ludvig fon mizesi 1881-1973 ludvig fon mizesma Tavisi cxovreba

ludvig fon mizesi 1881-1973 ludvig fon mizesma Tavisi cxovreba

Tavisuflebis biblioTeka, wigni IV
ludvig fon mizesi
1881-1973
ludvig fon mizesma Tavisi cxovreba socializmisa da totalitarizmis
mxilebas miuZRvna da erT-erT ukompromiso mecnierad iTvleba. man
udidesi gavlena iqonia avstriuli ekonomikuri skolisa da klasikuri
liberalizmis aRorZinebaze, aseve, Tanamedrove libertarianuli
politikuri filosofiis ganviTarebaze.
moqmedi adamiani da ekonomika
(gamoqveynda 1951 w.)
zogadad, adamianebi fiqroben, rom ekonomika
mxolod mewarmeebis, bankirebis da maTi momijnave
profesiebis mqone xalxis interesis sagania,
amasTan, yovel jgufs, sazogadoebriv segments
an qveyanas sakuTari gamorCeuli ekonomikuri
urTierTobebi axasiaTebs. gamomdinare iqidan,
rom ekonomika mecnierebis erT-erTi yvelaze
axali dargia, gasakviri ar aris, rom codnis
am nawilSi movlenaTa mniSvnelobis da Sinaarsis
Sesaxeb mravali mcdari Sexedulebaa gabatonebuli.
didi dro daWirdeba imis axsnas, Tu rogor
Camoyalibda mcdari warmodgenebis mTeli wyeba,
Tu romeli avtorebi iyvnen amaze pasuxismgebelni da ra gavlena hqonda yovelive amaze politikur garemos. ufro mniSvnelovani ki isaa,
rom es gaugebrobebi aRvricxoT da sazogadoebis mier maTi aRiarebis Sedegebi ganvixiloT.
pirveli damkvidrebuli gaugebroba imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom ekonomikuri mecniereba
adamianis yoveldRiur yofas ar exeba da is
mecnierTa mier SeTxzul samyaros asaxavs. am
midgomis uarsayofad xazi esmeva im garemoebas,
rom namdvili adamiani miTiuri “ekonomikuri
adamianisgan” mkveTrad gansxvavdeba.
rogorc ki am pirveli gaugebrobas uaryofen, meore Secdoma iCens Tavs – es aris rwmena,
rom ekonomikuri mecnierebis mixedviT, adamianebs mxolod pativmoyvareoba da gamorCena
amoZravebT, raTa sakuTari yofa-cxovreba
gaiumjobeson. am Tvalsazrisis sawinaaRmdegod
amboben, rom yvela adamiani egoisti ar aris.
mesame gaugebroba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
ekonomika yovel adamians keTilgonier,
racionalur da mxolod gonebis karnaxiT
moqmed arsebad miiCnevs. am mosazrebis kritika
gulisxmobs, rom adamianebi xSirad “iracionalurad” moqmedeben.
samive aRniSnuli gaugebroba Zireulad mcdar
daSvebebs eyrdnoba. ekonomikuri mecniereba ar
gulisxmobs, r om ekonomikuri adamiani
Cveulebrivi adamianisgan gansxvavdeba. erTaderTi, rasac ekonomikuri mecniereba asabuTebs,
isaa, rom samyaroSi arsebobs garemoebebi, romelTa mimarT adamiani gulgrili ar aris da
Sesabamisi mdgomareobis Secvla mizanmimarTuli
moqmedebis gziT surs. Tuki adamiani neitraluria, gulgrilia, kmayofilia, is aRar moqmedebs. magram, rodesac is sxvadasxva SesaZlo
mdgomareobas erTmaneTs adarebs da xedavs, rom
arsebuli mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba SeiZleba,
is moqmedebas iwyebs.
adamianis moqmedeba, misi piradi Sefasebis
Sedegad Camoyalibebuli Tvalsazrisis Sesabamisad mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis mcdelobas
gulisxmobs. es ar niSnavs, rom mdgomareoba
metafizikis an RmerTis TvalsazrisiT umjobesdeba. adaminis mizani, misi azriT, naklebad
xelsayreli garemo pirobebis ufro xelsayreli
garemo pirobebiT Secvlaa. is iRwvis, rom
naklebad sasurveli mdgomareoba ufro xelsayreliT Caanacvlos. am miznis miRweviT is ufro
bednieri xdeba, vidre manamde iyo. es midgoma
Tavad moqmedebis Sinaarss ar exeba, anu ar aqvs
mniSvneloba adamians egoizmi amoZravebs Tu
altruizmi.
im gaugebrobebis aRmosafxvrelad, romelic
“racionalizmisa” da “iracionalizmis” garCevisas warmoiqmneba, unda gacnobierebdes, rom
yvelaferi, rasac adamiani Segnebulad akeTebs,
im Zalis zegavleniT xdeba, rasac Cven gons
vuwodebT. nebismieri qmedeba, romelic garkveuli miznis miRwevas gulisxmobs, arsiT
“racionaluria”. “racionalursa” da “iracionalurs” Soris gabatonebuli dapirispireba
yovelgvar azrsaa moklebuli. “iracionalurobis” magaliTad gamodgeba patriotizmi,
axali qurTukis an sakoncerto bileTis SeZena
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac raime sxva qmedeba ufro
keTilgonivrulad SeiZleba Candes. adamianuri
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inteleqtualebi, ganaTleba da Tavisufleba
moRvaweobis Semswavleli Teoriuli mecniereba
mxolod imas gulisxmobs, rom arsebobs
moqmedeba, e.i. calkeuli adamianebis swrafva
sakuTari dardis gasaqarveblad da mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad. moqmedebis mizezis an
Sinaarsis araviTari RirebulebiTi Sefaseba ar
xdeba. ekonomikuri mecniereba Rirebulebebis
mimarT neitraluria, RirebulebiTi Sefasebis
Sedegebs ganixilavs, magram Tavad neitraluri
rCeba.
“ekonomikur” da “araekonomikur” moqmedebas
Soris gansxvavebebis Ziebac yovelgvar azrs
moklebulia. zogierTi qmedeba Tavad adamianis
sasicocxlo grZnobebisa da saWiroebebis
(sakvebis, sacxovrisis da a.S.) dakmayoflebisken
aris mimarTuli. sxvebi, miiCneva rom ufro
“amaRlebuli” miznebiT aris ganpirobebuli.
magram gansxvavebuli adamianebi sxvadasxva
miznebisken swrafvas sxvadasxvanair RirebulebiT Sefasebas aZleven da erTi pirovnebac ki,
Seqmnil viTarebas sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxvanairad afasebs. ekonomikuri mecniereba ubralod moqmedebas exeba. moqmedebis miznebis kvleva
ki istoriis sagania.
ekonomikuri kanonebis Cveneuli codna
Semecnebis Sedegia da ar SeiZleba is istoriuli
gamocilebis Sedegad dadgindes, radgan
istoriuli gamocdileba yovelTvis kompleqsuria da SeuZlebelia, misi laboratoriul
pirobebSi gadamowmeba. ekonomikuri faqtebis
wyaro adamianebis sakuTari Semecnebaa, e.i. is,
rasac Cven epistomologiaSi a priori (gamocdilebisgan damoukidebel – mTarg. SeniSv.)
codnas vuwodebT, rac ukve cnobilia. a priori
codna gansxvavdeba posteriori (gamocdilebidan
gamomdinare – mTarg. SeniSv.) codnisagan, rac
gamocdilebis Sedegad miiReba.
rac Seexeba a priori codnas, ingliselma
filosofosma jon lokma (1632-1704) Camoayaliba Teoria, romlic mixedviT axalSobilis
goneba sufTa furcels hgavs, r omelic
gamocdilebis SeZenis kvalobaze ivseba. man Tqva,
rom Tandayolili codna ar arsebobs. germanelema filosofosma da maTematikosma gotfrid
vilhelm fon leibnicma (1646-1716) am debulebaSi erTi gamonaklisi dauSva, Tavad inteleqtis saxiT. misi azriT, gamocdileba adamianis
gonebaSi arsebul cariel furcelze ki ar
iwereba, aramed, mxolod adamianis gonebaSi
arsebuli saazrovno meqanizmis meSveobiT
muSavdeba da SesaZlebels xdis, adamianma
gamocdileba codnad gardaqmnas.
me ar vapireb, rom “recionalizmsa” da
“empiricizms”, gamocdilebasa da codnas Soris
gansxvavebebis Sesaxeb kamaTSi CaverTo, rasac
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britaneli filosofosi da ekonomisti jon
stiuart mili (1806-1873) a prioristic codnas
uwodebda. Tumca, Tavad milsac da amerikel
pragmatistebsac swamdaT, rom a prioristic-uli
codnac gamocdilebiT miiReba.
ekonomikuri codna, ekonomikuri Teoria da
a.S. ekonomikur istoriasa da yovelRiurobas
imave gziT ukavSirdeba, riTic logika da
maTematika – Cven mier sabunebismetyvelo
mecnierebebis aTvisebis unars. yvelafris
miuxedavad, Cven SegviZlia aRmovfxvraT es
antiegoizmi da vaRiaroT faqti, rom ekonomikuri Teoriis codna Semecnebidan gamomdinareobs. logika da maTematika aseve Semecnebidan
gamomdinareobs; maTematikaSi eqsperimentebi da
laboratoriuli kvlevebi ar gamoiyeneba. erTerTi maTematikosis TqmiT, is xelsawyoebi,
romelic maTematikoss sWirdeba, Semoifargleba
fanqriT, furcliT da nagvis yuTiT, radgan misi
mTavri iaraRi gonebaa.
magram, Cven SeiZleba vikiTxoT, rogor
SeiZleba, rom maTematika, romelic erTavad
adamianis Semecnebis nayofia da araviTari
kavSiri ar aqvs gare samyarosTan da realobasTan, im samyaros kvlevaSi gamoviyenoT, rac
adamianis gonebis gareT da mis damoukideblad
arsebobs? am kiTxvaze pasuxi frangma mecnierma
henri puankarem (1854-1912) da fizikosma albert
ainStainma (1879-1955) gasces. igive kiTxva
ekonomistebma SeiZleba ekonomikuri mecnerebis
mimarT dasvan. rogor SeiZleba, rom rame, rac
mxolod Cveni Semecnebis, Cveni azrovnebis Sedegia, im movlenebis Sesaswavlad iqnes gamoyenebuli, rac bazarze da samyaroSi mimdinareobs?
yoveli pirovnebis moRvaweoba – yvela
moqmedeba – gamomdinareobs gonidan, imave
wyarodan, saidanac Cveni Teoriebi iRebs saTaves.
adamianis moqmedebas bazarze, xelisuflebaSi,
samsaxurSi, dasvenebisas, yidva-gayidvisas,
goneba im arCevanis mixedviT marTavs, rasac
adamiani akeTebs imasa da imas Soris, rac
moswons da rac ar moswons. Semecneba aris
meTodi, romelic gadawyvetilebas (mniSvneloba
ar aqvs kargs Tu cuds) ganapirobebs. yoveli
moqmedeba cvlilebaa, radgan erT viTarebas
meoreTi cvlis. moqmedi piri imedovnebs, rom
Sedegad sakuTar mdgomareobas gaiumjobesebs.
sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebSi kvlevis
sawyisi wertili garkveuli eqsperimentebis
Sedegad miRebuli faqtebia. am faqtebidan
gamomdinare, sul ufro da ufro abstraqtuli
da sul ufro da ufro ganzogadebuli Teoriebi
yalibdeba. Teoriebi sabolood iseT saxes
iRebs, rom sazogado gamoyenebisTvis gamousadegari xdeba. Tumca, es ar niSnavs, rom amiT
Tavisuflebis biblioTeka, wigni IV
isini ufasurdeba; sruliad sakmarisia, rom maT
mecnierTa mcire nawili mainc iyenebs.
