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T.C.
SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ
SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ
ÇOKKÜLTÜRLÜLÜK VE İNSANİ GÜVENLİK
SORUNLARININ
ÖTEKİ ALGISI EKSENİNDE İNCELENMESİ
YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ
İdris TURAN
Enstitü Anabilim Dalı : Uluslararası İlişkiler
Enstitü Bilim Dalı
: Uluslararası İlişkiler
Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Zeynel A. KILINÇ
ARALIK – 2013
BEYAN
Bu tezin
yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyulduğunu, başkalarının
eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta
bulunulduğunu, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadığını, tezin
herhangi bir kısmının bu üniversite veya başka bir üniversitedeki başka bir tez
çalışması olarak sunulmadığını beyan ederim.
İdris TURAN
06.12.2013
ÖNSÖZ
Tez konusu belirlenmeden önce yaptığım çalışmalarda belirgin şekilde dikkat çeken
nokta,
çatışma
ve
kriz
sebeplerinin
bir
şekilde
Öteki
tanımlamalarına
temellendirilebileceği ile ilgili düşünceler oldu. Bu sebepten bu konunun ileriki
araştırmalar için daha anlaşılır kılınması gerektiği kanaati oluştu. Hem bireyin, hem
toplumda baskın kültürün hem de farklı alt grupların göz ardı edilmemesi gerektiğini,
bunun yanında analiz düzeyleri arasında da uyum olmasının uygulanabilirlik açısından
zorunluluk olduğu görüldü. Tezde bu sorunun yanıtlanması için sorulacak sorulara
giden yolu görebilmek için Çokkültürlülük ve İnsani Güvenlik Sorunlarının Öteki
Algısı Ekseninde çok boyutlu ve derinlemesine incelenmesi için bir kapı aralamak
düşüncesi ile bu çalışma yapıldı.
Bu vesile ile başta eğitimin önemini vurgulayarak beni devamlı destekleyen anneme,
babama ve beni her zaman destekleyen kardeşime teşekkürü borç bilirim. Ardından
konu tez sürecinde gerekli önerileri ile tezimdeki eksikliklerin azaltılmasında yol
gösteren danışmanım Doç. Dr. Zeynel A. KILINÇ’a katkılarından dolayı teşekkür
ederim. Prof. Dr. Ertan EFEGİL hocama, Yrd. Doç Dr. Köksal ŞAHİN hocama ve
danışman hocama tezimi titizlikle ele alıp, yaptıkları yapıcı eleştirileri ile ileriki
çalışmalarımda yol gösterici oldukları için özel olarak teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca adını
zikretmediğim diğer hocalarıma da teşekkür ederim. Belirtmeden geçemeyeceğim
önemli bir nokta da Sakarya Üniversitesi Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü’ndeki tüm
öğretim üyesi hocalarıma ve araştırma görevlisi arkadaşlarıma da farklı bir bölümden
gelmeme rağmen bunu asla hissettirmedikleri ve sadece akademik olarak üretken olup
olmadığım boyutuna önem verdikleri için en içten teşekkürlerimi sunarım.
Bu tez, insanlığın barış içinde ve onurlu bir şekilde bir arada yaşamasının yollarını
aramış ve aramakta olan insanlara adanmıştır.
İdris TURAN
06.12.2013
ødø1'(.ø/(5
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gZET ...................................................................................................................... vi
SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... vii
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ii
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SAÜ, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Yüksek Lisans Tez Özeti
Tezin Başlığı: Çokkültürlülük ve İnsani Güvenlik Sorunlarının Öteki Algısı Ekseninde
İncelenmesi
Tezin Yazarı : İdris TURAN
Danışman : Doç. Dr. Zeynel A. KILINÇ
Kabul Tarihi : 06 Aralık 2013
Sayfa Sayısı : vii (ön kısım) + 111 (tez)
Anabilimdalı : Uluslararası İlişkiler Bilimdalı
: Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bu çalışmanın çıkış noktası, Ötekine dair algılamaların, gerçeklikte yansımalarının
olmasıdır. Tarihsel süreçler göstermiştir ki, kendi öznelliğini kurmak isteyen birey,
grup, topluluk, devlet vb. mutlak olarak tanımlanmış ve nesnelleştirilmiş bir konuma
indirgenen bir Ötekiye ihtiyaç duymuştur. Bu durumun modern devletin öncesindeki
dönemde, modern devlet döneminde ve nihayetinde içinde bulunduğumuz ve postmodern olarak adlandırılan çağda da örnekleri bulunmaktadır.
