228
kn l
l nn
m kullan lma
k
II. l m ka aml
kl
anla la ak
lu
al man n bu k m n a b l
kn l l n n ka am n a
alan, l m n ka k a la an ba
ka amla a k a a
nl k .
b
1.4.1. Bilgisayarlar
l
kn l l n n m l n lu u an n n ml
l
n
b
b l a a la
.
l a a la , b l n n
ml
la ak
nl nm ,
aklanma ,
l nm ,
l lm ,
a lma ,
k n
n n ula lma
kullan lma
b
l ml
kl
n l k nka
la
. l a a la a
n
k
l
k la b m ,
k b
k
an a b l
m
mk n
mak a . A
a bl a a
kn l
n k
l
l m ,
b l a a la k
l l
b
a ak u uma
m , a au u
kullan lab l
lma na
l a m
n anla n
kn l
a amla n n b a a al n
m l n ka k a lam
. 47
n
(1996)
b l a a la “b l
n m
l m
a ma
an k b
l a
lmu u .
l n ka a
alma
n n
kl m k ama la
n l la ak b ak m
a lamala
a ma
n a ma aba
l
a l k bulan
b l a a la n b l
a n n ka ma kla an
unla n n
m n
a al l la ak a
l u u n l kl
a m
lk
a a
kma n an bu ana b
kb l l m
m
. 48
k alan a kullan lan b l a a la , b l
kn l l n n
m
n k k l kulla a a kullan lmak a,
n l n
bl
a a
l ula mala n
a lamak a .
l
a nn
ll kl n u un b
l
lm
an ak kulla a
l n
m ba l
l u un an
m
kn l n n kullan lmama
n l m
b
u um u . u n
nl b l a a
kulla a
kullan lan
kullan lma
k n n n ml
kn l k al
.
l a a
kl u ulamala
m
n a a kl
ml
k lmak a,
n l n m
a n
kula
am
anla n
k lm k
n ba a la na ka k
m k
. 49
ER AN, a. . . , . 73, 74.
k l a a EN
R, Bilgi Teknoloileri ve Örgòtsel Deºiçim, 1. a k ,
A E a n, Anka a, 1996, . 30.
49
a u
A E , Polis Meslek YòksekokullarÇnda Bilgisayar Destekli Öºretim
UygulamalarÇ Gle Glgili Bu Okullarda GÚrevli Eºiticilerin GÚròç ve Dòçònceleri
Adana Kemal SerhadlÇ Polis Meslek Yòksekokulunda Bir AraçtÇrma, uku a
n
al l ml En
l a a
m
kn l l
E m
Ana l m al , a nlanmam
k k an
, A ana, 2007, . 2.
47
48
229
1.4.2. Gnternet
n n , bl
a
kn l
nn
m l n lu u an, k l
l
m a a la n k n b n
n
ba n an
kullan la na
bl
n
m
l m mk n an an b a
kn l
50
n n ,
la ak
lum al
a am a
n
almak a .
b l a a la n b b n b a
lu u a ak k l
ba lanma la
a a kan
kullan la na - ma l, a ,
k n an b. b
ka l kl a a k nl l
m mk n
n l k n k abanl b
a lanma . n n
k l n
k k nula a
k l n
b
l b l kl
b
m k a
am
. u an mla a
n n b bl
n n a a b
k
b k
an
an mak a . A n aman a n n
kl b
k
n a
a n a
la a la ak bu nk b u la na ula m
. n n
a m la n anla
k k alan ak b l l
k la , u u ,
l
nl b
kl
b lm k
l . 51
n n n kullan m
n
n ak
l
kl n
ka lana ak a mak a . u a , b l a a , a l m,
m l
l
m alan n a a la ak
kl n
a lana ak l l n n
ka a b
k la a n n b
. u kl l n n , b l
kn l l n n
a n aman a b l
k n m nn n b
k
a l
k
.
n bunla a k la ak n n
n anla
an a nla a a n a l
m ba lan l l k alan n a
a lama
k
a a a ak, n n
kullan la n n
a n a
nan lma b
an a a a n
n lmak a . “N
kn
ba lan l l k
n a an a la n a
a a kan b
l m k n
n n bu alanla ak
l m l l l bal k
n a a a
ak na
m k
. El k n k n
k
n nb
k
n
m al n
a lmak a, a a ba
u umla a
l ma a l
m
lm k
. 52
n n
k n m , ukuk, a l k, n b l ml ,
al b l ml
b
b
k alan a kullan l
b
m alan n a
a
kullan lmak a .
n m
b
l , aman
m kana ba l
lmak n
mn
kl b l
u ak an
m
u ulamala n a, a am b u
nm
amla n a, n n
m ll
m , n
mn
kl m
,
m
m
n n kullana ak b l
m k
kn l
l
l m b
u n P R, Bilgi ÇaºÇnda Diitalleçme ve Yeni Teknoloiye Uyum: Tòrkiye
Diital Televizyon YayÇncÇlÇºÇ Örneºi, Ana lu n
al
l ml
En
, l
m Anab l m al , a nlanmam
k a
,E k
, 2008, . 31.
