`Capital City of History` Aksaray Arkeoloji M esi Aksaray Museum of
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`Capital City of History` Aksaray Arkeoloji M esi Aksaray Museum of
OCAK-êUBAT-MART 2013 JANUARY-FEBRUARY-MARCH 2013 SAYI 8 ISSUE 8 Tarihin baékenti EFES EPHESUS ‘Capital City of History’ Aksaray Arkeoloji Müzesi Aksaray Museum of Archaeology Görücü portreler Matchmaking portraits Kastamonu Müzesi Kastamonu Museum Santralistanbul Santralistanbul Attaleia’nn kayp harfleri Attaleia’s Missing Metal Letters Çin’in ölümsüz ordusu: Taé askerler China’s immortal army: the Terra Cotta soldiers Savaén gölgesinde nilüferler Monet Lilies under the shadow of war Monet Bir öæretinin izinde Hacbektaé Veli Müzesi Following wisdom’s traces Hacbektaé Veli Museum MUSEUMS YOU CAN VISIT WITH MUSEUM PASS İSTANBUL : Hagia Sophia Museum İstanbul Archaeological Museums İstanbul Mosaic Museum Chora Museum Topkapı Palace Museum and Harem Apartments Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts ADVANTAGE POINTS : BKG Museum Shops and Cafes City Windows Bosphorus Sightseeing Tour By Gök Global Faruk Yalçın Animal Kingdom and Botanical Garden GES Shops İstanbul Aquarium İstanbul Archaeological Museums Shop İstanbul Sightseeing Tours By Plan Tours Jurassic Land Mainden’s Tower Rahmi M. Koç Museum Sadberk Hanım Museum Sakıp Sabancı Museum Sapphire Observation Desk Torium Snowpark Touring Club Publications and İstanbul Handicrafts Center Turkuazoo Aquarium Türvak Cinema -Theater Museum The gates of history are wide open with the Museum Pass İstanbul. With this card, you will be able to visit the historical and cultural treasures of İstanbul, the capital city of three empires, whose history dates back over more than 9 thousand years, free of charge and without having to queue. The advantages offered to holders of the Museum Pass İstanbul aren’t just limited to this; attractive discounts await at the city’s elite private museums, together with arts and entertainments venues, museum shops and GES Shops. 2&$.ê8%$70$57-$18$5<)(%58$5<0$5&+6$<,,668( içindekiler 7DULKLQEDéNHQWLEFES EPHESUS ‘Capital City of History’ Aksaray$UNHRORML0]HVL Aksaray Museum of Archaeology *|UFSRUWUHOHU Matchmaking portraits Kastamonu0]HVL Kastamonu Museum SantralLVWDQEXO Santralistanbul $WWDOHLD©QÇQND\ÇSKDUIOHUL Attaleia’s Missing Metal Letters dLQ©LQ|OPV]RUGXVX 7DéDVNHUOHU China’s immortal army: the Terra Cotta soldiers 6DYDéÇQJ|OJHVLQGH nilüferler0RQHW Lilies under the shadow of war Monet %LU|æUHWLQLQL]LQGH +DFÇEHNWDé9HOL0]HVL Following wisdom’s traces +DFÇEHNWDé9HOL0XVHXP 5 %Dê\D]Ç 24 dDçODUÇ.XFDNOD\DQ%LU0]H $.6$5$<$5.(2/2-è0h=(6è 30 %LUgçUHWLQLQè]LQGH +$&,%(.7$é9(/è0h=(6è 42 $1$'2/8.è/è0/(5è %X'HVHQOHU+LND\HOHU$QODWÇ\RU 48 6DYDêÇQ*|OJHVLQGH1LOIHUOHU 54 %DWÇ.DUDGHQL]©LQ7DULKLYH .OWU%XUDGD .$67$02180h=(6è 60 *|UF3RUWUHOHU 64 $WWDOHLD©QÇQ.D\ÇS+DUIOHUL 70 +DEHUWXUX 72 7DNYLP 76 7h56$%å070P]HUHKEHUL 78 7h56$%å070P]HKDULWD 8 16 36 ()(6 7DULKLQ%DêNHQWL dLQ©LQgOPV]2UGXVX 7$é$6.