Tam Metin - Avrasya Strateji Dergisi

ank
a a kn n
lu la a a A a a
a
3(2)
SERBEST PGYASA EKONOMGSGNE GEÇGf SoRECGNDE
DA;ISTAN EKONOMGSG ȋ1990-2000Ȍ
Halil Gbrahim GoL 1
Özet
an k
kb
lk lma na a m n a k k numun an la
n
n ml
. Ru a n n a ka la ak n u n k a
.
l
l n n a lma la b ab
lk
b
n
m
lu , bu
lu
n a lma
l uk a aman alm
.P a a k n m n
nk m u
l l l b ab a n aman a A u a
l ,
k , Am ka
l k
l l , n
b lk l l
a l kl
l
k b kalk nma
m
l lu u mak
m
. u kalk nma m
l lk
ana , a m,
a, a an l k, ula m
u m k l nn l m
n b
a
u mu u . lk n n kalk nma
a
n n a ma b l n n
k a
a n an
n
n ml
.
a
an n u
n an
ka la
m l
a ma
l
l k
k m ma
l nn
k
a a n an ka lanma k lk a a n ak
a l kl n l m n
l
a a ak .
la
la
k
n n, a
an n
al
nl n b
k
b b l m n
k ba na ka lama mkan a anmal
.
a
Anahtar Kelimeler: a
an,
b
P a a, Ek n m , ana , alk nma
IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSITION TO FREE MARKET ECONOMY, THE
ECONOMY OF DAGESTAN(1990-2000)
Al
Abstract
a mall un , a
an
m l m
an u
n. I
a
m
n
Ru a n
au a u .
n
a n
R,
un
n
u
a
an
k a l n
m
m
u
. N
an
l
a
m
l b m
n
mm
al
n
Eu
an n n an
un
u a u k ,
A
u
a al n
n
b u n
un
ma k
m .
m
l
an
un
un
n
l m n
n u
,a
ul u ,
,l
k, an
a n an
u
a
ll
m
un
la
an
n
.
1
-
a:
b a m ul
ma l. m
53
al l b a m
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
u
m.
un
an n a
m l m
an n
m
ab l
un am n al n
an lu u
n um
n
m
m ab a - b u k
ll l
b
b
n
un
. n u nl ,
al
ll
u k
n
nm
a
an m
.
: a
an,
ma k ,
n m , n u
54
la l la
n. M
n
a
anmm
al la n
a
ul b
u
u
a
,
l
m n
al l b a m
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
Giriç
a ka la a l uk a n ml b
m
a
a
an
k n
n mn k
l n n a n kaba m , lk
n n u m a l l n n nu k lm m , n a n
kl
bu lk
a
lma
k
a u u 21.
.
am m k
.
m
n n m
ka a A a la , anl la ,
kl 2, A u al la
Ru la
u
n
a ka a b l
n
ak m
3.
lk n n
l k k numu b l
l uk a
l
ku mu la
k lm ,
k
al ka nakla la
k
a
l
m
lk
a
al
m
. n ml
a kb l
lan
a
u, alkanla
a ka la : bu b l
nb
lan a ka la a
alan
a
an Ru a
a nu na ba l
k b
um u
.
a
an n
l
l n
a lan
l k, k n m k
a
n m bu lk n n a lma n an n a a a a a m
.
a
n
aml b
kl
a
n u m a l
a anan
a
an, bu m a l , a ma
ka ma a an lum u
k l nm
bunun
nu u la ak kalk nma n
n
l mn
amamla amam
.
n
b
u
a ka a a bulunan
A ba an
an ba m l kla n ka anm
b
a a
k n m n
m
n ml b a m a m la
.
an an
Ru a n n a ka la ak n u ka
lan lk
an an
m k a
a a k n m l
n an an lk l n k m u u
al n
lm
. a
ba a a
k lu
n bulunan lk ,
lla
“ a b m k
lma
ll n
a a
k n m n
n n akalama
a bulmu u . E k
l
n mn
l
ma b k m n ula ama an lk
n n
al
ka nakla n
a a k n m n
b
aa
n
m k mk n n akalam
. a ma a
a ma b l
la ak n a an bu b l , k n
n
n a a a m a lab l b l
la ak an ab l k an n akalam
.
u makal
1990 n
n a
ba
k l
ka la ma a lm ,
m alanla n n a m m
k a a alm m
l u u, a n aman a l
l n
n a a ma ul n buna a al l
la ak a
m
k a a al
nl m
l u u
lm
al lm
.
ll kl
a k n m
a
ana
mn
lu u an
l
al a l a m al
a
mn m
ana
n
m alk ll
k l a an al
m n b a a lan
E l
a
n, a
an
a
l . b a m,
b P a a k
ba lmam
k k l an
. Ma
En
, k a Ana l m al .
