the_skeptics_handbook_II-mq
Transkript
fò Ç ÇǺǤòòǡòò͛͝ǡ ǺÇÇ͔͔͔͗ÇÇ ÇǤY ÚòÇçÇÇçÇǤ ǫçÇçÇÇÇòÇ ÇÇÇÇ ÇÇÇDzdzÚòǤ ÇǡÇÇ ÇºÇǤÇ͖͔͔͜ÇÇ ͕͖͚ ÇçmilyarlarÇÇǤ Jv YHED]ÕJD]HWHFLOHUGHEX ELOJL\LVL]GHQVDNOD\DUDNgezegene \DUGÕPHWWL÷LQLGúQ\RU The Skeptic’s Handbook II 1 6L]HEWQKLND\H\LDQODWP×\RUODU <DKNPHWOHUWHNELUWHRUL\HPLO\DUODUFDGRODUOÕNWHNHOFLIRQODUDNÕWÕ\RU DPDDOWHUQDWLIOHUHKHPHQKLoELUúH\YHUPL\RUVD"<DEXWHRULNLúLVHO HPHOOHUHE\NR\XQFXODUÕQNDUÕQDELOLPLQVDQODUÕQÕQNDUL\HUSODQODUÕQD YHWR\\HúLOOHULQDPDoODUÕQDX\JXQELUWHRUL\VH" Nereden bilebilirsiniz ki? <DKNPHWOHUD\QÕJ|UúSD\ODúPD\DQELOLP LQVDQODUÕQÕLúWHQDWÕ\RURQODUDNDEDúLGGHW X\JXOX\RUVD"<DUHVPLJ|UHYOLOHUELOLPVHO J|UúOHUL\D\ÕQODQPDVÕQÕ\DVDNODWPDNDPDFÕ\OD KDNDUHWYHLIWLUDJLEL\|QWHPOHUNXOODQÕ\RUVD"3HNL \DNDPXWHúNLODWODUÕYHULOHULQLJL]OL\RUYHKDWWD ND\EHGL\RUWHPHOVL]JUDILNOHU\D\ÕPODQÕ\RUDPD G]HOWLOPHGHQNDOÕ\RUVD".DPX\XNLPELOJLOHQGLUL\RU YHELOLPNXUDOODUÕQÕELOLPGHUJLOHULQLQNXUDOODUÕQÕ $ULVWRWHOHV LQNXUDOODUÕQÕX\JXOD\DQNLP" <DELQOHUFHELOLPLQVDQÕGXUXPXSURWHVWRHWPHNLoLQ D\D÷DNDONWÕ\VDDPDEXKDEHU\DSÕOPDGÕ\VD" >úSKHFLSRSOHUOL÷L YHRWRULWH\LELU J|UúQGR÷UXOX÷XQX NDQÕWOD\DQXQVXUODU RODUDNNDEXO HWPHH÷LOLPLQGH ROPD\DQNLúL@ %XJQHGHNPLO\DUODUÕ\XWDQHNLSWH\VHQL]VL]YH ELQDUNDGDúÕQÕ]KHU\ÕOLNLKDIWDOÕ÷ÕQDXoDNLOH VH\DKDWHGHUHNGHYOHWKHVDEÕQGDQNDUúÕODQDQHJ]RWLN JH]LOHUHJLGHUNHQKHUKDQJLELUIRQXROPD\DQ J|QOOOHUH³SHWUROFOHULQPDúDVÕ´GL\RURODELOLUVLQL] 6L]HYHULOPH\HQ\DNODúÕNPLO\RQGRODU\]QGHQ NÕ\DPHWLNRSDUDELOLUVLQL]DPDEXVÕUDGDDOGÕ÷ÕQÕ] PLO\DUGRODUGDJ|]GHQNDoPDNWDGÕUdÕ÷ÕUDoÕFÕ QLWHOLNWHNLDUDúWÕUPDODUGHUJLOHUGH\HUEXODPD]NHQ VL]OHUWHOHYL]\RQODUGD\D\ÕQODQDQU|SRUWDMÕQÕ]ÕQ DUGÕQGDQELOH³EDVNÕDOWÕQGD\Õ]´GL\RUVXQX]%XDUDGD ELUQLYHUVLWHGHNDOGÕUÕPODUÕQPHWUH]HULQH WHUPRPHWUH\HUOHúWLULOL\RUEHWRQGDQVÕFDNKDYD \NVHOPHGL÷LLoLQoRNúDQVOÕ\Õ]QHGHUVLQL]"YH