(5/(5 (OHNWULN6DQWUDOÇQGDQ0]H\H 6$175$/è67$1%8/ 2FDNåéXEDWå0DUW 2013 6D\Ç -DQXDU\å)HEUXDU\å0DUFK 2013 ,VVXH 7$%/(2)&217(176 8 (3+(686 ¨&DSLWDO&LW\RI+LVWRU\© 16 &KLQD©VLPPRUWDODUP\ 7+(7(55$&277$62/',(56 36 )URP(OHFWULF3RZHU3ODQWWR0XVHXP 6$175$/,67$1%8/ (GLWRULDO 5 $0XVHXP(PEUDFLQJ7KH$JHV $.6$5$<086(802) $5&+$(2/2*< 24 )ROORZLQJ:LVGRP©V7UDFHV +$&,%(.7$é9(/è086(80 30 7KHVH3DWWHUQV$UH7HOOLQJ6WRULHV $1$72/,$1.,/,06 42 /LOLHV8QGHU7KH6KDGRZ2I:DU 48 7+(.$67$0218086(80 :HVWHUQ%ODFN6HD©V +LVWRU\$QG&XOWXUH 54 0DWFKPDNLQJ3RUWUDLWV 60 $WWDOHLD©V0LVVLQJ0HWDO/HWWHUV 64 1HZVLQRYHUYLHZ 70 Calendar 72 7h56$%å070PXVHXPVJXLGH 76 7h56$%å070PDSRIPXVHXPV 78 3 7h56$%070èé257$./,æ,7$5$),1'$1hd$<'$%è5<$<,1/$1,5 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE TÜRSAB-MTM JOINT VENTURE 7h56$%070èê2UWDNOÈçÈDGÈQD6$+è%è7h56$%<g1(7è0.858/8%$é.$1, 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Ephesus (left page, left), ruins of the Temple of Artemis (left page, right). Front details of the Celsus Library (above, right), a Seven Sleepers Grotto sarcophagus (below, left), representative statue at the entrance of the Mother Mary’s House (below, right). 11 RUWD\Do×NDU×OP×ñND]×VRQXFXQGDYH\]\×ODDLWRODQPH]DUODUGD EXOXQPXñ <HGL8\XUODU$VKDE×.HKI3DJDQNOWUQGHQ+ULVWL\DQO×óD RUDGDQGD0VOPDQO×óDX]DQDQVUHoWHIDUNO×HWNLOHñLPOHUH|UQHN ROPXñELUNOW ëVDEH\&DPLL ´1HVLYDU"µGHUVHQL]KHPHQV|\OH\HOLP(IHV·LQHQJ]HOFDPLVL %XUDV×NHQWWHNLGLóHU\DS×ODUDJ|UHHSH\\HQLDPD\LQHGHIDUNO× LQDQoODU×QELUDUDGDEXOXQPDV×EDN×P×QGDQ|QHPOL\×O×QGD $\G×QRóXOODU×·QGDQôVD%H\WDUDI×QGDQ$\DVXOXN7HSHVL·QH0LPDU ðDPO×'×P×ñNO×RóOX$OL·\HLQñDHWWLULOHQFDPL$UWHPLV7DS×QDó×LOH 6DLQW-HDQ.LOLVHVLDUDV×QGD\HUDO×\RU$QDGROXFDPLPLPDULVLQLQLON |UQHNOHULQLVHUJLOH\HQ\DS×GD]HQJLQVVOHPHOHUYHoLQLOHUEXOXQX\RU%XUDQ×Q\]\×OGDNHUYDQVDUD\RODUDNGDNXOODQ×OG×ó×Q× KDW×UODWDO×P øVDEH\&DPLL\XNDUÓGD(IHV0]HVL´QGHVHUJLOHQHQHVHUOHUGHQ|UQHNOHUDúD÷ÓGD <DPDoHYOHU´GHQELUJ|UQPVD÷VD\ID\XNDUÓGDYH(IHVWL\DWURVXQGDQELUGHWD\ VD÷VD\IDDúD÷ÓGD Isabey Mosque (above), sculptures at the Ephesus Museum (below, in the box), interior of a villa at the Hillside Houses district (right page, above) and a detail view of the theatre in Ephesus (right page, below). 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Koç Müzesi’nde avantajınız var! Hasköy Cad. No: 5 Hasköy 34445 - İstanbul - Türkiye Tel: +90 (0)212 369 66 00 pbx Faks: +90 (0)212 369 66 06 E-mail: [email protected] www.rmk-museum.org.tr 16 'h1<$ 0h=(/(5å :RUOG0XVHXPV <D]Ö7H[W (OLI7UN|OPH] dLQ¶LQ|OPV]RUGXVX 7$ā$6.(5/(5 MKNFGP[CRNO¬CUMGTJG[MGNNGTK VGTTCEQVVChKPJC\KPGNGTKUGTIKUK MCRUCOPFCVQRMCRUCTC[PFC ¬WDCVCMCFCTIG\KNGDKNGEGM UGTIKRCTCNGNKPFGhKPKPiNjOUj\ QTFWUWPWP[GTCNF©SKPUJKJWCPI Oj\GUKPKKPEGNGFKM China’s immortal army: the Terra Cotta soldiers 7KH7HUUD&RWWDFOD\VWDWXHVRIVROGLHUVIURP;L·DQDUH RQGLVSOD\DWWKH7RSNDS×3DODFH0XVHXPLQWKHIUDPHZRUNRIWKH¶&KLQHVH7UHDVXUHV·([KLELWLRQXQWLOWKHUG RI)HEUXDU\2QWKLVRFFDVLRQZHWRRNDFORVHU ORRNDWWKH0XVHXPRI4LQ6KL+XDQJWKHRULJLQDO ORFDWLRQRI&KLQD·VLPPRUWDOFOD\DUP\ 17 H\HFDQGDQD\DNODU×Q×]NLOLWOHQL\RUVDQNLVRQVX]D X]DQDQNXPUHQJLNDODEDO×óDEDNDUNHQVROXóXQX]XWXWWXóXQX]XIDUNHGL\RUVXQX]6DGHFHVL] GHóLOHWUDI×Q×]GDNLKHUNHVGRQPXñYHEDN×ñODU×Q× D\Q×\|QHNLOLWOHPLñGXUXPGD´1HGLUEXPDQ]DUD"µGL\HPLGñQ\RUVXQX]+HPHQV|\OH\HOLP7HUUD&RWWD<DQL dLQ·LQ|OPV]WDñDVNHUOHUL 