yovel a prioristic-ul mecnierebaSi, Cven zogadi
debulebiT viwyebT – moqmedeba erTi viTarebis
meoreTi Casanacvlebad xorcieldeba. am
Teorias, romelsac mravali uazrobad miiCnevs,
sxva ideasTan mivyavarT, rac sul ufro da
ufro gasagebi xdeba da naklebad abstraqtulia.
sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi naklebad
zogadi debulebebidan sul ufro zogadi
debulebebisken viTardeba. ekonomikuri
mecniereba sapirispiro mimarTulebiT viTardeba. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi samaradJamo kavSir-urTierTobebis daamyarebas
cdilobs. adamianuri moRvaweobis asparezze
amgvari urTierTobebi ar arsebobs, Sesabamisad,
arc maTi gaTvlis saSualeba arsebobs.
RirebulebiTi Sefaseba, romelic adamians
moqmedebisken ubiZgebs, romlebic fasebs da
sabazro urTierTobebs ayalibebs, ar izomeba;
isini upiratesobaTa safexurebriv sistemas
qmnian; rangirebas eqvemdebarebian. isini ar
amboben, rom “A” “B”-s tolia, an masze metia,
an naklebi. isini amboben, “me B-sTan SedarebiT
A-s vaniWeb” upiratesobas. isini samsjavros
ar ayalibeben. es garemoeba ori aTasi welia
mcdarad iyo gagebuli. dResac ki, Zalian bevri
adamiani, maT Soris sayovelTaod cnobili
filosofosebi, am sakiTxSi srul umecrebas
iCenen. sabazr o fasebis sistema swored
RirebulebaTa da upiratesobaTa sistemis
Sedegad yalibdeba.
aristotele, sxva mraval sakiTxTan erTad,
qalisa da mamakacis mraval saxasiaTo
gansxvavebaze wers. is xSirad cdeboda. mas rom
qalbaton aristotelesTvis qalis Sesaxeb
gamoekiTxa, mixvdeboda, rom mraval SemTxvevaSi
cdeboda; Sesabamisad, misi kvlevac sxvagvarad
ganviTardeboda. is cdeboda maSinac, rodesac
miiCnevda, rom bazarze ori sagani erTmaneTze
tolobis gamo icvleba. magram, Tuki isini
erTmaneTis tolia, maSin ratom Cndeba maTi
gacvlis aucilebloba? Tuki Tqven gaqvT Sauri
da mec maqvs Sauri, Cven maT ar vcvliT, radgan
isini erTgvarovania. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom
gacvlis SemTxvevaSi adgili unda hqondes ara
tolobas, aramed gansxvavebas.
karl marqsma (1818-1883) sakuTari Rirebulebis Teoria swored am mcdar Tvalsazrisze aago.
marqsis am Secdomis naxva eugen fon bem-baverkis
(1851-1914) naSromis – “kapitali da mogeba”
meSvide TavSi SeiZleba. marqsidan karga xnis
Semdeg, henri bergsonma, Tavis naSr omSi,
romelic religiaSi moralis ori wyaros
arsebobas exeba, igive Secdoma gaimeora da
asabuTebda, rom Tuki bazarze ori sagani
icvleba, isini garkveulwilad tolebi unda
iyoso. magram “toli” sagnebi erTmaneTze ar
icvleba. gacvlas mxolod maSin eqneba adgili,
rodesac sagnebi araerTgvarovania. Sen swored
imitom wuxdebi bazarSi wasvliT, rom erTi Tavi
puri ufr o metad giRirs, vidre fuli,
romelsac masSi gadaixdi. xalxi sagnebs imitom
yidulobs, rom drois Sesabamis momentSi maT
ufro metad afasebs, vidre maTSi gadaxdil
fuls. gacvla wagebis ganzraxviT arasodes
xdeba. moqmedi adamiani arasodes aris pesimisti,
radgan misi nebismieri moqmedeba ganpirobebulia
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis SesaZleblobis
rwmeniT.