2
3
anl la , . 1961. . 14.
n m n
n
ma a n
a
. 1998. .5.
55
a
u
an Ek n m ,
lam lk l
al l b a m
,
n
lm
al
a la ab l
aln
amma
k n m
a a
n kb m
ll
ununla
l n
lm
a
lma
k
n mn
u u
m k
lab l
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
mn k
m abl
a kl
lu la
lm
.A
a lk k n m n a a a la ka k
n l n n
mn l
lm
a
lma
la ak
l a n
aman a mamul la ak
a la na l b ka ma
a
a lama
k
anla lm
.
b lk
lk n n al
a ab l
malla n
,
a a
ala
a lab l k alanla n
n
u ulmu u . n a n
kl
u m
a lm , ula m
a ma l k k l n
b
n
n lm
.
2.1.DaºÇstanǯÇn Etnik YapÇsÇ
a
an k nkl b m ll
a
la kka
km k
.
lk n u unun b
k b k m n lu u an
l alk n b
k
a a ma n n
ak
Albanla an l
kl n
. u
l
alkla
ana
al n a
lanm
. unla n 75
a ka a
4.
u k nkl m ll
l alk , 15 u an
10 u
A
a
lk
k k l l , k ll
k nan a
na a
b
lk
a a ka m
. u ana
al n a b
k m ll
a l n
am
m k
. a
an akla k la ak 40 a ak n m ll
n
lu mak a . 1916 n u
a m na
81 a
m ll
lm
. u alk
lulukla n n 32
a
an m ll l n n
u m ll l n n n ml l
A a la , akla ,
lu mak a 5.
aba a anla , a nl , a akla ,
l , bu m ll l l b l k
k
k
lumla
a umukla , N a la , A
l
6
.A
a
k m l
a
an n n k a
n lu u mak a
Ru la a lk
a amak a . ununla b l k
a u l
a
7. An ak
a u n u u
al
a lan
a l b n u a a
l n
n l
la a almak a . lk
15-20 l n a lk
a u
a nn n
a alma
a a
a ak n b
an a
lma b kl n b l .
u k m ll l
nk a
lk
n nl k
ka
b b ak m
lukla
a b ab n
m
. lk n n
b l n n a lanma
n
lmu u .
k ba a a
lla
n ku ulan bu a
n na b n alan b l b
n m a
m na b l n
anla ma l la ak
k
kullanm , a a
n ak
n ml
Ru a n n n u b l
al na
m n n
an
Ma
,
u k P
l
l . an Paul n na nal. N
k 1993. .262.
5I
a Na a
n
a a a. 2. l . M k a. “Nauka 1988. .210.
6
N
- au a an amb
mm
an In u
, M k a 1997. . 11.
7
l . b a m, a. . , .4.
4
56
al l b a m
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
la Ru
l kullan lma a ba lanm
am
lm k
.8
ala
a kullan lma a
2.2. DaºÇstanǯÇn Gki YÚnò: KÇrsal DaºÇstan ve Kentsel
DaºÇstan
lk n u unun b
kb b l m k
k
l m
l
a a
k l
a a an a
an n
n u u n
nl n
l . 1995 n u
akamla na
lk n u unun
58
9
.
l m
k l
a a k n, 48
l
a amak a
an n n
k lma k n m
lan ka k a al mak a .
a a an n anla n a n n 2000 l
lla la b ab
a ma
b kl nm k
. a
an n n b
k
a n aman a
ba k n
lan M a kal
lk n n m
n
n
an mak a .
ana ,
a
k l n
l
lk n n kalb
k numun a .
l
l n n ku u u bu
k n
bulun u u b l
l uk a n ml b
a
. 20. .
ba la n a M a kal n n n u u a
17 b n 10 k n 1990 l lla n
11
lla la b ab 500 b n
nuna
u 400 b n a m , 2000 l
m b kl nm k
.
lk n n k n b
k k n lan
b n
M a kal
a aa
l m
u um a .
b n
lla b u n ml
a
k l
m k
lma na a m n k E k Ru a
n mn
M a kal n n ba k n
lma
ana
a
n bu
ka ma
b n n n m n ka b m n n
n lmu u . a
n ml b k numa a
b n
k
nl n
l
al
lm
.
l uk a bak m a a k
lm b u um a .