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4LQ6KL+XDQJEHJDQWRGHYLVHKLVJUDYHDVVRRQDVKHDFFHGHGWR WKHWKURQHDWDJH $FFRUGLQJWRKLVWRULFDOUHFRUGVWKRXVDQGSHRSOHZRUNHGLQWKH FRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHWRPEXQGHUWKH4LQ(PSLUHZKLFKKDGDSRSXODWLRQRIDSSUR[LPDWHO\PLOOLRQ 7KHWRPEORRNHGOLNHDJLDQWLPSHULDOSDODFHDVZHOODVDGHIHQVLYH PLOLWDU\VWUXFWXUH)ROORZLQJWUDGLWLRQ4LQ6KL+XDQJPRYHGHYHU\PHWUHX]XQOX÷XQGDPHWUHJHQLúOL÷LQGHNLPH]DUGD\DNODúÓNELQWDú DVNHUEXOXQX\RU A total of circa 2 thousand clay soldiers are placed in a 350 metres long and 345 metres wide grave. 19 7UHDVXUHVRI&KLQD©LQ,VWDQEXO )RWRäUDI3KRWRVg]JU$oÖNEDç 7UDFHVRIWKHWKRXVDQGVRI\HDUVROG&KLQHVHFLYLOL]DWLRQDQGPDMRU WUHDVXUHVRIZRUOGFXOWXUDOKHULWDJHDUHEHLQJFHOHEUDWHGZLWKWZR GLIIHUHQWH[KLELWLRQVLQ,VWDQEXOLQDXJXUDWHGLQWKHIUDPHZRUNRIWKH ¦&KLQHVH&XOWXUH<HDULQ7XUNH\§SLHFHVJDWKHUHGIURP GLIIHUHQW&KLQHVHPXVHXPVDUHRQGLVSOD\DWWKH¨7UHDVXUHVRI &KLQD©([KLELWLRQWDNLQJSODFHLQWKH,PSHULDO6WDEOHVEXLOGLQJRIWKH 7RSNDSÇ3DODFH0XVHXP$PRQJWKHPDUHILYHDUWHIDFWVIURPWKH 4LQ6KL+XDQJ0XVHXPQDPHO\IRXUFOD\VROGLHUVWDWXHVDQGRQH 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page, in the box). 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Niemann, 1885 (left page) and Hadrianus Gate’s lion head carvings. \DS×ODU×QILQDQVPDQ×LoLQJHUHNHQPDGGLND\QDNôPSDUDWRUOXN KD]LQHVLYHNHQWLQLOHULJHOHQOHULQLQ\DUG×PODU×\ODVDóODQ×\RUGX ôPSDUDWRUOXóXQKHUELUNHQWLôPSDUDWRUDG×QDJ|UNHPOLNDPX\DS×ODU×\DSPDNLoLQDGHWD\DU×ñDJLUPLñWL+DGULDQXV]DWHQPLPDUL\HPHUDN×YHNDELOL\HWLRODQELULPSDUDWRUGX$QWDO\D+DGULDQXV .DS×V×GDRQXQñHKUL]L\DUHWLRQXUXQDLQñDHGLOPLñROPDO×\G×<DS× NXñNXVX]$WWDOHLD·Q×Q5RPD·\DEDóO×O×ó×Q×QELUJ|VWHUJHVL\GL 7DNoNHPHULQLQ]HULQGHGRNX]WDñEORNER\XQFDX]DQDQDUNKLWUDY×Q×QVWIDVNLDV×QGDELUVDW×UO×N\D]×WDVDKLSWL%ORNODU]HULQGH EURQ]KDUIOHULQRWXUWXOPDV×QD\DUD\DQ\XYDODU×EXJQKDODJ|UOHELOPHNWHGLU<D]×W(VNL<XQDQFDLGLYHKDUIOHUoRNE\NRODV×O×NOD DOW×Q\DOG×]ODNDSO×\G×ODU +DGULDQXV.DS×V×\D]×W×Q×QEXOXQXñXUDVWODQW×VDOG×U\×O×QGD|QQNDSDWDQELU6HOoXNOX'|QHPLGXYDU×Q×Q\×N×OPDV×\OD RUWD\Do×NP×ñW×U.oN$VLDJH]LVLHVQDV×QGD$QWDO\D·\DJHOHQYH ¶'LH6WlGWH3DPSK\OLHQVXQG3LVLGLHQV·DGO×LNLFLOWOLN ELUHVHU\D\×QOD\DQYRQ/DQFURVNL·\HWDOHEL]HULQH\×O×QGD \DQP×ñELUNRQDó×QHQND]×QGDQED]×EURQ]KDUIOHUo×NDU×OP×ñYH NHQGLVLQHJ|VWHULOPLñWLU+DWWDG|QHPLQ$QWDO\D9DOLVL7XUKDQ%H\ \D]×WWDQED]×KDUIOHULNHQGLVLQHYHULU+DUIOHULQE\NN×VP×\D]×W×Q LONNHOLPHVLQHDLWWLU+DUI\NVHNOLNOHULLVH\DNODñ×NFP·GLU <D]×Wñ|\OHEDñODUôPSDUDWRU&DHVDU7UDLDQXV+DGULDQXVLoLQ <D]×W×QGHYDP×GDôPSDUDWRUD|YJ\OHGHYDPHGL\RUROPDO×\G× $Q×W+DGULDQXV·DYH$WWDOHLD·\DLWKDIHGLOPLñWL.XñNXVX]EXLWKDI YDWDQVHYHUOLNND\QDNO×YH\DED]×K×UVODU×QWDWPLQLDPDF×\ODG×U $QWDO\DO×ODU·×QôPSDUDWRUGDQEHNOHGLNOHULD\U×FDO×NODU×QYH\DUG×PODU×QGDJ|VWHUJHVL\GL <Dñ×DUW×N·H\DNODñDQ+DGULDQXV.DS×V×·Q×QELOLQoOL\XUWWDñODU×Q\DUG×P×QDLKWL\DF×YDU<DS×Q×QKDUIOHULQH\D]×NNLELUoRN$YUXSDONHVLQHGDó×OP×ñGXUXPGD2[IRUG·D%HUOLQ·H9L\DQD·\DHóHU GRóUX\VDôVSDQ\D·\DELOH$VO×QGDKDUIOHULQKHSVLND\×SGHóLO%LU 7KHPRQXPHQWZDVDGRUQHGZLWKDRQHOLQHLQVFULSWLRQRQWKHXSSHU IDVFLDRIWKHDUFKLWUDYHH[WHQGLQJDORQJQLQHEORFNVRIVWRQHRYHUWKH WKUHHDUFKHVRIWKHVWUXFWXUH7KHOHWWHUVORWVHQJUDYHGRQWKHVWRQH EORFNVDQGGHVWLQHGWRHPEHGWKHEURQ]HOHWWHUVRIWKHLQVFULSWLRQDUH VWLOOYLVLEOHWRGD\7KHLQVFULSWLRQZDVLQDQFLHQW*UHHNDQGWKHEURQ]H