moqmedebis mizani is aris, rom adamianma
arsebuli yofa gaiumjobesos. nebismieri
cvlileba fasdeba “ mogebad” , Tuki mas
mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba axlavs, an “wagebad”, Tuki Sedegad mdgomareoba uaresdeba. es
Sefaseba wminda fsiqologiuri xasiaTisaa da
misi gazomva SeuZlebelia. masze mxolod imis
Tqma SeiZleba Tu ramdenad didia an patara.
misi gazomva mxolod maSin xdeba SesaZlebeli,
rodesac bazarze sagnebi fulze icvleba. mas
Semdeg, rac moqmedeba Sedga, mas araviTari
Semdgomi maTematikuri Rirebuleba ar gaaCnia.
magram, Tqven ityviT, es Cven yoveldRiur
gamocdilebas ewinaaRmdegeba. diax, imitom rom
Cveni sazogadoebrivi garemo gaTvlebs SesaZlebels xdis, ramdenadac sagnebi gacvlis
sayovelTao saSualebaze, fulze icvleba.
rodesac sagnebi fulze icvleba, SesaZlebeli
xdeba, rom ekonomikuri gaTvlebi fuladi
terminebiT gamovxatoT, Tumca amisTvis sami
pirobis dacvaa aucilebeli:
1. unda arsebobdes kerZo sakuTreba da is
ara mxolod samomxmareblo saqonelze, aramed
sawarmoo faqtorebzec unda vrceldebodes;
2. damkvidrebuli unda iyos Sromis danawileba, Sesabamisad, warmoeba sxvebis moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebazec unda iyos mimarTuli;
3. unda moqmedebdes saerTo maCveneblebiT
gamoxatuli arapirdapiri gacvla.
am sami pirobis dakmayofilebis Semdeg
SeiZleba Rirebulebis garkveuli maTematikuri
sidide Camoyalibdes, magram is verasodes iqneba
zusti. es gaTvlebi verasodes gaxdeba zusti,
radgan isini yovelTvis exeba imas, rac moxda
guSin, warsulSi. sameurneo angariSebi
SesaZloa damajereblad gamoiyurebodes, magram
fuladi Rirebulebac ki momavalis spekulaciuri Sefasebis Sedegia. Rirebuleba, romelic
43
inteleqtualebi, ganaTleba da Tavisufleba
danadgarebs da sxva aqtivebs eniWeba, aseve
spekulaciuria. inflaciisgan momdinare
realuri problema imaSi mdgomareobs, rom is
ekonomikur gaTvlebs amaxinjebs da amiT
tragikuli Sedegebi moaqvs.
fuladi gaTvlebis arseboba sxvadasxva
organizaciasa Tu sazogadoebaSi aucilebeli
ar aris. isini ar arsebobdnen maSin, rodesac
sameurneo urTierToebebi daiwyo. pirvelyofili adamianebic moqmedebdnen; adamianebi
yovelTvis moqmedebdnen; magram aTasobiT weli
dasWirda, r om, Sr omis danawilebisa da
sabuRaltro aRricxvis ganviTarebis kvalobaze, fuladi gaTvlebi SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo. fuladi gaTvlebi Sua saukuneebSi nabijnabij ganviTarda. ganviTrebis pirvel periodSi
mas bevri is maxasiaTebeli aklda, rasac Cven
dRes aucileblad miviCnevT (socialistur
sazogadoebaSi [sadac sami zemoT moyvanili
pir oba ar sruldeba – mTargm. SeniSv.],
aRniSnuli pirobebi kvlav qreba da, Sesabamisad,
ekonomikuri gaTvlebi SeuZlebeli xdeba).
sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis raodenobrivi
xasiaTi SesaZlebels xdis, rom meqanikis
safuZvelze saTanado naxazebi Sedges da xidebi
aigos. Tuki Tqven iciT Tu ras aSenebT,
sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis codnaze dafuZnebuli teqnologiebi sasargebloa. Tumca
mTavari kiTxva mainc is aris, Tu ra unda aSendes,
ra unda gakeTdes. teqnologiebs am kiTxvaze
pasuxi ar ZaluZs.
sinamdvileSi, sawarmoo saSualebebi mwiria.
rasac ar unda vakeTebdeT, yovelTvis iarsebebs
sxva gegmebi, romelTa gansaxorcieleblad
saWiro sawarmoo faqtorebis deficiti iqneba.
yovelTvis gaCndeba sxva gadaudebeli moTxovna.
es is faqtoria, romelsac mewarme iTvaliswinebs, rodesac mogebasa da wagebas angariSobs.
roca mewarme Zalze maRali xarjebis gamo
garkveul proeqtze uars ambobs, es niSnavs, rom
sazogadoeba mzad ar aris nedleulis am gziT
gamoyenebis safasuri gadaixados. moxmareba
ganapirobebs arsebuli sawarmoo faqtorebis
gamoyenebas im proeqtebis gansaxorcieleblad,
romelTa meSveobiTac yvelaze gadaudebeli
moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba sawarmoo
faqtorebis gaflangvis gareSe xdeba, rac
niSnavs, rom sawarmoo faqtorebi yvelaze ufro
gadaudebeli saWiroebebisTvis moixmareba.
amis misaRwevad aucilebelia, sxvadasxva
sawarmo faqtoris danaxarjebis Sedareba iyos
SesaZlebli. magaliTad, davuSvaT, r om
mizanSewonilad aris CaTvlili or qalaqs
Soris rkinigzis ageba. vTqvaT, am or qalaqs
Soris aRmarTulia mTa. arsebobs sami gamosa44
vali: rkinigzam mTas gadauaros, Semouaros an
mis wiaRSi gvirabiT gavides. saerTo maCvenebeli
aucilebelia, rom am sam SesaZleblobas Soris
arCevani gakeTdes. magram am gziT mxolod
fuladi mdgomareobis suraTis warmodgena
SeiZleba. es ar aris gaTvala. es mxolod
dRevandeli dRis Suqze danaxuli moTxovnebisa
da garemoebebis Sefasebaa. xval viTareba
Seicvleba. nebismieri sameurneo proeqtis
warmateba swored momavali SesaZleblobebis
swor ganWvretazea damokidebuli.
ekonomikis, raodenobrivi mecnierebis,
ganviTarebis mcdelobebis problema imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom Teoriuli ekonomika mecnierebis sxva dargebis mier gakvalul gzas unda
gahyves. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi
xarisxobrividan raodenobrivSi ganviTarda da
mraval adamians swams, r om ekonomikurma
mecnierebam igive gza unda gaiaros. magram
ekonomikaSi mudmivi kavSir-urTierToebebi ar
arsebobs. amasTan, gaTvlebis gareSe ekonomikis
raodenobrivi ganviTareba SeuZlebelia.
raodenobrivi maCveneblebi ekonomikuri
istoriis da ara ekonomikuri Teoriis
kuTvnilebaa.
wigni, romlis saTauria “moTxovnis elastiurobis gaTvala”, axlaxan senatorma pol
duglasma (1892-1976) ganixila, romelic,
savaraudod, kidev ufro maRal politikur
Tanamdebobaze unda ocnebobdes. duglasi
amtkicebs, rom ekonomika zust mecnierebad unda
gadaiqces da mas iseTive mudmivi faseulobaTa
sistema unda hqondes, rogoricaa atomis wona
qimiaSi. magram wigni ar exeba myar faseulobebs;
is garkveuli qveynis, kerZod, aSS-s, garkveuli
periodis ekonomikur istorias exeba. Sedegebi,
SesaZloa, gansxvavebuli yofiliyo Tuki is sxva
dros da sxva qveyanas Seexeboda. am samyaroSi
atomis wona ucvlelia, miuxedavad droisa da
qveynisa, magram, amavdroulad, ekonomikuri
Rirebulebebi da ekonomikuri raodenobebi
droisa da adgilmdebareobis mixedviT ganuwyvetliv icvleba.