M
n
l m M a kal l kla k
k
nl n
a a an
b n a a n ak
l m lk a k b l n b
kl
k n n
m k
. lk n n
n ml
l
a
k,
l n
b ba , a a u ,
l a ,
l u
u nak . 12 u
M a kal
b n
n u la a a a
.
l . b a m, a. . , .3.
aln -Ek m m
k
P l n R ubl k a
an, k m
R ubl k
a
an
u a
nn
a
k ( EPR , R
), 1996. .179.
10 El a
M.M.,
a a a an k A R, 7-8 la a,
k m a A R,
M a kal 1988. .20.
11 El a
M.M. .20.
12 R
nal u
l ,Ea
n Eu
aan
mm n al
n
n
a . 1997.A P l al an E n m u
Ru an
a n R u l
a
an. .869.
8
9
57
al l b a m
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2.3. Sovyet Rusya DÚnemindeki DaºÇstan
ll ku alla
n
l n
al
mnn a
an a a
k b
k l u ulan
a nama b
k .P
l, a
al
a m
nl
a
an k n m n n l k m
l 13.
m n u ulan
bu
n m
lk
Ru a n n
k ab ka
a mla
k
lmu u .
k l
l l
a mla
a lm b
kl k
kl
l m l
a lm
. Ru a
b l l n n m
n
kn k lamanla n b l
am
m , n
l a lk n n kalk nma na ka k a
bulunmu u .
ll kl
a
an n
ml
a m a a l n
am alanla a lanm , b
k a
anl a a la n bu k l
mn m l
. Ru a n n n ml
l
bu b l n n a m
nl n n a a lanm la
. An ak
l k
ll
m nn
lma
bu
m
al
ka nakla an l
l n
l l
l
a
a an al
nl
n l
l n l l
kb
l
lan
n an bunla n
l l n n
ka a
a
l m m
. lk
n m m k
b
n
k almak
un a kalm
.
l
l n n a lma n an n a lk
k n
n b luk a bulmu , al an ab kala amma
mnn
l kl l ka la m , ku umla
l m
al
lm ,
a m
l m l n
ka b a anm
n ml l
kal
laman ka
lm
. ununla b l k
lk
m
l
l b
a anm
.A ln ab l b
u umun a anma
a
an ana
k n m
n k
aa n
k b
mk n
b an
. ll b
n
b ll ku alla
n
l n
l
l
n
n
k , kn l k n l
lma an,
mal
l
k
m n u ak, k a a
an al b
a a al an l m l
kab
n k u ak b
u um a l 14.
lk ka al b
k n m n
a a k n m n
bu lum u
u umla an ku ula ak
k
l k n mnn nm l n n
a alanab l k .
n mn
ka la lan bu
lukla n
l l n lla a l m b kl nm k
.
3.1.DaºÇstanǯÇn SektÚrler BakÇmÇndan incelenmesi
a
an
Ru
um u
l
a a a
l m
u um a . lk
k n m
b
k
an a a ma a al b
k n m
. a mn m
ana
ka ma
lk
n n
.
al
ka nakla bak m n an l uk a
n n lan b l
a aa
n k kalk nma aml l
a ab l
13
14
l . b a m. A . . 38.
l . b a m. a . .1.
58
al l b a m
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
alk n
a
a a ak
ka nakla a n an n
a k
n m
a
a alanamamak a . u k ka
n ma
m k
.
.
ll kl P
l
al
n ml b k num a lan lk
ka nakla an
ka
nak lk n n n nl m
a
a
bu
a
na
3.1.1. DaºÇstan sanayisi
lk ana
ba k n b
kl
l
al a
bu
ka nakla n an
m n a anmak a . lk
n la
n
ka lan bu k ka na n Ru a a a n an l nm
a a lanma
l
l n
l l n m k
b
ak a lma
lk n n
k n m n
ka a ka k a lamamak a . P
l
al a
m n n n a mak n a m
m
lk
m
n lana
16.
n ml b
ana k lu
am ana
kmak a 15.
lk n n n b
k II. am ab ka bu lk
aal
m k
.
An ak E k Ru a n n a lma n an
n a an
n
amma
mnn
b
k
lukla la ka
ka
a kal nm
.
ab kan n al ma
n
l n mamull n b k m k l
17.
n
n ml
a alana ak
n n
lm
luna
lm
ana
k lla n an b
a ana
. lk
l n
nl
n a alan la ak k n
n
lu u ulmu u . n
n ml b
l ka na
lab l k
bal k . al k
a n an
n n
lan
a a
n nn
n
ml
u umun an a alan la ak bal k k n
ab kala ku ulmu ,
lk
k n m n ka k a lanm
. A
a a a
n
a al lan a lanma
n ba l m
n bal
n ml b
a a
kal m lab l .