OHWWHUVZHUHPRVWOLNHO\FRYHUHGZLWKJROGOHDI +DGULDQ·V*DWHZDVUHYHDOHGLQFLGHQWDOO\ZKHQDFLW\ZDOOIURPWKH 6HOMXNSHULRGEORFNLQJWKHIURQWRIWKHPRQXPHQWFROODSVHGLQ 6RPHPHWDOOHWWHUVIRXQGLQWKHGHEULVRIDPDQVLRQEXUQHGGRZQLQD ILUHLQZHUHVKRZQXSRQKLVUHTXHVWWRWKH3ROLVK$XVWULDQKLVWRULDQDQGWUDYHOOHU&RXQW.DURO/DQFNRURVNLZKRFDPHWR$QWDO\DGXULQJ KLVH[SORUDWRU\PLVVLRQWR$VLD0LQRUDQGSXEOLVKHGDERRNLQWZRYROXPHVRQWKHFLWLHVRI3DPSK\LOLDDQG3LVLGLD'LH6Wl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·V*DWHQHHGVWKHKHOSRIFRQVFLRXV FLWL]HQV,WVPLVVLQJEURQ]HOHWWHUVDUHQRWUHDOO\ORVWEXWUDWKHUVFDWWHUHGDURXQG(XURSHDQPXVHXPVLQ2[IRUG%HUOLQ9LHQQDDQGLILW·V WUXHHYHQLQ6SDLQ,QIDFWQRWDOORIWKHOHWWHUVDUHORVW7RGD\DJURXS RIWKHPDUHNHSWLQWKHFROOHFWLRQVRIWKH$VKPROHDQ0XVHXPDWWKH 8QLYHUVLW\RI2[IRUG,WLVHYHQSRVVLEOHWRZULWHWKHQDPHRIWKH(PSHURU7UDMDQ7UDLDQXVZLWKWKH$VKPROHDQVDPSOHV6RZKDWWRGR" 67 $QWDO\D´GDNL+DGULDQXVNDSÓVÓQÓQWDULKOLIRWR÷UDIÓYH$VKPROHDQ0]HVL .ROHNVL\RQX´QGDEXOXQDQPHWDOKDUIOHULQoL]LPL An 1892 photograph of the Hadrian’s Gate and drawings of the bronze letters conserved at the Ashmolean Museum. 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Çocuk Oyunu Bale Modern Dans Konser Konser Bale Bale Konser 9 Ct SENFONİK MİNYATÜR Bale 10 Pz BREMEN MIZIKACILARI M. Çocuk Oyunu 11 Pt MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE Bale 12 Sa SENFONİK MİNYATÜR 13 Çr 14 Pr Müzikal MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE Müzikal MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE İZMİR’İN UNUTAMADIKLARI GISELLE 14 Pr ÇİNGENE BARON 15 Cm KÜLKEDİSİ Bale Operet Bale MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE SENFONİK MİNYATÜR 11 Pt 12 Sa Konser Müzikal Bale Müzikal 16 Ct ÇİNGENE BARON M. Çocuk Oyunu Operet 20 Çr SİHİRLİ DÜNYA M. Çocuk Oyunu 21 Pr ÇİNGENE BARON 21 Pr ÖLDÜREN AȘK (TÜRKİYE PRÖMİYERİ) (CRR KONSER SALONU) Opera 23 Ct MUHTEȘEM SÜLEYMAN Sahne Kantatı 22 Cm ÖLDÜREN AȘK (CRR KONSER SALONU) Opera 25 Pt MUHTEȘEM SÜLEYMAN Sahne Kantatı 24 Pz BREMEN MIZIKACILARI 27 Çr EĞİTİM KONSERİ 26 Sa ÖLDÜREN AȘK 28 Pr GISELLE 28 Pr 2 Ct ÖLDÜREN AȘK ÖLDÜREN AȘK M. Çocuk Oyunu Konser M. Çocuk Oyunu Operet Konser Opera Opera Opera 3 Pz ÇOCUK DÜNYASI M. Çocuk Oyunu Opera Müzikal Komedi Opera 7 Pr FRANSA’DAN ESİNTİLER Konser 9 Ct FRANSA’DAN ESİNTİLER Konser Bale Müzikli Oyun 10 Pz BREMEN MIZIKACILARI M. Çocuk Oyunu 1 Cm KÜLKEDİSİ 2 Ct GISELLE 4 Pt SARAYDAN KIZ KAÇIRMA 5 Sa SİHİRLİ DÜNYA 6 Çr SARAYDAN KIZ KAÇIRMA Bale M. Çocuk Oyunu 8 Cm SELVA ERDENER VE TURKUVAZ BEȘLİSİ 11 Pt OTELLO M. Çocuk Oyunu Opera Çocuk Balesi Konser Opera MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE Müzikal 12 Sa KÜLKEDİSİ M. Çocuk Oyunu 12 Sa MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE Müzikal 13 Çr KÜLKEDİSİ M. Çocuk Oyunu 14 Pr ÇAKIRCALI EFE 15 Cm ȘEHİTLER ORATORYOSU Opera Konser BALENİN BÜYÜLÜ DÜNYASI Bale Opera 11 Pt Bale M. Çocuk Oyunu 13 Çr MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE Müzikal Müzikal Komedi Konser 14 Pr KUĞU GÖLÜ 17 Pz BREMEN MIZIKACILARI Bale 16 Ct Oratoryo Konser M. Çocuk Oyunu Opera Bale 20 Çr WOLFGANG VE LORENZO Opera 22Cm WOLFGANG VE LORENZO Opera M. Çocuk Oyunu 24 Pz BİR