51
RA , n n
E m , (E . A m
AR AN), Gnternet ve Toplum, An
a n l k, Anka a, 2005, . 91.
52 AR
, a. . . , . 22-27.
50
230
m alma mk n na a
lmak a . u n
nl n n
lma b a a al n
lm
. n n
k kullanmak
aln
m ama la kullananla n a
m ama
kullananla n a n an l uk a
k . n n n
ama la kullan m a
l a, bu a a a al l la ak b l
a
a la m a a a ak, buna ba l la ak a m ll l n
l n
k lm
kl
k . 53
a
mn
a
n a
m
lm
m
1.5. Entelektòel Sermaye
En l k l
ma , “ u um anma an
nm n
a l kla
la ak b
l m nn a
l u u ka l b l l
l m
k
al anla n b l , b
n ml
kl n
an mlanmak a . A
n
ma , k l n n n ml kab
ka na k numun a . A
a b
k n l k k ba a , u
an a a
l u u n l k l
ma n n a l na
bu a l n
bl
a na u un
kl
n lm n
ba l
lmak a .
En l k l
ma
bl
un
k l
aal
n
l m l n ma
lma an
n n
lu u mak a, l m l n
un
kab
am n a a a a kalmala n
a lamak a
man n k k k an a k l m k
. 54
b an ma
n l k l
ma
“
n
u
a l kla n a k
k, na u un
n ml a am ka na
a la an
b lan la n a
nm n a l kla la ak an mlanan,
bl
a al
n b
ma
. En l k l
ma n n
m l n lu u an
n ba a n
n m
ba l l ,
n
ba ,
n al
a ma kala
a nl
b
un u la
u an b l ka nakla
la ak n l n
lm k , bu
ka nakla n a k
m n
n
nm n
n
lu u an n l k l
m
a lamak a . En l k l
ma
m l bl n
a lmak a .
unla an b n
al anla n n
m
b l n , bl
a an la na
a ma
n kl n ba l la ak
n n an
ma
. kn
nk l
al n
lm
a
n
l m lan
a ma al kanl
n ll n
m l
n
a al
ma
. En l k l
ma n n
n
n n ml b l n
n
n
b lk
a
l l
lan
ba lan na a anan
al
ma
. 55
RA , a. .m., . 91.
ba a n I I , Entelektòel Sermaye, 1. a k ,
km n
ab ,
anbul,
2010, . 206.
55 Mu a a
A AN, R
E ,
nk
EN, “
l
n A lma n a
Al na
l:
al
ma
En ma n E n m
ullan m a a
,
Bilgi DònyasÇ Dergisi, l 1, a 11, 2010, . 140.
53
54
231
En l k l
ma n n n
n ml un u u
lan n an
ma
, m
l n
bl ml n
m
m k
n
bulu la a mak n
an a n
l nn a
lmala
k n
m
l n , n ml n
al
n kl n an
m
b
un u la ka a an b
ma
. En l k l
ma n n
l lm
a lanma
n
un u u lan n an
ma
nlk
l m nn
a
ka na
kl
m k
an a nla n
kab a an a
l
m
kullan kla
n
56
n ml ak
al n
lm k
.
l
a
la ak a lan
lan bu kn l
a n a a anan
ka ma k k n m k a a
k
l kab , mal
m
unan
b ml , m
m mnun
n
kl
m k ama la kal l
m
a ma a,
ak l
l
a a ak k numa
lm
lamak a . P a ala a kab
am n n
la a ma
nu u
mal
m
unan ku ulu la ala akla
m ka a la a k a a
bln l
kka l lma a m bu k l nmak a,
m ka nakla n
l n
lm
u umu
a a kmak a . M u
an
l
m ka nakla n
l n
lm , an n l kl
, kn l k
a mla ,
m
m
l n n m, ka nakla n
l n
lm ,
l n
l , a l kl
a k ka a la ,
an a nla a a ba la
b k nula
n m
l k, mal
m
n ku ulu la n a a b l n l al
lm
ka n lma
lmak a . u u um aln a ma
lan a l kla an lu an
l
b
ma
l
l, a n aman a ma
lma an a l kla n
m n
a
n
bl nn
n
lm
al la ak
n l n
l n
n l k l
ma
l
ak n an
l kl
.