Grafik 1:1950-1954 ArasÇ Önemli Sanayi KollarÇndaki oretimi
ȋTONȌ
a nak: an al , . .
a a
an I M k a 1969. .46
bĂƌĂƉ
Kons…
Yün
Cam
Petrol
1950
1954
0
100
200
300
400
El a , M.M,
a a a
an k A R, 7-8 la a,
k m a A R,
a kal 1998, . 54.
16
. a
an n
Ek n m k a
, a nak a nla , m 1997, . 27.
17
l . b a m. A . .7.
15
M
59
al l b a m
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
uka ak abl a k
m k lu
lm k
.P
l
l u u
lm k
. u
nl
k k .
m k lla , k n
k n mk
bak m n an
l
u ana
kal m n
l
lm
l
lm
l
lm
n
a a na kab l k . n
n
nb
n k al ma
lm
.
l
l
n m n b ana
nl n n lk n n l k m
n k n mk
l uk a
, am, a a
n
m
nl n
n
a
.
ll kl
n
mnn
ka ma
k k
nl
mn n a a
ml lma
Yün ürünlerinden daha verimli yararlanmak için bir model
­ƒŽÇ珃•Ç
a an l k bak m n an
n n lk n n
n
mnn
l
lm , lk
k n m n
a a a la ka k a la a ak .
a
an a n a mamul
mn
n n ka ma
n
k lm k
n
n ka b n n n n
lm l
a a m
n
m a a la kullan lmal
. 1997 n n
lk
alama 8000
n n
lm k
bu nk
a la la 1 k
n 150 Rubl
la la n a *(150000)*. u
a
l uk a
k
n
a
an
Ru a
a nu n k n ml b mamul lu , k
ka nakla an b an
. l k
n a nn k l
n n
bulun u ula ak
a lamala a lab l : a
an a
n
n a lan b n
a amala n u a
8000000
150
1200000000R. (
ml a k
m l n ubl )
. u akam
k n mnn l m n b
k ka k a la a ak . n n 48 b
n
ak m lb
k lm k
n
n
unun
m a ama
a n a
25-30
n ka b l u unu a a a ak lk a l n 28 5750
n u . (
m
n
8000
n an
5760
nu
kalmak a .) u 5760 nun
1200 am n an kal l 48 b
n
b
lb
a lanab l .
l b ak m lb n n kuma
a 2530R a a n a
m k
. 5760 b n n m l nm
n n 4800
n 48 numa a ak m lb
k l b l . u lb l n 40.000 Rubl
a lma al n
(4800000 40.000 192.000.000.000) 192 m l a
Rubl
l
a lana ak . u
m
n k
l ,
ma a la ,
a la
a amala akla k la ak 20-25
m l a Rubl
ka l k an n a
n k
la ak n a 167
l
b a
an n
m l a Rubl kala ak 18. n k
u un
m
l n n ku ulma
a al la ak .
l
k
*1997 l na
.
*1997
ubl
n
a lm
18
l, . b a m. a . .81.
.
60
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
al l b a m
k k
k
n
an a
k
k a
ln
a
k a mla
kk a
k n l n am
kl
.
n
m al a
n n ku ulma ,
lm
kn l n n kullan lma
k k
m n a lma na a m la ak .
3.1.3. DaºÇstan TarÇm ve GÇda
a
an a m alanla bak m n an l uk a an l b b l
bulunmak a .
u bu ak
u an
n a la l
lk
b
ba an b ba a
n a a
n n n a a n a kalan
ml
a a l
a m a lmak a
l m
b
lm k
.
ll kl
m
m n n ml
l ka nakla n an b
.
lk n n n ml
l n
a a ab kala ku ulmu
lk n n
a
a M ll a la na ( M ) b
k an a ka k a la an b
kal m lmu u .
lk n n kl m
l
b
m
m
m a l u un an m
b
ll
n
u um a . M
b
mnn
u um a lma
19. An ak
l
k n
ana n
l m n
l a m
l n n a lma n an n a a m a a l n
n ml l
m
kl
a anm
.
k m n
b an
n u ula
ba
nl
n
n
km
. An ak lk n n n n ml
l
ka nakla n an b
lan a a
m
k n
u ama an
20.
m
am m
Grafik 2: Eski Sovyetler Birliºinde farap oretimi ȋTonȌ
bĂƌĂƉmƌĞƚŝŵŝ
4000
bĂƌĂƉmƌĞƚŝŵŝ
2000
0
1940
M
1955
1966
a nak: El a , M.M.
a kal . 1988.
lk
m
n n a lma
19 Ma ma
1994. .19.