PLO\DUGRODUOÕNELUNXUXOXú\]OHUFHJ|QOOGHQ ROXúDQELUHNLSLOHX\JXQOXNGHQHWLPOHUL\UW\RU ùXYH\DEXúHNLOGHPHG\DNDPXQXQEXQODUÕELOPHN LVWH\HFH÷LQLGúQP\RU ? <DoRNXOXVOXILQDQVNXUXPODUÕPLO\DUODUND]DQPDN LoLQVHVVL]FHKD]ÕUOÕN\DSÕ\RUVD" 'Q\DWPPDOSL\DVDODUÕQGDQGDKDE\N\HQLELU ILQDQVDOSD]DU]HULQGHGúQ\RU%L]HKHUúH\LQ ³ELOLP]HULQHWHPHOOHQGL÷LQL´V|\O\RUODUDPD NDQÕWJ|UPHNLVWHUVHQL]VL]H³øQNDUFÕ´ JLELDGODUWDNÕ\RUODU hQOJUDILNOHUú|KUHWROPXúELUHVNLVL\DVHWoLQLQ V|\OHGLNOHULQLQWDPWHUVLQLJ|VWHUL\RUDPDEXNLúL XWDQGÕUÕOPDN\HULQH1REHO|GODOÕ\RU³5RFN <ÕOGÕ]Õ´ELOLPLQVDQODUÕPDQWÕ÷ÕQWHPHONXUDOODUÕQÕ LKODOHGL\RUDPDELOLP\D]DUODUÕEXQGDELUVRUXQ J|UP\RU$UDúWÕUPDFÕODUDoDPXUDWPDODUÕLoLQKDONOD LOLúNLOHUH\|QHOLNZHEVLWHOHULQH|]HORODUDNSDUD YHULOL\RUYHV|]GHELUELOLPLQVDQÕRODQ'DYLG6X]XNL EXKDNDUHWVLWHOHULQL\HUHJ|÷HVÕ÷GÕUDPÕ\RUYH %LUOHúPLú0LOOHWOHUGHEXQODUDUHVPLJHoLúNDUWÕ YHUL\RU:DOO6WUHHWWDULKWHNLHQE\NSDUVDGDQSD\ NDSPDJLULúLPLQHRUWDNROPXúGXUXPGD$PD JHUoHNWHQEDQNDODUoHYUH\LNXUWDUPDNLVWL\RU %LOPL\RUPX\GXQX]\RNVD" øNOLPGH÷LúLNOL÷LDGÕYHULOHQoÕOJÕQOÕ÷D KRúJHOGLQL] 1276DGHOL÷LNRUXPDNDPDFÕ\OD³NDUERQ´ ³NDUERQGLRNVLW´YH³&2´GH÷LúWLULOHELOLUúHNLOGH NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU $*:øQVDQ.D\QDNOÕ.UHVHO,VÕQPDLQVDQND\QDNOÕ &2VDOÕQÕPODUÕQÕQNUHVHOÕVÕQPDQÕQDQDQHGHQL ROGX÷XQDGDLUWHRUL ,3&&+NPHWOHUDUDVÕøNOLP'H÷LúLNOL÷L3DQHOL 2 øNOLPGH÷LúLNOL÷LQLQEDúG|QGUFNR]PRVXQGDKHU JQ\]OHUFHNLúLEHOLUOLELUWHRUL\LGHVWHNOH\HQ ³ELQOHUFHEHOJH´EXOXQGX÷XQXLGGLDHGL\RUEXQD UD÷PHQNDUERQGLRNVLWVDOÕQÕPODUÕQÕQNUHVHO ÕVÕQPDQÕQDQDQHGHQLROGX÷XQXJ|VWHUHQWHRULN ROPD\DQNDQÕWODULoHUHQtek bir belgeninDGÕQÕKLo NLPVHYHUHPL\RU6DPLPL|GOOHUND]DQPÕú DUDúWÕUPDFÕJD]HWHFLOHULVHEXGXUXPXQIDUNÕQDYDUÕU J|UQP\RU 'HQH\OHU\DSÕOPDGDQ|QFH\HUoHNLPLLOHoDOÕúDFDN RODQWUHQGHVRQVUDWJLGL\RUGXVRQXoODU³GHUHFH G|QQFH´WUHQGHUD\GDQoÕNWÕ 6ÕNÕGXUXQ.HPHUOHULQL]LED÷OD\ÕQ +LoELUúH\J|UQG÷JLELGH÷LO 3 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, 9HUVL\RQ.DV×P Güncellemeler, kaynaklara linkler, ilave notlar, 6×N6RUXODQ6RUXODU\RUXPODUoHYLULOHUYHVLSDULĂ \|QWHPOHULĂXDGUHVWH\D\×QODQPDNWDG×U joannenova.com.au ISBN: 978-0-9581688-3-0 joannenova.com.au .DEDĂLGGHWYH]RUEDO×NELOLPGHÿLOGLU %LOLPER]XOGX%ORJ\D]DUODUÕ\ÕOGÕUPDYHNDEDúLGGHWL NÕQD\DFD÷ÕQDELOLPLQVDQODUÕQDoDPXUDWPDNLoLQSDUD DOÕ\RU'DYLG6X]XNL9DNIÕ1HZ6FLHQWLVW, %LUOHúPLú 0LOOHWOHUve 1DWXUHDGOÕGHUJLJLELJUXSODUGDEORJ \D]DUODUÕQDDNWLIRODUDNGHVWHNYHUPHNWHGLUOHU 'H6PRJEORJ, ³+RJJDQDQG$VVRFLDWHV´DGOÕELUKDONOD LOLúNLOHUILUPDVÕWDUDIÕQGDQLúOHWLOPHNWHGLUYH-LP +RJJDQGD6X]XNL9DNIÕ\|QHWLPNXUXOXQGDGÕU 3URIHV\RQHOSD]DUODPDoDOÕúDQODUÕELOLPLQVDQODUÕQD EXJQHGHNKHUKDQJLELUNRQXGD\DSPÕúRODELOHFHNOHUL KHUKDQJLELUKDWDGDQGROD\ÕVDOGÕUPDNODNDOPD\ÕSELOLP LQVDQODUÕQÕQNXOODQGÕ÷ÕIRQODUDYHGLQLLQDQoODUÕQDGD D\UÕFDVDOGÕUPDNWDYHELOLPLQVDQODUÕQÕQHKOL\HWLQL NoPVHPHNWHGLUR\VDGXUXSGDNHQGLOHULQHELU EDNPDODUÕJHUHNL\RUGH÷LOPL%XNLúLOHUV|]NRQXVX KHUKDQJLELU³IRQDOÕPÕ´EXODPDGÕNODUÕQGDLVHEXQX \LQHGHLPDHWPHNWHGLU.DQÕWDLKWL\DoGX\DQNLP" %D÷ÕúODUÕQÕQELOLPLQVDQODUÕQÕQúDKVÕQD\|QHOLN NDUDODPDNDPSDQ\DODUÕQÕILQDQVHHWWL÷LQGHQNDo *UHHQSHDFH\DGD6X]XNLGHVWHNoLVLQLQKDEHULYDU" %XVÕUDGD1$6$ GDQ-DPHV+DQVHQGD³LQNDU´ÕQ KDSLVLOHFH]DODQGÕUÕOPDVÕoD÷UÕVÕQGDEXOXQX\RU $YXVWUDO\D GDELU\HúLODGD\LVHGHPRNUDVL\LDVNÕ\D DOPDPÕ]JHUHNHELOHFH÷LQL|QHUGLWDELL\DKD\GL LNOLPLNXUWDUPDNLoLQWRWDOLWHUELUROD÷DQVWKDO GHYOHWLNXUDOÕPøQVDQÕQNDQÕGRQX\RU 3DW0LFKDHOV9LUJLQLDH\DOHWLNOLPELOLPLX]PDQÕ\NHQ J|UHYLQGHQROGX$%'(QHUML%DNDQOÕ÷Õ QÕQR]DPDQNL EDúX]PDQÕ:LOO+DSSHUGD|\OH%XQODU ODUÕQ EDúÕQGDNLJHOLúPHOHUH]HPLQKD]ÕUODGÕ %LUELOLPLQVDQÕVD÷ODPSDUDVDOND\QDNODUÕEXOXQDQ L\L|UJWOHQPLúYHKLoELUúH\GHQoHNLQPH\HFHN RWRNUDWODUDNDUúÕJYHQVL]OLNX\DQGÕUPD\ÕQHGHQ LVWHVLQNL"3HNoRNELOLPLQVDQÕ|]JUFHNRQXúDELOPHN LoLQHPHNOLOL÷LEHNOHPHNWHGLU7PNRUNXWPDYH \ÕOGÕUPDODUDUD÷PHQELQOHUFHVLGHSURWHVWRHWPHNLoLQ KDUHNHWHJHoPHNWHGLUøúWHND\JÕODUÕEXGHQOLE\NWU %L]LNDQÕWLOHLNQDHGLQWHKGLWOHULOHGH÷LO )HQ\DOQÕ]FDRNXOODUGDRNXWXODQELU GHUVGH÷LOGLU+D\DWODURQDED÷OÕGÕU %LOLPROPDGDQX\JDUOÕN ROPD] Nezaket olmadan bilim ROPD] .XVXUODUDLúDUHWHGHQNLúLOHUHJHQHOGH ³LKEDUFÕ´GHQLUDPDLNOLPELOLPL V|]NRQXVXROGX÷XQGDEXNLúLOHU GH³LQNDUFÕ´ROXYHUL\RU.UL] WDNÕPÕQÕQHOLQGHNDQÕWROVD\GÕ VXQDUGÕ%XQXQ\HULQHLQVDQODUD DGWDNÕ\RUODU*RUH XQHOHPDQODUÕ VD\JÕQELUIL]LNoLRODQ)UHG 6LQJHU D\|QHOLNRODUDN|\OHVLQH DFÕPDVÕ]]HKLU]HPEHUHNELUVOXS NXOODQPÕúWÕNL)UHG6LQJHUKDNDUHW GDYDVÕDoÕSND]DQGÕ$PDNDo ELOLPLQVDQÕ%DúNDQ<DUGÕPFÕVÕ QÕQ SHUVRQHOLQLQV|\OHGL÷L\DODQODU NDUúÕVÕQGDDGÕX÷UXQDVDYDúPD\D LVWHNOLRODFDNWÕUNL"6LQJHUGDYD\Õ ND]DQGÕDPD]RUEDODUoHWHVLQLQ JFGHEHOOLROGX ©-RDQQH1RYD ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, 3 %LU´NUL]µEXODO×PGL\HSDUD|GHGLN ([[RQ0RELOúSKHFLOHUHELUPLO\RQGRODU |GHGL÷LQGHPDQúHWOHUGHNÕ\DPHWNRSX\RU2\VD WHNELUWHRUL\HPLO\DUGRODUDNÕWÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD %LQOHUFHELOLPLQVDQÕQDLQVDQND\QDNOÕNDUERQGLRNVLW EXQGDQV|]HGLOPHVLQHJHUHNGX\XOPX\RU VDOÕQÕPODUÕLOHLNOLPDUDVÕQGDELUED÷ODQWÕEXOPDODUÕ %XVÕUDGDDNÕWÕODQPLO\DUODUDUD÷PHQELOLPLQ LoLQSDUDVDOND\QDNVXQXOGX+HPHQKLoELUELOLP NRQWUROYH³GHQHWLP´OHULKHUKDQJLELUFUHWDOPD\DQ LQVDQÕQDDNVLQLEXOPDVÕLoLQSDUDVDOND\QDN J|QOOOHUHEÕUDNÕOÕ\RU%XJQWPGQ\DGDVD÷ODP VXQXOPDGÕ6L]WHNELUVRUX\DPLO\DUODUFDGRODU SDUDVDOND\QDNODUDVDKLSoRNE\N|OoGH|UJWO DNÕWÕUVDQÕ]SDUODNNHQGLQLEXLúHDGDPÕúLQVDQODU LNOLPWHNHOLQHNDUúÕoDOÕúDQNHQGLQLEXLúHDGDPÕúYH VD\ID\ÕEXODQED÷ODQWÕODULOLúNLOHUWDKPLQOHU |QJ|UOHUYHVHQDU\RODUEXOXUHOEHWWHøQVDQÕKD\UHWH WDEDQGDQJHOHQELOLPLQVDQODUÕQÕQEDúODWWÕ÷ÕELU KDUHNHWRUWD\DoÕNPÕúWÕU%XLQVDQODU\ÕNÕFÕKDWDODUÕ GúUHQLVHEXODPDGÕNODUÕWHRULNROPD\DQNDQÕW RUWD\DVHUPLúWLU %%&³)LNLUELUOL÷LPHYFXWEX\]GHQGL÷HUWHRULOHUH HúLWPLNWDUGD]DPDQYHUPH\HJHUHN\RN´GL\RU 7RS\HNQHNRQRPLOHUGH\DS×ODQGHÿLĂLPOHULQ %XQXQDQODPÕúX$UJPDQODUÕWDUWPÕ\RUODUVDGHFH WHPHOLQLROXĂWXUDQ\DĂDPVDO|QHPGHNL ELOGLULOHULQVD\ÕVÕQDEDNÕ\RUODU%XJD]HWHFLOLN ELOLPVHOGHQHWLPOHUQHGHQFUHWVL]oDO×ĂDQ GH÷LOGLU+DONODLOLúNLOHUGLUùD\HW,3&&\DQÕOÕ\RUVD EORJ\D]DUODU×QDYHHPHNOLELOLPLQVDQODU×QD úD\HWELU|Q\DUJÕPHYFXWVDEXQXELUILNLUELUOL÷LQLQ E×UDN×O×\RU" ELOLPVHOROGX÷XQXGúQHQKHUKDQJLELU RUJDQL]DV\RQGDQGX\PD\DFD÷ÕQÕ]NHVLQ GDQEX\DQD$%'KNPHWLLNOLPGH÷LúLNOL÷L HQGVWULVLQH\DNODúÕNPLO\DUGRODUYHUGL .D\QDNODU´&OLPDWH0RQH\µ6FLHQFHDQG3XEOLF3ROLF\,QVWLWXWH633,$%'+NPHWDo×NODPDODU×WHPHODO×QP×ĂW×U 4 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, joannenova.com.au Yüksek faizli karbon geliyor “Karbon” pazarı bir mal değildir. Alınıp satılacak gerçek bir şey mevcut değildir, yalnızca daha fazla CO2 içerme olasılığı olan hava için permiler vermektedir. 3HUGHQLQDUNDVÕQGDE\NILQDQVNXUXPODUÕ VH]GLUPHGHQROD\DGDKLOROX\RU\ÕOÕQGD GQ\D|OoH÷LQGHNDUERQWLFDUHWLPLO\DUGRODUD XODúWÕYHE\\HUHNLODWULO\RQGRODUOÕNELU SD]DUGL÷HUELUGH\LúOH³'Q\DoDSÕQGDDOÕQÕS VDWÕODQHQE\NPDO´KDOLQHJHOHFH÷L|QJ|UO\RU En büyük3HWURON|PUJD]\DGDGHPLUGHQGDKD E\N %DQNDODUNDUERQWLFDUHWL\DSPDPÕ]Õ istiyor JP0RrJDQ0RUJDQ6WDQOH\&LWLJURXS%133DULEDV %DUFOD\V'HXWVFKH%DQNYH&UHGLW6XLVVHHPLV\RQ WLFDUHWLSODQODUÕ\DSÕOPDVÕoD÷UÕVÕQGDEXOXQDQILQDQV NXUXPODUÕQGDQ\DOQÕ]FDELUNDoÕ$PDKLoELULYHUJL oD÷UÕVÕQGDEXOXQXUPXúJLELJ|UQP\RUGH÷LOPL" $OÕPVDWÕPODUÕ\DSDQYH\DG]HQOH\HQOHULQSDUD ND]DQDFD÷ÕJDUDQWLGLU ,3&&¶QLQEDVÕQELOGLULOHULQLDUDúWÕUPDGDQ\LQHOH\HQ JD]HWHFLOHUIDUNÕQGDROPDGDQILQDQVVHNW|UQGHNL E\NR\XQFXODUÕQFUHWVL]WHPVLOFLVLRODUDNKDUHNHW HWPLúROX\RUODU %XELUVHUEHVWSL\DVDGH÷LO .HQGLOHULQHVLODKGR÷UXOWXO PDGÕ÷ÕVUHFHNLPVHELU ³SHUPL´LoLQWHNNXUXú |GHPH]GL 6LODKP×"1HVLODK×".DUERQYHUJLOHULQL]L|GHPHPH\LELU GHQH\LQGHG|UWJULGXYDUD´PHUKDEDµGH\LQ .D\QDNODU.DUERQ7LFDUHWL'Q\D%DQNDV×5DSRUX gQJ|UOHU$%'9DGHOL(PWLD7LFDUHW.RPLV\RQX&)7& © Joanne Nova 2009 %X³VHUEHVWSL\DVD´VHUEHVWGH÷LOGLUYHELUPDO ]HULQHGH÷LO³WHúYLNOHUH´ED÷OÕRODQH\OHPOHUH \|QHOLNGHQHWOHQHPH\HQGHQHWLPLLPNDQVÕ]SHUPLOHU ]HULQHWHPHOOHQPHNWHGLU%XQODUúLUNHWOHUHDNVL KDOGHLQúDHWPH\HFHNOHULWHPL]IDEULNDODUÕLQúD HWPHOHULLoLQYHULOPHNWHGLUKDOEXNLWHPL]IDEULNDLQúD HWPH\HFHNOHULQLNLPELOHELOLU"$YUXSD¶QÕQHQL\LLNL GHQHWoLVLQLQLNLVLGHVRQD\LoLQGHJHoLFLRODUDN J|UHYGHQDOÕQPÕúWÕU.DUERQSHUPLOHULQLQLVH KNPHWNDUDUQDPHVLROPDGÕ÷ÕVUHFHKLoELUGH÷HUL \RNWXU%XROVDROVDILQDQVNXUXPODUÕWDUDIÕQGDQ V|PUOPH\LEHNOH\HQELUGL÷HU\HWNLGLU %DQNHUOHU\DUDUODQÕ\RU² VL]|G\RUVXQX] 2ODVÕVDKWHNDUOÕNYH\R]ODúPD\ÕVÕQÕUOD\DQWHNXQVXU VHoPHQKDONÕQQH\LQHNDGDUWROHUHHGHFH÷LGLUYHGH QHOHUGHQKDEHUGDUROGX÷XGXU%X\DVD\UUO÷H NRQGX÷XQGDGHYDVDWD]PLQDWWDOHSOHULQH\RODoPDGDQ \UUONWHQNDOGÕUPDNPPNQROPD\DFDNWÕU%\N EDQNHUOHUKHULNLúHNLOGHGHND]DQoOÕoÕNPDNWDGÕU %XGXUXPPDGGLPDOODUÕUHWHQOHULQFHELQL ERúDOWPDNWDGÕU The Skeptic’s Handbook II 5 .UL]LRODQDNV×]N×ODQNXVXU .DUERQGLRNVLWPLNWDUÕLNL\HNDWODQGÕ÷ÕQGD EXQXQ\RODoWÕ÷ÕÕVÕQPDVDGHFH&¶GLU hVWHOLNEX,3&&¶QLQVD÷ODGÕ÷ÕELUYHULGLU %XQXELOL\RUPX\GXQX]" $VÕOR\XQVXLOHLOJLOL ¶OHULQEDúÕQGDDUDúWÕUPDFÕODUQHPYHEXOXWODUD LOLúNLQELUWDNÕPWDKPLQOHU\UWSEXWDKPLQOHUL PRGHOOHULQH\HUOHúWLUGLOHU%XJQ\DQÕOGÕNODUÕQÕ ELOL\RUX]NDUERQDLOLúNLQRODUDNGH÷LODPDQHPYH EXOXWKDOLQGHNLVX\DLOLúNLQRODUDN6|]NRQXVX PRGHOOHUNDUERQNRQXVXQGDQDVÕOKDNOÕROXSLNOLP NRQXVXQGD\DQÕODELOGL÷LQHGDLUELOJLú|\OH &2ELUVHUDJD]ÕGÕUYHJH]HJHQLPL]LÕVÕWÕU6|] HGLOHQPRGHOOHULUHWHQOHUGQ\DÕVÕQGÕNoDGDKDoRN VX\XQEXKDUODúDFD÷ÕYHDUWDQQHPRUDQÕQÕQGDKDoRN ÕVÕ\ÕKDSVHGHFH÷L\|QQGHELUWDKPLQ\UWPúOHUGL 