YDS Reading Vocabulary Test 47: Exercising in The Heat
Transkript
erginhoca.com – YDS Reading Vocabulary Test 47: Exercising in The Heat Exercise alone can be hard, but exercising in the heat is a whole lot harder. Put simply, this is due to the balance between how much heat the body generates and how much it is capable of losing. Muscles that are active during exercise demand more energy and, consequently, increased blood supply and delivery of oxygen. This means the heart has to work harder to re-circulate blood to the active muscles. Exercising muscles also generate heat, as a by-product of chemical reactions inside cells. This increases core body temperature which, if not compensated for, can compromise the ongoing function of the central nervous system and/or muscle cells themselves. To lose heat, blood needs to be sent to the small arteries under the skin surface, so that heat transfer can take place via radiation. Sweating alone is relatively ineffective if this re-distribution of blood does not occur concurrently. So when exercise occurs under circumstances where heat loss is challenged, more blood needs to be directed to the skin at the same time as this blood is needed in the muscles to increase workload. A competition therefore develops between the skin and working muscles for the limited maximal blood flow that the heart can manage. 1. tek başına egzersiz bile exercising in the heat sıcakta egzersiz yapmak whole lot harder çok daha zor put simply basitçe söylemek gerekirse generate heat ısı üretmek capable of losing demand more energy kaybetme kapasitesine sahip daha fazla enerji talep etmek consequently sonuç olarak increase blood supply artan kan ihtiyacı delivery of oxygen oksijen gönderimi re-circulate blood kanı yeniden dolaştırmak by-product of chemical reactions in the cell hücredeki kimyasal reaksiyonların yan ürünü core body temperature vücut ısısı if not compensated dengelenmezse compromise ongoing function süregelen faaliyeti bozmak central nervous system merkezi sinir sistemi lose heat ısı kaybetmek a) muscle cramps occur considerably more often small arteries küçük atar damarlar b) it becomes much harder both to lose excess heat and to ensure sufficient blod flow under the skin surface deri yüzeyinin altında heat transfer via radiation ışınım yoluyla ısı kaybı sweating terleme d) energy generation comes to a screeching halt re-distrbution of blood kanın yeniden dağıtımı e) the central nervous system shuts down when the core body temperature is above average occur concurrently It can be inferred from the passage that it is far more challenging to exercise in the heat because -----. c) the oxygen reserves in the body get depleted really quickly 2. exercise alone It can be concluded from the passage that ----. a) the heart functions rather sluggishly as the core body temperature rises b) sweating is the most effective solution of the body against heat exhaustion c) poor blood circulation prevents the body from cooling down while exercising d) the body undergoes hardly any stress as a result of physical activity in the heat e) failure to lose heat may immediately result in fatalities, especially among the elderly circumstances where heat loss is challenged aynı anda meydana gelmek ısı kaybının sekteye uğradığı durumlarda direct to the skin deriye yönlendirmek increase workload iş yükünü arttırmak competition rekabet, yarışma limited maximal flow kısıtlanmış maksimum akış far more challenging çok daha zorlu muscle cramps kas krampları excess heat fazla ısı sufficient blod flow yeterli kan akışı Bu kaynak sadece bireysel çalışmalar için düzenlenmiştir. İletişim: [email protected] erginhoca.com – YDS Reading Vocabulary Test 47: Exercising in The Heat Altı çizili kelimenin yerine kullanılabilecek olan eş anlamlı kelimeyi seçiniz. 3. Boşlukları aşağıda verilen kelimelerlenden en uygun olanlarla doldurunuz. Exercise alone can be hard, but exercising in the heat is a whole lot harder. concurrent, capable, ongoing, limited, relative a) peculiar b) challenging 7. Candidates ----- of dealing with unexpected challenges will be prioritized during the recruitment process. 8. Prices soar substantially when supply is -----. 9. ----- efforts by both parties ensured a possibly long-lasting agreement, as predicted earlier. c) straightforward d) notable e) persistent 4. Sweating alone is relatively ineffective if this re-distribution of blood does not occur concurrently. 10. Currently ----- researches on extraterrestrial life forms are insufficiently funded due to protests. a) simultaneously b) subsequently c) formerly generate, compensate, compromise, distribute, compete d) respectively e) supposedly 5. Muscles that are active during exercise demand more energy and, consequently, increased blood supply and delivery of oxygen. a) rather b) otherwise c) nonetheless 11. The latest model of iPhone is due to ----- a lot more profit than the previous one. 12. Athletes that will ----- in the Olympic Games train heavily in order to outperform the others. 13. Airports take strict security mesures in order not to ----- the safety of the passengers. 14. Nothing will ever ----- for the damage caused by abuse. Altı çizili kelimenin zıt anlamlısını seçiniz. d) besides e) therefore 6. When exercise occurs under circumstances where heat loss is challenged, more blood needs to be directed to the skin. 15. To lose heat, blood needs to be sent to the small arteries under the skin surface, so that heat transfer can take place via radiation. a) major b) minuscule a) consequence c) modest b) coincidence d) moderate c) incidence e) meager d) jeopardy e) resignation Bu kaynak sadece bireysel çalışmalar için düzenlenmiştir. İletişim: [email protected] erginhoca.com – YDS Reading Vocabulary Test 47: Exercising in The Heat Cevap Anahtarı 1) b 2) c 3) b 4) a 5) e 6) c 7) capable 8) limited 9) concurrent 10) ongoing 11) generate 12) compete 13) compromise 14) compensate 15) a Türkçe Çeviri Egzersiz yapmak tek başına bile zordur, fakat sıcakta egzersiz yapmak çok daha zordur. Basitçe söylemek gerekirse, bu vücudun ne kadar ısı ürettiği ve ne kadar kaybedebildiği arasındaki denge yüzündendir. Egzersiz esnasında aktif olan kaslar daha fazla enerji, kan ve oksijen gönderimine ihtiyaç duyarlar. Bu kalbin kanı aktif kaslara yeniden göndermek için daha sıkı çalışmak zorunda olduğu anlamına gelir. Kasları hareket ettirmek te hücre içerisindeki kimyasal reaksiyonların yan ürünü olarak ısı üretirler. Bu, eğer dengelenmezse merkezi sinir sisteminin ve/veya kasların kendisinin devam etmekte olan faaliyetine zarar verebilen ana vücut ısısını yükseltir. Isı kaybetmek için, ışıma vasıtasıyla ısı transferi meydana gelebilsin diye kan deri altındaki küçük atardamarlara gönderilmelidir. Eğer bu kan dağıtımı aynı anda meydana gelmezse terleme etkisizdir. Bu yüzden ısı kaybının sekteye uğradığı durumlarda egzersiz yapılırsa, iş yükünü arttırmak için bu kana ihtiyaç duyulduğundan deriye aynı anda daha fazla kan yönlendirilmelidir. Bu yüzden deri ve çalışan kaslar arasında kalbin yönetibileceği kısıtlı maksimum kan akışı için rekabet ortaya çıkar. Bu kaynak sadece bireysel çalışmalar için düzenlenmiştir. İletişim: [email protected]
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