20 Ma ma
, Ab ulla. a
1970
a
a
m n ba l
n ka a
an
a
an
, Ab ulla. .20
61
1980
a
an k
la ak a a
m
m
m
,
a l
A R, 7-8
m
n l
ub
la a.
a m
.
l n a a
.M
a kal
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
al l b a m
m 1940 l
lla an 1980 l
lla a ka a a ma
lm
m
.
a a
m a
an k n m
n a a
n m a
.
b
a a k n m n
n
bu
n n a a
a a
lk
k n m n ka k
l uk a b
k lmu u . 1997
ln a
lanan
l n
akla k
72 l k b l m
a a
ab kala n an l
lm
.
ll kl M a kal
k
am n
a a ab ka n n
l l n k ka k
l uk a k k 21.
Tablo 1:TarÇm AlanlarÇnda Meydana Gelen Deºiçmeler ȋBin
HektarȌ
lla
Sahalar
m a ala
M
a ala
1947 1952 1953
1960
1965
1970
1975
1979
5,5
-
7,2
28,4
27
40,7
-
67,4
-
21,6
-
50,4
7
2
Kaynak:
Magamethanoviç,geografiya
Dagestankov
Klassa,Goskonizdat DASSR,Mohaçkale 1988 s. 56
ASSR,7-8
Tablo 2: 1953 -1961 ArasÇ TarÇm orònlerindeki Deºiçmeler ȋBin
TonȌ
oròn Cinsi
1953
1961
u a
149.4
330.5
b
31
52.2
E
34.2
39.7
84.4
182.5
n
4.4
6.5
ƒ›ƒǣƒ‹›ƒŽ‘˜ǡ
ǤǤǡG•–‘”‹›ƒƒ‰‡•–ƒ‡ǡ‘•˜ƒͷͿͼͿ•ǤͿͺ
uka ak
abl a
a
an k n m n n
m l
m
ma
l
lan bu a , b , ,
n
m n n 9 ll k 19531961
n mn
a
l nm k
. En a la a
n bu a
mn , a a n a
mn
l u u
l nm k
.E
n
nl n
b a
lma na a m n
mmk a
nl
a aa
.
21
EPR , R
. 1997. a . .18. A
a bk .
62
, a . .65.
al l b a m
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
Grafik 3: ozòm AlanÇ, Bròt ozòm Mahsulò ozòm HasadÇnÇn
Deºiçimi
Kaynak: Sotsialno-Ekonomiçeskoye Polojeniye Respubliki Dagestan,
Komitet Respubliki Dagestan po
Gosudartstvennoy
Statistike, 1996,
•Ǥͼͺ
uka ak abl a
m alan l b
m a la
lm
. E k Ru a a lma
ba lama an n
bn
k a an l
l n b
m a la
l uk a
k k, an ak
a lma
ba la k an n ak
n m
m k a alanla
a alm , a n aman a a l
l nb
m mka
n
n
n
a alm
.
m alanla n n a alma
m a a nn
m ,1947-1980 lla n
n a a
m
a n
,
a a
k
m n n a alma
nu una a lab l .
Grafik 4: Konserve oretimi ȋ1940-1980Ȍ
<ŽŶƐĞƌǀĞmƌĞƚŝŵŝ
400
200
<ŽŶƐĞƌǀĞmƌĞƚŝŵŝ
0
1940
1955
1966
a nak:El a , M.M.
M a kal . 1988.
1980
b
1970
a
1980
a
a
an k
A R, 7-8
la a.
lk
n ln
a n lan b
m
alanla n n 1940n mn
kl a ma na ba l la ak k n
mn
a
lm k
. An ak
l
l n n a lma
n
k l
b b
m
a la n n a alma
63
al l b a m
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
bunun nu un a a k n
a al lma ab b
nu u .
n u ulmu
a
mn
b
3.I.4. DaºÇstan HayvancÇlǺÇ
a an l k
lk
k n m n
a
a l
b
u mak a .
ll kl k
kba a an
l
n lan a .
a a n a
b
k ba a an a
lm k
.
k b
k
ba a an
l m
n lma an n ml l a lmak a
lk k n m n a la
a
k l kalmak a . En k
k unun b l n
lk
bunu n k
b
k ba a anla
l m k a a
a mu
lm k
.E,
mamull
m
nl n
l . u alanla a a la ak a mla
m
a la n n
l
lm ,
n
m
kn kl n n
kullan lma ,
a a lama mk nla n n
l
lm
l
a a a a a kal l
ka ma
a a k k mal unab l k
a ab l k
a
k .