u ulu la n
, aln a a
l ukla
nan al a l kla la
l lm k n km , a
l ukla b l , n m, n l kl
b n l k l un u la la
l n
lm
ba lanm
. 57
En ma n a n n
a a
kan k n m k
mn
a n a
alma , n l k l
ma n n n m n
n n
a mak a . amma
n
u aman a a a an a a
n ml ka na a n n b l , k n m k ka nak lma l
n
n
k num a bulunmak a . u ba lam a b l
l n, a lan,
a lan
a n al nan
l n a l b l n al n
lm k
bunun
nu u la ak a b l
n m k, n l k l
ma
bulu
akan ER
, “ l n k l Ra
lama n ml n n n Ek n m a
n ak
u umunun
l nm
En l k l
ma n n Ra
lanma , Sòleyman
Demirel oniversitesi Gktisadi ve Gdari Bilimler Fakòltesi Dergisi, l 9, a 2,
2004, . 306.
57
n Al
, “En l k l
ma :
k
Mu a b
mn
Ra
lanab l M , H.U. Gktisadi ve Gdari Bilimler Fakòltesi Dergisi, l 27, a
1, 2009, . 235, 254.
56
232
l
m k, aklamak, a mak, a la mak b
l
n ml k n m k
al n
lm k
. 58
n
lk l
n n
1.6. Bilgi Gçisi
l
, a m
lumun an ana
, ana
n
bl
lumuna
l b lk
a a kan
n n a
m k
.
u
n m l l m l
a kl la mala a n aman a a kl
l
n
n m
m k
. a m n mn
a m
,
ana l m l b l k
ana
, b l n n al ma l k l
m
kullan lma la b l
ka amla
a a km
.
k l m n
ka
n n
un b
k l kullan l
a m
ana
n n a kl
la ak b l
n l m n
kullanmak a
k n m
n ka ma
m k
.
k
n mn
n a la
k
ln
m
ana l n bu
ml
al ma a a n a b l n n kullan m n
mn
kl l k n
unlu al
m k
.
la
la b l
,
a nn
k n ml n u un la ak b l
aln a
k
anlam a
n
l a n aman a
a
k n b
al an
ubunu m l m k
.
l
, ba ka b
a
l “b l n n
lm , l nm ,
l
lm ,
kullan lma
a lma
la ak
an mlan
lab l k l
al an k l
la ak an mlanab l .
n n,
an b
an a n a a a l m
a a ma,
lanlama, a a m, anal ,
an a n,
amlama, a m,
a a lama,
lama b l l
n
n b
bl
k numun a . A
a bl nn b
n ba ka b
ak a lma na
a b m a b al n
a lma na ka k a bulunan
abl
k n
nl k l n
kl b
k l kullanan b
bl
ubuna m k
. a ka b a
l bl
n
l
a n aman a kullanan
kullan m na ka k a bulunan b
l
bu u a
almak a la .
ll kl 1996 l n an n a
a a
kan b ka am la ak b l
,
am la , aka m
nl ,
kn
nl , a a ma
l l , k la , b l a a m
n l
b
ma
bl
lan k n b m l k ubunu
m k
.
l
nn bl
aln a
n lma
kullan m na ka k
a la an b
l n
bu
u
n
l n
l bl
n l
n bu ka am, a a a n b
k l a uka , a a ,
m n,
n
b bl
kn l l
n a kalan m l k
u la n
a ka lamak
n kullan lmak a .
l
nn
ll kl a a a
lm
. 59
ma A.
E AR , (
. Nu
n E
E N ), Entellektòel Sermaye, 1.
a k,
a n l k, anbul, 1997, . 40, 48.
59
a ER EM, “ ana
n n l
n : n Ek n m n n
n
,
Sosyal Siyaset KonferanslarÇ Dergisi, a 49, 2005, . 548, 551.