Tezdeki temel varsayım, çatışma ve kriz sebeplerinin bir şekilde Ötekiye dair algılarla
ilişkili olduğu üzerinedir. Bu sebeple, insan için onurlu yaşamın sağlanmasını ve
devam ettirilmesini merkeze alan İnsani Güvenlik ve Çokkültürlülük yaklaşımlarının
normatif şekilde incelenmesi ve uygulama noktasında ortaya çıkabilecek avantaj ve
dezavantajlarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.
Tez ile ilgili çalışma yapılırken yanıt aranan temel sorular şunlar olmuştur: Öteki nasıl
oldu da nesne konumunda kurulmuş ve bu kurulum gerçekliğe nasıl yansımıştır?
Çokkültürlülük yaklaşımının toplumsallık kültürü sağlamadaki sorunların çözümündeki
etkisi ne düzeydedir? Ayrıca İnsani Güvenlik’in onurlu bir yaşam inşasında nasıl bir
rolü bulunmaktadır? Bu yaklaşımların eksik kaldığı noktalar nelerdir? Uluslararası
sistemin bu sorunlardaki etkisi nedir?
Tezin ilk bölümünde Çokkültürlülük yaklaşımı üzerinde durulmuş ve bölüm sonunda
ise Sürdürülebilir bir Küresel Çokkültürlülük yaklaşımının eklenmesi, Çokkültürlülük
taleplerinin tek başına devlet içi mekanizmalarla çözülemeyecek kadar karmaşık bir hal
almış olması sebebi ile gerekli görülmüştür.
İkinci bölümde ise, İnsani Güvenlik çalışmalarının genel olarak teorik temellerinden
bahsedildikten sonra, ilk bölümle de bağlantılı olarak, İnsani Güvenlik yaklaşımına
Küresel Çokkültürlülük yaklaşımının entegrasyonu ile elde edilebilecek kazanımlara,
bu sentezin gerekliliğine işaret eden örneklere yer verilmiştir.
Çalışmadan genel itibari ile çıkarılabilecek sonuç; tek merkezli, sabit ve Ötekinin
öznelliğini denkleme katmayan uygulamaların kriz ve çatışma sonuçlu süreçlere
evrilebildiğidir. Sabit formda dondurulmuş olarak inşa edilen kimlik ve kültürlerin
mümkün olamayacağı görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda da sistem düzeyinde ve devlet
düzeyinde yapılması gerekenlerle ilgili ortaya farklı yaklaşımlar konulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Öteki İnşası, Radikal Demokrasi, Çokkültürlülük, İnsani
Güvenlik, Sürdürülebilir Küresel Çokkültürlülük
vi
Sakarya University Institute of Social Sciences
Abstract of Master’s Thesis
Title of the Thesis: Analysing of Multiculturalism and Human Security Problems in
Axis of Perception of the Other
Author
: İdris TURAN
Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Zeynel A. KILINÇ
Date
: 06 December 2013
Nu. of pages : vii (pre text) + 111 (main body)
Department : International Relations Subfield
: International Relations
Perceptions of Other has reflexion on reality is the origin of the study. Historical
processes show that individual, group, community, state, etc. which needed to create
Self subjectivity needed an absolute Other which is defined as an object. In the period
of pre-modern state, during modern state period and current post-modern era have
examples for this.
The basic assumption in the thesis is that the reason of conflict and crisis are related to
the perception of Other in some way. Therefore, Human Security and Multiculturalism
approaches which aim to get sustainable honored life for human are analysed
normatively and to show pros and cons during processes are aimed.
The basic questions which are aimed to be answered in the dissertation are: How has
been the Other built as an object and how does this affect this situation in real life?
What is the level of the multiculturalism in to be solved the problem which is to
provide cultural areas to communities. Furtherly, what is the role of Human Security to
create honored life for humanity? What are the waeknesses of these approaches? And
what is the effect of international system in these problems?
In the first part of the dissertation, identical requests, critics of liberalism and
modernity, radical democracy project is added to agenda. Lastly Multiculturalism in
agonistic radical democracy axis have been studied.
In the second part, after mentioning generally theoretical bases of Human Security
studies, by connected in the first part, the part is ended with possible gains by
integrating Global Multiculturalism approach into Human Security approach with
instances for the reason of this syntesis.
The general result in the study is that not cared subjectivity of the Other, unique
centrism and stabilization in applications can turn into crisises and conflicts processes.
Frozen identities and cultures cannot be possible in real life is realised. At this point,
different approaches are highlighted to do what should be done.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Construction of Other, Radical Democracy, Multiculturalism,
Human Security, Sustainable Global Multiculturalism
vii
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Schnapper, Dominique, ^ŽƐǇŽůŽũŝƺƔƺŶĐĞƐŝŶŝŶPǌƺŶĚĞPƚĞŬŝŝůĞ7ůŝƔŬŝ͕ǇƔĞŐƺů^ƂŶŵĞǌĂǇ;ĕĞǀ͘Ϳ͕7ƐƚĂŶďƵů͗7ƐƚĂŶďƵů
ŝůŐŝmŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĞƐŝzĂǇ͕͘ϭ͘ƐŬ͕͘ƌĂůŦŬϮϬϬϱ, ss. 471-472.
5
Schnapper, Dominique, ^ŽƐǇŽůŽũŝƺƔƺŶĐĞƐŝŶŝŶPǌƺŶĚĞPƚĞŬŝŝůĞ7ůŝƔŬŝ, age., sf. 518.
4
7
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Schnapper, Dominique, ^ŽƐǇŽůŽũŝƺƔƺŶĐĞƐŝŶŝŶ PǌƺŶĚĞPƚĞŬŝŝůĞ7ůŝƔŬŝ, age., sf. 17.
8
Schnapper, Dominique, ^ŽƐǇŽůŽũŝƺƔƺŶĐĞƐŝŶŝŶPǌƺŶĚĞPƚĞŬŝŝůĞ7ůŝƔŬŝ, age., ss. 419-420.
9
10
11
12
6
7
8
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15
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18
DŽŽƌƚŚǇ͕ZĂǀŝĐŚĂŶĚƌĂŶǀĞĚŝŒĞƌůĞƌŝ͕͞ƚŚŶŝĐŝƚǇĂŶĚƚŚŶŝĐWĞƌĐĞƉƚŝŽŶŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂŶƐ͕͟ Journal of Social Sciences 7(4),
2011, ss. 590-596.
19
^ŵĂũĚĂ͕ :ŽŶ ǀĞ :ŽƐĞƉŚ'ĞƌƚĞŝƐ͕ ͞ƚŚŶŝĐ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƚŚŶŝĐ ŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ ŝŶ Ă ͚^ĂƵĐĞ-^ĐĞŶƚĞĚ EĞŝŐŚďŽƌŚŽŽĚ͕͛͟
Sociological Forum, ŝůƚϮϳ͕^ĂǇŦϯ, ǇůƺůϮϬϭϮ͕ƐƐ͘ϲϭϳ-640.
13
14
9
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20
ŬŝĐŝ͕EŝǇĂǌŝǀĞ^ĞƌĚĂƌzŦůĚŦǌ͕͞DĂĐƌŽ>ĞǀĞůƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƚŽdŚĞ/ŵƉĂĐƚŽĨ'lobalization and Regime Types on Ethnic
sŝŽůĞŶĐĞ͕͟^ƺůĞǇŵĂŶĞŵŝƌĞůhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇdŚĞ:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨ&ĂĐƵůƚǇŽĨĐŽŶŽŵŝĐƐĂŶĚĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŝǀĞ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐ͕ŝůƚϭϴ͕^ĂǇŦ
1, 2013, ss. 449-463.