Grafik 5: HayvancÇlÇk SektÚròndeki Deºiçim ȋ1961-1980ȌBin
Adet
Kaynak:
Magamethanoviç,geografiya
Dagestankov
Klassa,Goskonizdat DASSR,Mohaçkale 1988 s. 56
ASSR,7-8
uka ak a k n
anla la a
n lk n n n n ml
a an
nnk
k ba a an l u u, k n
a a
b
k
ba a an a l
bulun u u
lm k
.
mu a n n
l uk a a m k a a .1961 n 1980 ka a k
n m
k un
a n n l uk a a
,b
k ba a an a n a a a
lmakla
b ab k un a n ak a a
a aa mk a aa
mu
a nn
m n m n
m
lm k
.
k
b
k ba
a an
l l n l u u lk
n u ulmu
a
mn
u manla ma mk n n a amal
.
64
al l b a m
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
Grafik 6: Hayvansal oròn oretimindeki Deºiçme ȋ1961-1980Ȍ
Bin Ton
Kaynak:Magamethanoviç,geografiya,Dagestankov,ASSR,7-8
Klassa,Goskonizdat DASSR,Mohaçkale 1988 s. 56
1961-1980 lla a a n
n a k
,
umu a
mnn
m
lm
. umu a
m n 80 l
lla a
a al
,
mnn
a
,
mnn
k a b
mn l u u
lm k
.
n
n
l b ab bu
a an al
nl n a a
al
lm
n ml
. M u
l n l
lm
m
n
l n ku ulma la a an al
nl n
ml l n a ma
lk
a a a ka ma
n n ml
b
ula a ak . n a n
kl
n l
l bl k
a kl
n
l
man a
n n l
l n k
n ml
a a kal ml
al n
l bl .
Tablo3: 1991 YÇlÇnda Kuzey Kafkasya HayvancÇlǺÇnda
Makineleçtirme Seviyesi ȋΨȌ
l
u
nu
a
n u a
a
an
aal
a ka a
um u
um u
M kan k a ma
91
98
60
31
Mak n l
lm
95
97
93
41
u
m
Mak n l
lm
88
100
77
29
m a m
Mak n l
lm
95
97
96
41
b
m l m
ƒ›ƒǣ f‡›Š‘˜ Ǥǡ „‡‘‘‹­‡•‘› ‡ˆ‡–‹˜ƒ•–‹ ’”‘‹œ˜‘–•ˆ‹˜‡Çš
’”‘–•‡•‘˜ƒŒ‹˜‘–‘˜‘–­‡•‹šˆ‡”ƒšǡ‘Šƒ­ƒŽ‡ͷͿͿͺǡ•Ǥͷ͸͹Ǥ
65
al l b a m
uka
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
abl a u
a ka a ak k n m l n m k
mn n
kn l
a al
m
an
lm
. kn l k a ma l m n n a lma , m
n u ul
ulama,
ma k m a m
m
n u ul
b
m l m
l ml
a ka a ak
lk l n l uk a
n
. El
m
n
l
m
an
31, m
n a a ulama 41,
ma k m
m
29, m
n u ul
b
m l m l m
an
ku
a ka
lk l n n
41
la la n a 22. a
l uk a
u um a . an al la ak b
k a k
lm k
.
u a k n ka anma
a
an a an l n
k l
b n ka a
a a ak .
un
ak
n
3.1.5. DaºÇstan Turizmi
a
an k numu
ba l
u m
l uk a l
l b
u um a bulunmak a . E k Ru a
n mn
b
a l b l
k n
n
n m
k n
al n
k
lm , m u u l k
l
n
bak m
a l u um a lan b b l
n m n
. a a
n
m a u m
m
n
la
a n an lk
ka an ab l k b
k numa
lm l
.
b mk n
a u mnn l
lm
.
nk
la
a m a lab l
b, a n
a la u m
abala a anmal
.
ll kl
b n
nn a
n mn n
a alan la ak a la ak a mla la 12 a
m
m
u m mk n a lanab l . akla k 2000 ll k b
m
a
,
k a
l
ll kl Na n al
la ak b l n n
b n
kal
l ,
k
al
ll kl , a n aman a
l n k l l
ana la la n lana kan bu
a la ak u m a mla
lk n n kalk nma n a n l k
k .A n
kl
l n k l
m
l m l
l m u uba b l
nn
nl n n b n
n a a an lma u m anlan ab l
b k n m
ka k a la a ak . u b l l k a n m Ru a
a nuna
m
bl
b A ba an,
an,
k
an b
lk l
m
unab l k . un n m
b n n a a
k n
n an ma mk n bulab l k .
l n k l l ana la n n
u
n a an lma
a
ll kl
al
kuma ana n n
an lma
a
an k n m n n ml b ka k a la a ak .
