Pronouns - Alex Gahr

COMPARISON BETWEEN KAZAKH AND TURKISH DECLENSION: 1. Kazakh
Kazakh: Declension of nouns
Case Morpheme Possible forms
€•‚• "ship" ƒ„ƒ "air" …•†•€ "bucket" ‡ˆ‰Š‹ "carrot" ‰ƒ‡ "head" Œ•‹ "salt"
Nom Ž
Ž
€•‚•
ƒ„ƒ
…•†•€
‡ˆ‰Š‹
‰ƒ‡
Œ•‹
Acc -NI
-•Š, -••, -‘Š, -‘•, -ŒŠ, -Œ•, -•
€•‚••Š
ƒ„ƒ••
…•†•€ŒŠ
‡ˆ‰Š‹‘Š
‰ƒ‡Œ•
Œ•‹‘•
Gen -NI’
-•Š“, -••“, -‘Š“, -‘•“, -ŒŠ“, -Œ•“ €•‚••Š“
ƒ„ƒ••“ …•†•€ŒŠ“
‡ˆ‰Š‹‘Š“
‰ƒ‡Œ•“
Œ•‹‘•“
Dat -GA
-”•, -•ƒ, -€•, -–ƒ, -••, -•ƒ
€•‚•”•
ƒ„ƒ•ƒ
…•†•€€•
‡ˆ‰Š‹”•
‰ƒ‡–ƒ
Œ•‹•ƒ
Loc -DA
-‘•, -‘ƒ, -Œ•, -Œƒ
€•‚•‘•
ƒ„ƒ‘ƒ
…•†•€Œ•
‡ˆ‰Š‹‘•
‰ƒ‡Œƒ
Œ•‹‘ƒ
Abl -DAn
-‘••, -‘ƒ•, -Œ••, -Œƒ•, -•••, -•ƒ• €•‚•‘••
ƒ„ƒ‘ƒ•
…•†•€Œ••
‡ˆ‰Š‹‘••
‰ƒ‡Œƒ•
Œ•‹‘ƒ•
Inst -Men
-‚••(••) -‰••(••) -—••(••)
ƒ„ƒ‚••
…•†•€—••
‡ˆ‰Š‹‰••
‰ƒ‡—••
Œ•‹‰••
€•‚•‚••
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Singular
Plural
Kazakh (transliteration) English
Kazakh (transliteration) English
˜•• (Men)
I
™Š‹ (Biz)
š•• (Sen)
You (singular informal) š••‘•› (Sender)
You (plural informal)
šŠ‹ (Siz)
You (singular formal)
šŠ‹‘•› (Sizder)
You (plural formal)
Ϡ (Ol)
He/She/It
œ†ƒ› (Olar)
They
We
Declension of pronouns
Nom ‚••
॥
‡Š‹
•†
‰Š‹
‡••‘•›
‡Š‹‘•›
•†ƒ›
Acc ‚••Š
‡••Š
‡Š‹‘Š
•••
‰Š‹‘Š
‡••‘•›‘Š
‡Š‹‘•›‘Š
•†ƒ›‘Š
Gen ‚••Š“
‡••Š“
‡Š‹‘Š“ •••“
‰Š‹‘Š“ ‡••‘•›‘Š“ ‡Š‹‘•›‘Š“ •†ƒ›‘•“
Dat ‚ƒ•ƒ•
‡ƒ•ƒ•
‡Š‹”•
‰Š‹”•
Loc ‚••‘•
॥ԥ
Abl ‚••••
‡••••
••ƒ•
‡••‘•›”•
‡Š‹‘•›”•
•†ƒ›•ƒ
‡Š‹‘• ••‘ƒ
‰Š‹‘• ‡••‘•›‘•
‡Š‹‘•›‘•
•†ƒ›‘ƒ
‡Š‹‘•• ••ƒ•
‰Š‹‘•• ‡••‘•›‘•• ‡Š‹‘•›‘•• •†ƒ›‘ƒ•
Inst ‚••Š‚•• ‡••Š‚•• ‡Š‹‰•• •••‚•• ‰Š‹‰•• ‡••‘•›‚•• ‡Š‹‘•›‚•• •†ƒ›‚••
Source: (13 Aug. ž09)
http://en.wikipedia.org/w
iki/Kazakh_language
COMPARISON BETWEEN KAZAKH AND TURKISH DECLENSION: 2. Turkish
Turkish: Declension of nouns
Case Morpheme Possible forms
gemi "ship" hava "air" kova "bucket" havuŸ "carrot" ba "head" tuz "salt"
Nom Ž
Ž
gemi
hava
kova
havuŸ
ba
tuz
Acc -YI
-(voc+y)Š, -(y)¡, -(y)¢, -(y)u
gemiyi
havay¢
kovay¢
havuŸu
ba ¢
tuzu
Gen -Nin
-(voc+n)Šn, -(n)¡n, -(n)¢n, -(n)un geminin
havan¢n
kovan¢n
havuŸun
ba ¢n
tuzun
Dat -YA
-(voc+y)e, -(y)a
gemiye
havaya
kovaya
havuŸa
bƒ ƒ
tuza
Loc -DA
-d•, -dƒ, -t•, -tƒ
gemide
havada
kovada
havuŸta
bƒ Œƒ
tuzda
Abl -DAn
-d•n, -dƒn, -t•n, -tƒn
gemiden
havadan
kovadan
havuŸtan
ba tan
tuzdƒn
Inst -YlA
-(y)le, -(y)la
gemiyle
havayle
kovayle
havuŸla
ba la
tuzla
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Singular
Plural
Turkish (transliteration) English
Turkish (transliteration) English
Ben (Ben)
I
™Š‹ (Biz)
š•• (Sen)
You (singular informal) ----
You (plural informal)
(Siz) € 2. Prs. Pl.
You (singular formal)
šŠ‹ (Siz)
You (plural formal)
œ (O)
He/She/It
Onlar (Onlar)
They
We
Declension of pronouns
Nom ben
sen
o
biz
siz
onlar
Acc beni
seni
onu
bizi
sizi
onlar¢
Gen benim
senin
onun
bizim
sizdin onlar¢n
Dat bana
sana
ona
bize
size
Loc bende
sende onda
bizde
sizde onlarda
onlara
Abl benden senden ondan bizden sizden onlardan
Inst benimle seninle onunla bizimle sizinle onlarla
Source: (13 Aug. ž09)
http://www.turkishlanguage.co.uk
/personalpronouns.htm and
SCHEFFLER, K.-H.: Einstieg
Türkisch, Hueber Verlag,
Ismaning, 2000.
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