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ĞďĞůŽ͕ ƐĞďĞ ZĞŐĂƐƐĂ͕ ͞ŵĞƌŐŝŶŐ ƚŚŶŝĐ /ĚĞŶƚŝƚŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ /ŶƚĞƌ-Ethnic Conflict: The GujiʹBurji Conflict in South
ƚŚŝŽƉŝĂ͕͟Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, ŝůƚϭϮ͕^ĂǇŦϯ, 2012, ss. 517-533.
22
ĞďĞůŽ͕ ƐĞďĞ ZĞŐĂƐƐĂ͕ ͞ŵĞƌŐŝŶŐ ƚŚŶŝĐ /ĚĞŶƚŝƚŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ /ŶƚĞƌ-Ethnic Conflict: The GujiʹBurji Conflict in South
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30
31
McLuhan, Marshall ve Bruce R. Povers,'ůŽďĂů<ƂǇ, age., sf. 214.
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12
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McLuhan, Marshall ve Bruce R. Povers,'ůŽďĂů<ƂǇ, age., sf. 26.
34
<ĂƐƚŽƌǇĂŶŽ͕ZŝǀĂ͕͞ŽĚĞƐŽĨKƚŚĞƌŶĞƐƐ͕͟Social Research, ŝůƚϳϳ͕^ĂǇŦϭ͕ĂŚĂƌϮϬϭϬ͕ƐƐ͘ϳϵ-100.
35
ũǌĞŶƐƚĂĚƚ͕DŝŵŝǀĞƐƐĂĨ^ŚĂƉŝƌĂ͕͞dŚĞ^ŽĐŝŽ-Legal Construction of Otherness Under a Neo-Liberal Regime The
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36
tŝůůŝĂŵƐ͕͘E͕͘͞ƐƐŝŵŝůĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚKƚŚĞƌŶĞƐƐ͗ƚŚĞdŚĞŽůŽŐŝĐĂů^ŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞŽĨEĠŐƌŝƚƵĚĞ͕͟ International Journal of
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40
41
Schnapper, Dominique, Sosyoloji ƺƔƺŶĐĞƐŝŶŝŶPǌƺŶĚĞPƚĞŬŝŝůĞ7ůŝƔŬŝ, age., sf. 56.
42
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39
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43
Cornwell, Grant H. ve Eve Walsh Stooldard, (Ed.), Global Multiculturalism (Comparative Perspectives on Ethnicity,
Race, and Baion), Oxford: Rownan&Littlefield Publishers, 2001, sf. 1.
44
Kymlicka, Will, ŽŬŬƺůƚƺƌůƺzƵƌƚƚĂƔůŦŬ͕Ğǀ͘ďĚƵůůĂŚzŦůŵĂǌ͕7ƐƚĂŶďƵů͗ǇƌŦŶƚŦzĂǇ͕͘,ĂǌŝƌĂŶϭϵϵϴ͕ƐĨ͘ϰϵ͘
45
hE^K͕͞hE^KtŽƌůĚZĞƉŽƌƚEŽ͘Ϯ͗/ŶǀĞƐƚŝŶŐŝŶƵůƚƵƌĂůŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇĂŶĚ/ŶƚĞƌĐƵůƚƵƌĂůŝĂůŽŐƵĞ͕͟WĂƌŝƐ͕ϮϬϬϵ͘
46
WƌĞŝƐƐ͕:ŽƐŚƵĂƌŽĂĚǇ͕͞DƵůƚŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůŝƐŵĂŶĚƋƵĂů,ƵŵĂŶŝŐŶŝƚǇ͗ŶƐƐĂǇŽŶŚŝŬŚƵWĂƌĞŬŚ͕͟Springer Science
&Business Media B.V. 2011, 2011, ss. 141-156.
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ZŽƉĞƌ͕ >ĂƌƌǇ ͕͘ ͞^ƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŝŶŐ ĐƌŽƐƐ ƵůƚƵƌĞƐ͗ EĂǀŝŐĂƚŝŶŐ ŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ DƵůƚŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůŝƐŵ͕͟ New Directions For
Student Services͕tŝůĞǇWĞƌŝŽĚŝĐĂůƐ͕ŶŽ͘ϭϯϲ͕<ŦƔϮϬϭϭ͕ƐƐ͘ϲϵ-80.