22
:
n
M.A, b k n m
k
ma , M
k
k na
a kal 1994, . 123. A
66
nn
na
a bk .
, a . . 79.
al l b a m
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
3.1.6.DaºÇstan UlaçÇmÇ
la m a n an a
an m
n ula m a a la n an
ka a a a lanamamak a . a a, ka a, n ula m n n
nn
bulun u u lk , al a
k kl n n bu mk nla n an
ka a
a alanamamak a . a a
n nn
k
l u a ma l k
mk nla bulunmakla b l k
a lan a ma l k n
a
k
. n a n
k l l man l m l
l
k m k
lma k nu un a a lk
nl n
l .
l u
k
a ma l n n
ab l
lm
n a n
k l l man
l
k
alanla na a la ak a mla lk k n m n n an ama la n an
b
la ak . u alan a Ru a
a nunun
um u
l
l
ll kl a a
n n k m u A ba an
km n an l
l u
k a ma b l
mk nla a anmal
. a la ak bu
b l
nu u lk b a a an
a A a a a lan b ka b
a a an
A u a a u anan b ula m a ku ulma
a n
akala a ak . M u
m
lla n n l
lm
a malla n
k
a a
l
a a
nl b
kl
ula
la ak .
a a lu a ma l
aa n kl
nl n
l . lk
n an a
an a
lm k
n
a amla
n M k a a
a a n a lk n n k a aalan lan M a kal
lm k
un a
kalmak a la .
a a
lla n n
a a
ml
al ma
u umun a
aman ka b n n n n
l b l k . a a lu
a ma l
k
a n an “ ba ul
a
n l n al
l ml n
n
n ml
.
a a
lu a ma l n
l n
lm
a
an n kalk nma na ka k a la a ak .
3.1.7.DaºÇstan Ekonomik Gliçkileri Ghracat –Gthalat
GmkŸnlarÇ
lk
l n k l la ak
u bl ku lk l l
a
a makla
b ab
n n
n a b
k lk l
a
mk nla n
l
m
. Am ka
l k
l l , A u a
l ,
k ,
A a
lk l , u ak
u lk l
ll kl a n a
n
lk n n a
a
n ml lk l
la ak
lm k
. lk n n
n ml
a a kal ml
ba a
l
l an ana
lmak
un, am
, l nm
, n
nl
k
. a l a
al ma
l
,b a
a, n
ala ,
l
k
,
23
a m
nl
.
lk n n
a
a m 1996 akamla na
akla k 409
m l n la
n
kl m
. u akam b
n k la
anla k a a
b
u um a .
a
a m n k lumlu
l m lk n n
n ka la
lukla
a a a a
23
l, . b a m, a . . 111, 113.
67
al l b a m
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
a
n
m k
. 1995 l n a a
an n
bulun u u lk a
51 k n bu a 1997 l n a
alk n ba la b nl m
b ab
k
l
a
kl n a kl b
kl
an ma
nl n
l nm n a lam
.
k
bu
b
kb b l m n
k ba na ka la ab l . 2000
la la
n
lma b kl n n a
an a
b l m
k
a a n an ka lanab lm mk n
a anma
n
n ml
.
a
aal
48 lmu u . 24
nn
m
lk
n
a
a mnn
lla a m l a
nnb
kb
a la n n
Tablo 4:1995,1996 Gthalat-Ghracat DaºÇlÇmÇ ȋΨȌ
RA A
nl
P
lla
l
nl
a
En
amma
Mak n
l
nl
am
Ma
nl
( a ul
a l)
a
lam
A A
1995
1996
1995
1996
32
42
11,9
7,8
8,2
40,5
37,2
12,5
21
6,5
17,2
8,3
3,4
7,1
-
-
4,4
0,7
5,4
2,3
31
3,2
28,3
67,1
100
100
100
100
ƒ›ƒǣƒ‰‡•–ƒ•ƒ›ƒ”ƒ˜†ƒ͸ͽƒ”–ͷͿͿͽǡ•ǤͻǤ
uka ak abl a 1995-1996 lla
n ml
ala - a a
kal ml
lm k
.P
l
n
nl n n
a a nn n
k k
l u u
a
amma
l
k
a a a
nn
kn
a a l u u
lm kl b ab bu k kal m n
ala a
a n kl
n lana k
anla lmak a . ununla b l k
l
a
nl
n ak kal ml
b
k a l u u
l n m .