TENOR ARANIYOR Bale AȘKIN MELODİLERİ (EGE ÜNİV. KAMPÜS KÜLTÜR MERKEZİ) M. Çocuk Oyunu TÖRE 17 Pz SEYAHATNAME 2 6 Çr M. Çocuk Oyunu 9 Ct BREMEN MIZIKACILARI SENFONİK MİNYATÜR BREMEN MIZIKACILARI NOTRE DAME’IN KAMBURU SEVGİNİN BEDELİ (PRÖMİYER) 5 Sa 17 Pz 7 Pr 16 Ct ÇOCUK DÜNYASI Bale Opera KARYAĞDI HATUN ÖZSOY QUARTET SENFONİK MİNYATÜR GENÇ YETENEK KONSERİ 6 Çr SARAYDAN KIZ KAÇIRMA 2 Ct 3 Pz 16 Ct BİR TENOR ARANIYOR 12 Sa SENFONİK MİNYATÜR Opera 5 Sa 11 Pt 30 Çr Konser SARAYDAN KIZ KAÇIRMA SESLERLE ANADOLU BREMEN MIZIKACILARI Konser 4 Pt 10 Pz KAMELYALI KADIN Modern Dans Dans Tiyatrosu BİR TENOR ARANIYOR BİR LIED AKȘAMI 8 Sa Konser M. Çocuk Oyunu 20 Çr 3 Pz Bale Konser SİHİRLİ DÜNYA 27 Pz Modern Dans A’DAN Z’YE 19 Sa 24 Pz Opera BİR PARÇA AȘK İKSİRİ NOTRE DAME’IN KAMBURU 17 Pz Bale BİR TENOR ARANIYOR GÜNDÜZ VE GECE (PRÖMİYER) ERGİME Opera M. Çocuk Oyunu 9 Ct 10 Pz Müzikli Oyun A’DAN Z’YE 7 Pr 26 Ct Opera YENİ YIL KONSERİ (EGE ÜNİV. ATATÜRK KÜLTÜR M. A.S.O) Modern Dans ARIADNE NAKSOS’TA SİHİRLİ DÜNYA 4 Cm Bale 21 Pt 27 Pz Konser Bale 17 Pr Opera YENİ YIL KONSERİ (EGE ÜNİV. ATATÜRK KÜLTÜR M. A.S.O) Bale 16 Çr Bale 3 Pr Opera Müzikal Komedi Bale Müzikli Oyun 24 Pz BREMEN MIZIKACILARI 26 Sa WOLFGANG VE LORENZO Opera M. Çocuk Oyunu Konser 27 Çr OSMANLI’DA OPERA Oratoryo SİHİRLİ DÜNYA M. Çocuk Oyunu ÇAKIRCALI EFE Dans Tiyatrosu 18 Pt EĞİTİM KONSERİ 22 Cm ÇAKIRCALI EFE 23 Ct OTELLO 25 Pt OTELLO 26 Sa BALENİN BÜYÜLÜ DÜNYASI 27 Çr İSPANYOL GECESİ (EGE ÜNİV. KAMPÜS KÜLTÜR MERKEZİ) 28 Pr BALENİN BÜYÜLÜ DÜNYASI 29 Cm KARADENİZ’DEN TABLOLAR Konser Dans Tiyatrosu Opera Opera Çocuk Balesi M. Çocuk Oyunu Opera Bale Dans Tiyatrosu Opera Müzikli Anlatım Konser Çocuk Balesi Konser 2013 AYLIK PROGRAM 0]HNDUWLOHDYDQWDMÕQÕ]YDU MERSİN DOB ATATÜRK EVİ KONSERİ 8 Sa ZORBA 12 Ct KELOĞLAN’IN SIRRI Konser 3 Pr TÜRKÜYEM 4 Cm 1 PİYANO 4 SOLİST 5 Ct PİYANOLU KONSER 8 Sa BATI YAKASI HİKAYESİ 9 Çr HAYDİ ÇOCUKLAR OPERAYA Müzikli Oyun Konser 15 Sa HURREM SULTAN Bale 16 Çr OPERA ZAMANI Eğitim Etkinliği 17 Pr KELOĞLAN’IN SIRRI Çocuk Müzikali 22 Sa AȘK-I MEMNU 23 Çr EĞİTİM KONSERİ 24 Pr KORSAN 25 Cm AYIN KONSERİ 10 Pr BATI YAKASI HİKAYESİ 12 Ct MEDEA 1 PİYANO 4 SOLİST Opera Bale 29 Sa ÇALIKUȘU 31 Pr SENFONİK KONSER Konser 2 Ct ÖZSOY Opera KELOĞLAN’IN SIRRI 11 Pt EĞİTİM KONSERİ 12 Sa CARMINA BURANA 13 Çr KELOĞLAN’IN SIRRI 16 Ct SESLERLE ANADOLU (PRÖMİYER) 18 Pt OPERA ZAMANI 19 Sa HURREM SULTAN 21 Pr SESLERLE ANADOLU MEDEA KUKLACI 26 Sa ÇALIKUȘU 28 Pr 1 Cm SENFONİK KONSER ATATÜRK EVİ KONSERİ 2 Ct ÖZSOY 4 Pt KELOĞLAN’IN SIRRI 5 Sa ZORBA 11 Cm OPERA ZAMANI Müzikal 12 Ct ÜÇ SİLAHȘÖRLER Opera 14 Pt KONSER 21 Pt BİR TENOR ARANIYOR 23 Çr EĞİTİM ETKİNLİĞİ 24 Pr SESLERLE ANADOLU 28 Pt ZORBA 31 Pr ALİ BABA & 40 Bale Çocuk Müzikali Konser 17 Pr DON KİȘOT Bale 19 Ct DON KİȘOT Bale 30 Çr MAVİ ENSTRÜMAN 31 Pr LALE ÇILGINLIĞI (DÜNYA PRÖMİYERİ) Eğitim Etkinliği Opera 2 Ct DON KİȘOT 5 Sa FİGARO’NUN DÜĞÜNÜ Müzikli Oyun Bale 6 Çr MÜZE KONSERİ 7 Pr MEVLANA’NIN ÇAĞRISI Bale 9 Ct MEVLANA’NIN ÇAĞRISI Bale Bale Opera 4 Pt ÜÇ SİLAHȘÖRLER 7 Pr MADAMA BUTTERFLY 9 Ct ALİȘ VE MAVİȘ M. Çocuk Oyunu 11 Pt ALİȘ VE MAVİȘ M. Çocuk Oyunu 14 Pr SEVGİLİLER GÜNÜ KONSERİ 