ekonomika – es adamianuri moRvaweobis
Teoriaa. udidesi istoriuli faqtia, rom
kartofilis sasargeblo Tvisebebi meqsikis
mkvidri actekebis mier iqna aRmoCenili,
evropaSi britaneli jentlmenis mier iqna
Camotanili da male is mTel msoflioSi
gavrcelda. am faqtma udidesi gavlena moaxdina,
magaliTad, irlandiis istoriaze, magram
ekonomikis TvalsazrisiT es mxolod SemTxveviTobaa.
rodesac ekonomikaSi maCveneblebs iyenebT,
maSin ekonomikuri Teoriis asparezidan
Tavisuflebis biblioTeka, wigni IV
ekonomikuri istoriis asparezze gadadixarT.
cxadia, ekonomikuri istoria metad mniSvnelovani asparezia. statistika adamianis moRvaweobis asparezze istoriuli kvlevis meTodia.
statistika faqtebs aRicxavs, magram maT am
faqtze ufro metis ganmarteba ar ZaluZT
(sruli simarTlea, rom zogierTi statistikosi
“TaRliTia” da saTanado faqtebze dayrdnobiT
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mTavrobaSi maT swored
amis gamo iwvevevn).
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, garkveulma
adamianebma, SesaZloa, mcdari daskvna gamoitanon da miiCnion, rom, ekonomikis, rogorc wminda
a prioristic-uli mecnierebis, mizani momavlis
samecniero programis SemuSavebaa, da, rom
ekonomika mxolod mxarTeZoze wamowolili
jentlmenis Teoriaa. es orive mosazreba mcdaria.
ekonomika sulac ar aris pr ograma im
mecnirebisTvis, romelic jer ar arsebobs. is
arc puristebis mecnierebaa. Sesabamisad, Cven
unda uarvyoT mavanis mosazreba, rom adamianuri
moRavweobis Sesaswavlad istoriis kvlevaa
saWir o. istoria mniSvnelovania. magram
dRevandel garemoebebTan gamklaveba warsulis
kvleviT SeuZlebelia.
imis magaliTad, Tu ras vgulisxmob:
ekonomikuri kvlevis er ovnulma biur om
gamoaqveyna moxseneba, romelic meore msoflio
omis, inflaciisa da mTavrobis mier kreditebis
gacemis SezRudvebis dawesebis win ganvadebiT
gayidvas exeboda. maSin, rodesac es kvleva
Catarda, movlena ukve Cavlili iyo; is Seexo
movlenas, romelic warsuls Cabarda. me ar
vTvli, rom is sruliad usargeblo iyo. Wkviani
adamiani am kvlevidan bevr rames iswavlis.
magram ar dagaviwydeT, es araa ekonomika, es
ekonomikuri istoriaa. sinamdvileSi, es kvleva
uaxlesi ekonomikuri istoriis Seswavlas
exeboda.
es darvinmac gaacnobiera. man dainaxa, rom,
cxovelTa samyaros Seswavlis mizniT, cxovelebs
klavdnen. ase rom, sinamdvileSi, cxovelTa
samyaros Seswavlis magier maTi leSis Seswavla
mimdinareobda.
igive exeba ekonomikur mecnierebasac.
amJamindeli ekonomikuri mdgomareobis aRwera
aravis SeuZlia, yvela aRwera warsuls exeba.
momavals warsulis kvlevis safuZvelze veravin
iwinaswarmetyvelebs. xSirad ekonomikis
istorias “ekonomikuri mecnierebis” magivrad
aswavlian. arada, warsulis Sesaxeb yvelaferi
romc icode, es momavlis codnis saSualebas
ar iZleva.
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