48
dĂƚĞů͕ĂƌůŽƐW͕͘͞EŽŶ-tĞƐƚĞƌŶWĞŽƉůĞƐĂƐ&ŝůŝƉŝŶŽƐ͗DĞĚŝĂƚŝŶŐEŽƚŝŽŶƐŽĨ͞KƚŚĞƌŶĞƐƐ͟ŝŶWŚŽƚŽŐƌĂƉŚƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ
National Geographic MagĂǌŝŶĞŝŶƚŚĞĂƌůǇϮϬƚŚĞĞŶƚƵƌǇ͕͟Asian Anthropology, Chinese University Press, ss. 61-78.
*
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ŽŶƚŚĞKƚŚĞƌŶĞƐƐŽĨEĂƚƵƌĞ͕͟Environmental Values 19, The White Horse Press, 2010, ss. 211ʹ232.
53
Schnapper, Dominique, ^ŽƐǇŽůŽũŝƺƔƺŶĐĞƐŝŶŝŶPǌƺŶĚĞPƚĞŬŝŝůĞ7ůŝƔŬŝ, age., ss. 153-154.
54
Schnapper, Dominique, SoƐǇŽůŽũŝƺƔƺŶĐĞƐŝŶŝŶPǌƺŶĚĞPƚĞŬŝŝůĞ7ůŝƔŬŝ, age., sf. 427.
55
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Ankara: Dost Yay., Nisan 2006, sf. 31-32.
57
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Meer, Nasar, Citizenship, Identity and the Politics of Multiculturalism, The rise of Muslim Consciousness, UK:
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Keyman, E. Fuat, dƺƌŬŝǇĞǀĞZĂĚŝŬĂůĞŵŽŬƌĂƐŝ͕DŽĚĞƌŶĂŵĂŶůĂƌĚĂ^ŝǇĂƐĞƚǀĞĞŵŽŬƌĂƚŝŬ^ƂǇůĞŵ, age., sf. 10.
Keyman, E. Fuat, dƺƌŬŝǇĞǀĞZĂĚŝŬĂůĞŵŽŬƌĂƐŝ͕DŽĚĞƌŶĂŵĂŶůĂƌĚĂ^ŝǇĂƐĞƚǀĞĞŵŽŬƌĂƚŝŬ^ƂǇůĞŵ, age., ss. 2326.
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NDPXVDODODQODRODVÕGÕU
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Keyman, E. Fuat, TƺƌŬŝǇĞǀĞZĂĚŝŬĂůĞŵŽŬƌĂƐŝ͕DŽĚĞƌŶĂŵĂŶůĂƌĚĂ^ŝǇĂƐĞƚǀĞĞŵŽŬƌĂƚŝŬ^ƂǇůĞŵ, age., sf. 152.
114
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Keyman, E. Fuat, dƺƌŬŝǇĞǀĞZĂĚŝŬĂůĞŵŽŬƌĂƐŝ͕ DŽĚĞƌŶĂŵĂŶůĂƌĚĂ^ŝǇĂƐĞƚǀĞĞŵŽŬƌĂƚŝŬ^ƂǇůĞŵ, age., sf. 163.
117
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7ƐƚĂŶďƵů͗7ůĞƚŝƔŝŵzĂǇŦŶůĂƌŦ͕ϭϵϵϲ͕ƐƐ͘ϮϮϳ-261.
118
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119
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ŽŵŵĞŶƚĞĚŽŶďƵƚ^ĞůĚŽŵǆƉůŽƌĞĚ͕͟Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue canadienne de science politique
36:1, Mart 2003, ss. 61-83.
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Oxford: Constellations, Blackwell Publishing͕ŝůƚϭϯ͕^ĂǇŦϯ͕ϮϬϬϲ͕ƐƐ͘ϯϱϰ-373.
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Terestre, No. 1, 2010, ss. 124-128.
197
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Forces (DCAF) Policy Paper, No 26, 2007.
203
ĂĂƐĞ͕ ŚƌŝƐƚŽƉŚĞƌ͕ ͞EĂƚŝŽŶĂů͕ ^ŽĐŝĞƚĂů͕ ĂŶĚ ,ƵŵĂŶ ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͗ KŶ ƚŚĞdƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ WŽůŝƚŝĐĂů >ĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͕͟
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Referans Nesnesi
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Kaynak: Daase, Christopher, age.
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Daase, Christopher, age.
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tŽƌŬWƌĂĐƚŝĐĞ͕͟European Journal of Social Sciences͕ŝůƚϮϬ͕^ĂǇŦϮ͕ϮϬϭϭ͕ƐƐ͘ϮϮϴ-239.
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'ƌĂĨ͕ZƺĚŝŐĞƌ͕͞ĞƚǁĞĞŶEĂƚional and Human Security: Energy Security in the United Statesand Western Europe
ŝŶƚŚĞϭϵϳϬƐ͕͟Historical Social Research͕ŝůƚϯϱ͕^ĂǇŦϰ͕ϮϬϭϬ͕ƐƐ͘ϯϮϵ-348.
205
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Journal of Sociology of Agriculture&Food͕ŝůƚϭϵ͕^ĂǇŦϮ͕ƐƐ͘ϭϳϲʹ200.
212
DŝůƚŶĞƌ͕ĂƌďĂƌĂ͕͞,ƵŵĂŶ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇĂŶĚWƌŽƚĞĐƚŝŽŶĨƌŽŵZĞĨŽƵůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞDĂƌŝƚŝŵĞŽŶƚĞǆƚ͕͟ĚǁĂƌĚƐ͕ůŝĐĞǀĞ
Carla Ferstman, (Ed), Human Security and Non-Citizens, UK: Cambridge UniversityPress, 2010, s. 268.
213
ďƵǇĂ͕ ĚǁŝŶ KĚŚŝĂŵďŽ͕ ͞&ƌŽŵ ,ĞƌĞ ƚŽ tŚĞƌĞ͍ ZĞĨƵŐĞĞƐ >ŝǀŝŶŐ ŝŶ WƌŽƚƌĂĐƚĞĚ ^ŝƚƵĂƚŝŽŶƐ ŝŶ ĨƌŝĐĂ͕͟ ĚǁĂƌĚƐ͕
Alice ve Carla Ferstman, (Ed), Human Security and Non-Citizens, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010, s. 135-136.
214
Edwards, Alice ve Carla FerstmaŶ ͞,ƵŵĂŶŝƐŝŶŐ ŶŽŶ-citizens: the convergence of human rights and human
ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͕͟ĚǁĂƌĚƐ͕ůŝĐĞǀĞĂƌůĂ&ĞƌƐƚŵĂŶ͕;ĚͿ͕Human Security and Non-Citizens, UK: Cambridge University Press,
2010, s. 5.
215
ĚǁĂƌĚƐ͕ ůŝĐĞ ǀĞ ĂƌůĂ &ĞƌƐƚŵĂŶ ͞,ƵŵĂŶŝƐŝŶŐ ŶŽŶ-citizens: the convergence of human rights and human
ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͕͟ĂŐĞ͕͘Ɛ͘ϱ-6.
216
Miltner, Barbara, age., s. 227.
217
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Edwards, Alice ve Carla Ferstman, (Ed), Human Security and Non-Citizens, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010, s.
315.
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ĞŶĞĚĞŬ͕ tŽůĨŐĂŶŐ͕ ͞,ƵŵĂŶ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŚƵŵĂŶ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚŝŽŶ͕͟ KǆĨŽƌĚ ǀĞ DĂůĚĞŶ͗ Blackwell Publishing
Ltd., 2008, ss. 7-17.
222
Edwards, Alice ve Carla Ferstman, (Ed), Human Security and Non-Citizens, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010,
s XIX.
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͞hEŚĂƌƚĞƌ͕͟1945, http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/, (10 Mart 2013).
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Cambridge University Press, 2010, s. 522.
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hunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm#Does_the_world_produce_enough_
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