16 Ct ÜÇ SİLAHȘÖRLER 18 Pt ALİȘ VE MAVİȘ 20 Çr EĞİTİM ETKİNLİĞİ 21 Pr BİR TENOR ARANIYOR 22 Cm OPERA ZAMANI 28 Pr IV. MURAT (PRÖMİYER) 2 Ct IV. MURAT 4 Pt ALİȘ VE MAVİȘ Bale Opera 13 Çr UYUYAN GÜZEL 14 Pr FİLM MÜZİKLERİ KONSERİ Konser M. Çocuk Oyunu BATI YAKASI HİKAYESİ 18 Pt HAYDİ ÇOCUKLAR OPERAYA Müzikli Oyun 19 Sa BATI YAKASI HİKAYESİ 20 Çr MAVİ ENSTRÜMAN Eğitim Etkinliği 21 Pr 1 PİYANO 4 SOLİST Eğitim Etkinliği 22 Cm 1 PİYANO 4 SOLİST Eğitim Etkinliği Müzikal MÜZE KONSERİ Müzikli Oyun İKİLİ BALE (TÜRKİYE PRÖMİYERİ) M. Çocuk Oyunu Konser M. Çocuk Oyunu Bale Müzikal Eğitim Etkinliği Bale Opera Konser 16 Ct Konser M. Çocuk Oyunu Müzikal Komedi Bale 25 Pt UYUYAN GÜZEL 26 Sa İKİLİ BALE 28 Pr LA TRAVIATA Opera Bale M. Çocuk Oyunu Eğitim Etkinliği Bale Konser Konser 2 Ct İKİLİ BALE Opera 4 Pt HAYDİ ÇOCUKLAR OPERAYA 7 Pr 1 PİYANO 4 SOLİST Çocuk Müzikali Bale 14 Pr KORSAN 16 Ct SESLERLE ANADOLU 18 Pt ÇANAKKALE ȘEHİTLERİNİ ANMA KONSERİ 19 Sa EĞİTİM ETKİNLİĞİ 20 Çr KELOĞLAN’IN SIRRI Bale Müzikli Oyun Konser Eğitim Etkinliği 12 Sa MACBETH (PRÖMİYER) Opera 14 Pr MACBETH Opera 15Cm MÜZE KONSERİ 16 Ct GÜLDESTAN 18 Pt ȘEHİTLER ORATORYOSU 19 Sa İKİLİ BALE 20 Çr MAVİ ENSTRÜMAN UYUYAN GÜZEL Çocuk Müzikali Konser Opera Bale PİYANOLU KONSER Konser MÜZE KONSERİ Konser CARMEN Opera 1 PİYANO 4 SOLİST 30 Ct LA TRAVIATA EĞİTİM ETKİNLİĞİ 11Pt 1001 GECE MASALLARI 14 Pr ALİ BABA & 40 20 Çr OPERA ZAMANI 21 Pr SESLERLE ANADOLU 23 Ct LA BOHÈME Opera 25 Pt LA BOHÈME Opera 28 Pr ÜÇ SİLAHȘÖRLER 30 Ct ALİȘ VE MAVİȘ M. Çocuk Oyunu TÜRKÜYEM 29Cm 8 Cm Bale Opera Eğitim Etkinliği Eğitim Etkinliği 23 Ct DON KİȘOT CARMEN (PRÖMİYER) M. Çocuk Oyunu Oratoryo 21 Pr 28 Pr Opera Modern Dans Müzikli Oyun Bale Konser Opera M. Çocuk Oyunu Bale Eğitim Etkinliği 30 Ct Müzikal Komedi Opera Çocuk Müzikali OPERA ZAMANI 28 Pr Konser Eğitim Etkinliği Konser 12 Sa AYIN KONSERİ Bale Konser Eğitim Etkinliği 22 Cm Eğitim Etkinliği Bale OPERA ZAMANI ÇALIKUȘU Bale Opera 6 Çr 21 Pr ZORBA M. Çocuk Oyunu 23 Ct 25 Pt M. Çocuk Oyunu Müzikal Konser SATILMIȘ NİȘANLI 9 Ct BREMEN MIZIKACILARI 5 Ct Konser 26 Ct ZORBA 4 Cm Konser 15 Sa 7 Pr Müzikli Oyun Eğitim Etkinliği Çocuk Müzikali EĞİTİM KONSERİ ATATÜRK EVİ KONSERİ SESLERLE ANADOLU Bale 14 Pt 4 Pt 3 Pr OCAK 7 Pt Eğitim Etkinliği ŞUBAT OPERA ZAMANI SAMSUN DOB Bale Müzikli Oyun Bale Eğitim Etkinliği Opera M. Çocuk Oyunu MART 4 Cm ANTALYA DOB 7e56$%070 0e=(5(+%(5É 7e56$%070086(806*8,'( ú/ CITY MÜZE MUSEUM .$3$/, &/26(' KASIM-MART 129(0%(50$5&+ 1ú6$1(.ú0 $35,/2&72%(5 ú/(7úûú0 &217$&7 Aksaray Ihlara Vadisi Örenyeri Ihlara Valley 08:00 - 17:00 08:30 - 18:30 (382) 453 7701 Ankara Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi Museum of Anatolian Civilizations 08:30 - 17:30 08:30 - 19:00 (312) 324 3160 Alanya Kalesi Castle of Alanya 08:30 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:30 (242) 735 7337 Aspendos Örenyeri Aspendos Archaeological Site 08:00 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:00 (242) 238 5688 08:00 - 17:30 09:00 - 19:00 (242) 871 6820 Noel Baba Müzesi St. Nicholas Museum Pazartesi Monday Simena Örenyeri Simena Archaeological Site 08:00 