58
233
l
l
k k nula a u manla mak an
a k n
a am b m n u un k nula
a a a la b n m m k
n m m k
.
kl la ak
nm
a ulamak a
n k m
lmak a .
an b
l m
aman a a l k
n n
k n
n
l u unu
n k a a a a k l lmak a .
la
la b l
l
a anlam a a a a m b l l .
l
l
a
m m k ,
a
a
u mamak a .
a k
n m anla
n
n k
n m anla
la al an
nl l
a a
ml al mak a la . u ba lam a b l
l nnbl
n
a l l ukla
nu una a lab l .
l m nn
k l
n
nn
k l
nla
n
l uk a n ml
. u u um nla n l m
a a a
a aka l lma
nu unu
u mak a .
m n ma n m
bl k n
m kl n n
n
amma
k numun a .
l
l
n ll kl A
k lk
ll kl n
a
l ukla n an ak l
l uk a a
k m l
.
l lan
amanla n n
ml b
kl
kullanmak
n aman
a amak a la .
l
l
bl nn
m
kullan m k nu un a
a
lm
l ukla n an
l m l
n
kan
a
ka lan b b l
n n kam
lm k la lmamak a .
l
m , kab
am lu u an l m l , kulla ,
n
l
an a nla
b
m ku ulu la a b l
m ,
bl
a la ma, b l
a ma
bl
kullanma aal
l
ul u un a b l
nm l l l
n kl n n lana
kma na n
n lmak a .
ll kl l m l
bl
n m k
n ml b a
al k u umuna lm k , b l
l m n ku um
ku ulu la
ak l
ka
n a
k lmak a la .
n
l,
a al, k l
l
kn l k b l nl
lan b l
n mnn
n
l b u unun n n ml l man “ n an ka na
. l
l
la ak a lan
lan bu n an ka na , n m k ulla n a
l m l
n “k l
l man u umuna lm k
.
ml , a
l ukla b l
l
n,
nm
nm ,
n k u manl k alanla na ba l l k u an, l n a a k n
ka a
k n
k k
kl k anla n a lan bu k l n
k l l n a mak
n m l k
l m lanakla
a lanma
km k
.
ununla b l k
bu k l n l
kn l
ula ab l kl , u manl k alanla
l
l l
l
n m
234
lu u ab l kl
k ulla n
a a ka lma
n ml b a m .
A
a al anla n
l n
lm , al anla a a n a lumlu
l kl
l
m , al anla a al ma aa l k nu un a n kl k
a lanma b l
l nn
l nm n
al
a lk
60
u u unu ka anma n a k l la ak .
a a
m bu a a b l
al anla a a n a la an
b
kab n
a a kma , al anla n a
l u u u manl k alan
bl
l
n kl n n l kl n l kl
la ak b l l n
b
u uma lm k
.
a a kan bu kab
am b l
l n
a ka a la n an b a m n
lmak n
l n
n
k k
n
m , an b n
m k mm l
l
lamak a . l
a
n a
k lm m k
a n aman a k n
nm n
k
n
b
nm
am n n lu ma na ka k a bulunmak a . “ l
al an ,
n
a a k n m n
a an u a, m
b lm n ama
n n
b
ak lmal
. A
n
bl
n m a n an
k n n
l
m m l,k n n
kl k k
m l
a am
b u
n k,
k al na
k,
n
l ml
k
u al n
l
b lm l ,
b l l kl
Ma l
un
a la
P am n n n
a n a
alan k n n
kl
m
ula ab lm k
. 61
SONUÇ
n m
lumu ana
lumun an a kl la ak l l n
n
l
m n
l bl
mn n l
al
lm
.
la
la
ma
m k
un b
n m n bl
un b
n m
a anm
. u a an bak l
n a bl
lumla n a b l n n
lm , b l n n a lma , b l n n
aklanma , b l n n
n lm
n lana kmak a . u u um
n anla b l
nm , a a ma a,
ulama a,
ubl
bulma a
bl
ml kullanma a
lam
. l nn
ml
kullan lma
k n m k,
al,
a al, k l
l la ak
lumla n
l m n a la a ak, bu a
lum n k n anla n b l
a na
u umunu k la la a ak .
n anl k a
b un a
m u am
bu
m a m
lumun an
ana
lumuna,
ana
lumun an b l
P na
al
ER, m
MEN, m
AA
, “ l
n mnn
Ekll n
l
ak
la ak l
l
n an a nakla
n mnn
a kl la an
ll kl
, Dokuz Eylòl oniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitòsò
Dergisi, l 6, a 1, 2004, . 272.
61
, a. . . , . 66, 67.
60
235
M. YÜKSEL, K. ÖREN, H.YÜKSEL / Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 213-240
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