P
l
a
a a
a ala
n ak l
n l
k la
l nm k
. An ak am
a a lmakla b ab
ala
a lma
bunun a lk n n
a n a
lk l
nl k
24
Ab ulla
N,.
a
na a, n
l , a
68
07.03.97, a 10, .7.
al l b a m
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
a la ab l
l n bl . n a n
kl
ba ul
a
an mla ab l
m (bu ba ul a
n
l ma
mal
a n a
lk n n al
n
b
u um
l ml nm k
.
bl )
l u u
Grafik 7: Gthalat ve Ghracat 1996-1997ȋMilyon DolarȌ
a nak:
m
R
aln -Ek n m
k
u lk a
an
P l
u a
n
R
nn
u lk a
an,
a
k , 1997.
uka ak
a k 1996- 1997 lla n ak
a
ala
anla
lm
.
ala 1996
1997
a a mka nn
l uk a
n
. 1997 l n ak
ala n
1996 akamla n
n
ka la
lm k
.
a a
an n n
k
l a a m n m n
m
lm k
. lk n n
a a
k n m nn
l l k n a a lan
l n b l . ala a a
n
lk al
n
l
lm k
. 1996
1997
a a
ala
l n
a a k l uk a a la . bu
u umun l k lla a ka a lma
lk l n
nm
n, lk
ka nakla n n
ml b
kl
l n
lm
km k
.
69
al l b a m
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
SONUÇ
n
n b an a
l
l n n a lma
n
ba m
lma a a k k numun a kalma a a n a bulan lk
ba m l n ka anan
um u
l
b bu an n
l n
m m
. An ak lk
an
ln
ml b
kl
l n m
u umun a a n aman a
n lm
lk
ka nakla n an
k k
l
l
lm
bu
l n abana
a lma
lk n n
a
n n a ma na l a a a ka n lma
b
k .
k
n b n u a a
lk
u
ml
am
alanla lu u ul u un a
la kalk nma luna
k . n a n
kl
l m
an n n a ma
lk k n m n lumlu ka k
a la a ak .
lk n n kalk nma
l m n
lk
n ak a an a la a
a b
k
l
m k
. a
an
a
a n n lk
a a a
a mla
nu un a l
l k ka ma
l uk a
n ml
.
ll kl M k a
Ru a n n
b
k
l
a a an
a
anl la
lk
ma
a an
n ml ka k a
bulunab l l . ununla b l k A ba an a a a an a
anl la
a lk
k n m n
k n
a
k
a la a ak
lk n n kalk nma na
a m
lab l kl
.
k
unlu
lu la
l m b
k a ka k k nl
a an a bulunmak a . unla n k lk a a n a k l l k l n
l
lm
nu u b
kmka a a
a mnn n l
a mla n a a a
n l bl .
KAYNAKÇA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Ab ulla
N,.
a
na a, n
l , a 07.03.97
an
Ma
,
u k P
l
l . an Paul
n na nal. N
k 1993
a
an ka a P a a 27 Ma 1997.
an al , . . ,
a a
an I , M k a 1969.
El a
M.M.,
a a
a an k
A R, 7-8
la a,
k m a A R, M a kal 1988
E l
a
n, a
an
a
anl la , . 1961
l . b a m,
b
P a a k n m n
n
a
an Ek n m , ba lmam
k k l an
. Ma ma a
70
al l b a m
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
/ Avrasya Strateji Dergisi 3(2): 053-071
n
a
u
lam lk l
En
, k a Ana
l m al . . 1998.
I
a Na a
n
a a a. 2. l . M k a.
“Nauka 1988
Ma am an
,
a a
a
ank
A R,7-8
la a,
k n a A R,M a kal 1988
Ma ma
, Ab ulla. a
an
a
an
m ,
a l
ub
. M a kal 1994.
. a
an n
Ek n m k a
, a nak a nla ,
m 1997.
R
nal
u
l ,Ea
n Eu aan
mm n al
n
n
a . 1997.A P l al an
E n m u
Ru an
a nR u l
a
an.
aln -Ek m m
k
P l n
R ubl k
a
an,
k m
R ubl k
a
an
u a
nn
a
k ( EPR , R
), 1996.
aln -Ek m m
k
P l n
R ubl k
a
an,
k m
R ubl k
a
an
u a
nn
a
k ( EPR , R
).1997.
M.A, b k n m
k
k na
nn
na
n
k
ma , M a kal 1994.
N
- au a an
amb
mm
an In u
,
M k a 1997.
71