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:00 (242) 874 2022 Antalya Müzesi Antalya Museum 08:00 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:00 (242) 238 5688 Myra Örenyeri Myra Archaeological Site 08:00 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:00 (242) 871 6821 Olympos Örenyeri Olympos Archaeological Site 08:00 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:00 (242) 892 1325 Patara Örenyeri Patara Archaeological Site 08:00 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:00 (242) 843 5018 Perge Örenyeri Perge Archaeological Site 08:00 - 17:30 09:00 - 19:00 (242) 426 2748 Phaselis Örenyeri Phaselis Archaeological Site 08:30 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:00 (242) 821 4506 Side Müzesi Side Museum Pazartesi Monday 08:00 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:00 (242) 753 1006 Side Antik Tiyatrosu Side Antique Theatre 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 - 17:00 (242) 753 1542 Termessos Örenyeri Termessos Archaeological Site 08:00 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:00 (242) 423 7477 Afrodisias Örenyeri Aphrodisias Archaeological Site 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 - 19:00 (256) 448 8086 Milet Örenyeri Miletus Archaeological Site 08:00 - 19:00 08:00 - 19:00 (256) 875 5562 Didim Örenyeri Didyma Archaeological Site 08:00 - 19:00 08:00 - 19:00 (256) 811 5707 Assos Örenyeri Assos Archaeological Site 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 - 19:00 (286) 721 7218 Troia Örenyeri Troia Archaeological Site 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 - 19:00 (286) 283 0061 Gaziantep Gaziantep Zeugma Mozaik Müzesi Gaziantep Zeugma Mosaic Museum Pazartesi Monday 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 - 17:00 (342) 324 8809 Hatay Hatay Müzesi Hatay Museum Pazartesi Monday 08:00 - 16:30 09:00 - 18:30 (326) 214 6168 Antalya $\GÈQ Çanakkale 76 èVWDQEXO è]PLU Mersin 0XçOD 1HYêHKLU Trabzon èVWDQEXO$UNHRORML0]HOHUL èVWDQEXO$UFKDHRORJLFDO0XVHXPV Pazartesi Monday 09:00 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:00 (212) 520 7740 Ayasofya Müzesi Hagia Sophia Museum Pazartesi Monday 09:00 - 16:30 09:00 - 19:00 (212) 522 1750 Kariye Müzesi Chora Museum dDUêDPED Wednesday 09:00 - 16:30 09:00 - 19:00 (212) 631 9241 èVWDQEXO%\N6DUD\0R]DLNOHUL0]HVL èVWDQEXO0RVDLF0XVHXP Pazartesi Monday 7UNYHèVODP(VHUOHUL0]HVL Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts Pazartesi Monday 09:00 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:00 (212) 518 1805 7RSNDSÈ6DUD\È0]HVL 7RSNDSÈ3DODFH0XVHXP 6DOÈ Tuesday 09:00 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:00 (212) 512 0480 7RSNDSÈ6DUD\È0]HVL+DUHP'DLUHVL Harem Apartments 6DOÈ Tuesday 09:00 - 15:30 09:00 - 17:00 (212) 512 0480 Bergama Asklepion Örenyeri Bergama Asklepion Archaeological Site 08:00 - 17:30 08:30 - 19:00 (232) 631 2886 (IHV0]HVL(SKHVXV0XVHXP 08:00 - 17:00 08:30 - 19:00 (232) 892 6010 (IHVgUHQ\HUL<DPDoHYOHU The Terrace Houses 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 - 19:00 (232) 892 6010 6W-HDQ$QÈWÈSt. Jean 08:00 - 17:00 08:30 - 19:00 (232) 892 6011 Bergama Akropol Örenyeri Bergama Akropolis Archaeological Site 08:00 - 17:00 08:30 - 19:00 (232) 631 0778 (IHVgUHQ\HUL (SKHVXV$UFKDHRORJLFDO6LWH 08:00 - 17:00 08:30 - 19:00 (232) 892 6010 Cennet-Cehennem Örenyeri Chasm of Heaven and Hell 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 - 20:00 Kayaköy Örenyeri Kayaköy 08:30 - 20:00 08:30 - 20:00 (252) 614 1150 6HGLU$GDVÈSedir Island 08:00 - 18:00 (252) 214 6948 Kaunos Örenyeri Kaunos Archaeological Site 08:30 - 20:30 08:30 - 20:30 (252) 614 1150 Knidos Örenyeri Knidos Archaeological Site 08:30 - 19:00 08:30 - 19:00 (252) 726 1011 %RGUXP0DXVROHLRQ$QÈW0]HVL Mausoleion Pazartesi Monday 08:00 -17:00 08:00 -19:00 (252) 316 1219 %RGUXP6XDOWÈ$UNHRORML0]HVL Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology Pazartesi Monday 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 -19:00 (252) 316 2516 *|UHPH$oÈNKDYD0]HVL.DUDQOÈN.LOLVH The Dark Church 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 - 19:00 (384) 271 2167 g]NRQDN<HUDOWÈéHKUL Özkonak Underground City 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 - 19:00 (384) 513 5168 'HULQNX\X<HUDOWÈéHKUL Derinkuyu Underground City 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 - 19:00 (384) 271 2167 *|UHPH$oÈNKDYD0]HVL Göreme Open Air Museum 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 - 19:00 (384) 271 2167 .D\PDNOÈ<HUDOWÈéHKUL .D\PDNOÈ8QGHUJURXQG&LW\ 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 - 19:00 (384) 278 2500 =HOYHgUHQ\HUL3DêDEDçODUgUHQ\HUL =HOYH3DêDEDçODU8QGHUJURXQG&LW\ 08:00 - 17:00 08:00 - 19:00 (384) 271 3535 6PHOD0DQDVWÈUÈSümela Monastery Pazartesi Monday 09:00 - 16:00 09:00 - 16:00 (462) 531 1064 Trabzon Ayasofya Müzesi Trabzon Hagia Sophia Museum 08:00 - 17:00 09:00 - 19:00 (462) 223 3043 (212) 518 1205 77 KUVCPDWNCTMGQNQLKOj\GNGTK C[CUQH[COj\GUK MCTK[GOj\GUK KUVCPDWNDj[jMUCTC[OQ\CKMNGTKOj\GUK VjTMXGKUNCOGUGTNGTKOj\GUK VQRMCRUCTC[Oj\GUK VQRMCRUCTC[Oj\GUKJCTGOFCKTGUK VTQCiTGP[GTK CUUQUiTGP[GTK DGTICOCCUMNGRQPiTGP[GTK DGTICOCCMTQRQNiTGP[GTK GHGUOj\GUK GHGUiTGP[GTK GHGUiTGP[GTK[COChGXNGT UVLGCPCPV CHTQFUCUiTGP[GTK OKNGViTGP[GTK FKFKOiTGP[GTK MC[CMi[iTGP[GTK UGFKTCFCU MCWPQUiTGP[GTK MPFQUiTGP[GTK DQFTWOOCWUQNGQPCPVOj\GUK DQFTWOUWCNVCTMGQNQLKOj\GUK CNCP[CMCNGUK CURGPFQUiTGP[GTK PQGNDCDCOj\GUK UKOGPCiTGP[GTK CPVCN[COj\GUK O[TCiTGP[GTK QN[ORQUiTGP[GTK RCVCTCiTGP[GTK RGTIGiTGP[GTK RJCUGNKUiTGP[GTK UKFGOj\GUK UKFGCPVKMVK[CVTQUW VGTOGUUQUiTGP[GTK 78 IiTGOGChMJCXCOj\GUKMCTCPNMMKNKUG i\MQPCM[GTCNV¬GJTK FGTKPMW[W[GTCNV¬GJTK IiTGOGChMJCXCOj\GUK MC[OCMN[GTCNV¬GJTK \GNXGiTGP[GTK UjOGNCOCPCUVT VTCD\QPC[CUQH[COj\GUK IC\KCPVGR\GWIOCOQ\CKMOj\GUK JCVC[Oj\GUK 7h56$%070æç257$./,ä,µ1'$.æ 0h=(YHg5(1<(5/(5æ EGPPGVEGJGPPGOiTGP[GTK JNCTCXCFKUKiTGP[GTK CPCFQNWOGFGPK[GVNGTKOj\GUK 086(806$1'$5&+$(2/2*,&$/ 6,7(681'(57+(0$1$*(0(172) 7h56$%070%86,1(663$571(56+,3 79 253+(8602=$æäæ$æ72/'8ä8 7235$./$5$*(5æ'g1'h 25+(86026$,&5(7851(' 72,762:1/$1' Ana Sponsor / Main Sponsor æ67$1%8/$5.(2/2-æ0h=(/(5æ’1'(6(5*æ/(1æ<25 IS EXHIBITED IN æ67$1%8/$5&+$(2/2*,&$/086(806 ARTISI ÇOK Özel Müzeler, Tiyatrolar, Operalar, Etkinlikler ve daha neler neler... - 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