0DQWÕNOÕ1HPLQ\NVHNROGX÷XJHFHOHUJ|N\]QQ EHUUDNROGX÷XJHFHOHUGHQGDKDVÕFDNWÕU %XQD³JHULEHVOHPH´DGÕYHULOLU²ELUGL÷HUGH\LúOH NDUERQEL]LÕVÕWÕUEXGXUXPQHPL\NVHOWLUEXEL]L GDKDGDÕVÕWÕUHQD]ÕQGDQWHRULGH2\VDVXNDUPDúÕN YHGH÷LúNHQELUXQVXUGXU1HPOLOLNµQHPOL¶KDOLQL NRUX\DELOLUDOoDNEXOXWODUDG|QúHELOLU\DGD\D÷PXU GROXYH\DNDURODUDNGúHELOLU9HEXQODUÕQKHUELUL IDUNOÕELUHWNL\H\RODoDU GHUHFHQLQ]HULQGHNLKHUWDKPLQELUWUµJHUL EHVOHPH¶\HGD\DQPDNWDGÕU$PD\DV|]NRQXVX HNVWUDQHPDOoDNEXOXWODUDG|QúUVH"<DVÕUI \D÷PXUROXS\D÷DUVD"<DGDKDD]VD\ÕGD\NVHN EXOXWROXúXUVD"%XQODUÕQKHUKDQJLELULJH]HJHQLPL]L VR÷XWDFDNWÕU .DUERQGDQND\QDNODQDQNoNoDSOÕÕVÕQPD\Õ E\WHFHNJHULEHVOHPHHWNLOHULROPDGDQIHODNHWV|] NRQXVXGH÷LOGLUYHJ|]OHPOHUGHD\QHQEXQX V|\OHPHNWHGLU/LQG]HQJH]HJHQLQÕVÕQGÕNoDGDKD oRNUDG\DV\RQ\D\GÕ÷ÕQÕEXOPXúWXU6SHQFHUJH]HJHQ ÕVÕQGÕNoDGDKDD]VD\ÕGD\NVHNEXOXWROXúWX÷XQX EXOPXúWXU3DOWULGJHQHPRUDQODUÕQÕQGúPú ROGX÷XQXEXOPXúWXU.D\ÕSµVÕFDNQRNWD¶PRGHOOHULQ \DQOÕúROGX÷XQXJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU%|\OHFHQHUHGH\VH EWQÕVÕQPDGXUXPXJHoHUVL]ROPDNWDGÕU0RGHOOHU IDNW|UQHNDGDUDEDUWPDNWDGÕU&NRUNXWPDVÕ DVOÕQGD\DOQÕ]FD\DUÕPGHUHFHOLNELUHNVWUDÕVÕQPDGÕU %\NN×VP×oRNWDQJHUoHNOHĂPLĂRODQ \DU×PGHUHFHOLNELU×V×QPD\×|QOHPHN LoLQHNRQRPLOHULG|QĂWUPH\HNLP LKWL\DoGX\X\RU" *HUoHNWHQNLP" .D\QDNODU*HULEHVOHPHOHUWDKPLQL,3&&'HÿHUOHQGLUPH5DSRUX%|OPgOoOPĂ/LQG]HQHWDO %XOXWODU6SHQFHUHWDO1HPOLOLN3DOWULGJHHWDO 6 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, joannenova.com.au %XOXWODUKHUĂH\HEDVN×QG×U $O*RUHNDUERQGLRNVLWLQ%D\*QHúÕúÕ÷Õ¶QD QDVÕOEDVNÕQJHOLSRQXQDWPRVIHULWHUN HWPHVLQLQDVÕOHQJHOOHGL÷LQLDQODWÕ\RU$PD ³XQXWWX÷X´ELUúH\YDUEXOXWODU\HU\]QH GúHQWRSODPJQHúÕúÕ÷ÕQÕQG|UWWHELUL NDGDUÕQÕ\DQVÕWÕU%XÕúÕQODU\HU\]QGHQ VDGHFHELUNDoNLORPHWUHX]DNWDLNHQJQHúWHQ GQ\D\DGHNRODQWP\ROXNDWHGLSDUGÕQGDQ X]D\ERúOX÷XQDoDUSÕSJHULVÕoUDUODU %XOXW|UWVQGHNLKHUKDQJLELUGH÷LúLNOLN E\NELUIDUND\RODoPDNWDGÕU,3&& EXOXWODUÕQÕVÕQPD\D\DQÕWYHUGL÷LQL YDUVD\PDNWDGÕUDPDEXOXWODUÕVÕQPD\Õ NROD\FDkovabilirler 3RWDQVL\HORODUDNEXOXW|UWVQ GH÷LúWLUHELOHFHN±NLEXGXUXPGDLNOLPLPL]L HWNLOH\HELOLUSHNoRNXQVXUPHYFXWWXU .R]PLNÕúÕQODUJLEL|÷HOHUEN]VD\ID RN\DQXVÕVÕVÕSDWHUQOHULQGHNLGH÷LúLPOHU DUD]LDoPDH\OHPLYHDHURVROOHUGHEXOXWODUÕ HWNLOHU %XOXWODU\HU\]QHGĂHQWRSODPJQHĂ ×Ă×ÿ×Q×QG|UWWHELULNDGDU×Q×\DQV×W×U 'Q\DQÕQNHQGLEXKDUODúPDOÕVR÷XWXFXVXYDU²<D÷PXU %XKDUODúPDYH\D÷PXUJH]HJHQLPL]L&GDKDVHULQWXWPDNWDGÕU(OOL'R÷DOVHUDHWNLVLQLQ\]GHVHNVHQL QHPYHEXOXWODUGDQND\QDNODQPDNWDGÕU%XOXWODUWPJH]HJHQLPL]LQFLYDUÕQGDELUNÕVPÕQÕ|UWPHNWHGLU %XRUDQÕQ\ÕOÕQGD\ÕOÕQGDKDWWD \ÕOÕQGDD\QÕROXSROPDGÕ÷ÕNRQXVXQGD NLPVHQLQELUILNUL\RNWXU%XELUWDKPLQGLU ,3&&YHPRGHOOHPHFLOHUEXOXWODUÕYH \D÷PXUXL\LELOPHGLNOHULQLLWLUDIHGL\RU 2\VDEXHWPHQOHU'Q\D¶QÕQLNOLPNRQWURO ELULPLQLQDQDNRQWURO³G÷PHOHUL´GLU ùD\HWELOJLVD\DUVLPODV\RQODUÕ\DOQÕ]FD \]GHELUYH\DLNLOLNELUVDSPDJ|VWHUL\RUVD EXOXWODU\DGD\D÷PXUNDUERQGDQ ND\QDNODQDQÕVÕQPD\ÕVLOLSJ|WUHFHNWLU KHPGHELUNDoJQLoLQGH øNOLPPRGHOOHULHQL\LWDKPLQOHUH YDUVD\ÕPODUDYHKHVDSODPDODUD GD\DQPDNWDGÕU%XPRGHOOHUE\N|QHPDU]HWPH\HQRQODUFDNRQXGDLQDQÕOPD]GHUHFHGHKDVVDVYH KDWDVÕ]GÕUODUQHYDUNL|QHPWDúÕ\DQELU\DGDLNLNRQX\DJHOLQFHDQFDNoRNJHQHOWDKPLQOHUGH EXOXQDELOPHNWHGLUOHU .D\QDN&GDKDVRÿXN´6X3HUL\RGXµ1$6$%LOLPL © Joanne Nova 2009 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, 7 6DKWHKRNH\VRSDODU×YHJL]OLWXWXODQYHULOHU %XRQ\ÕOODUFDVUHQoDOÕúPDODUÕDODúD÷ÕHGHQLNOLPPRGHOOHULQHVRUXQVX]FDRWXUDQYHNXúHGHUJLOHULQ ELUELULDUGÕQDDONÕúWXWWX÷XELUJUDIL÷LQPHQIXUKLND\HVLGLU6|]NRQXVXJUDILNELUVUH|QFH KHUKDQJLELUFUHWDOPD\DQELUDQDOLVWWDUDIÕQGDQGLGLNGLGLNHGLOGLYHJHoHUOL÷LQL\LWLUGL2\VDD\QÕ JUDILNHQSUHVWLMOLGHUJLGHNature GHUJLVLQGH\D\ÕPODQPÕúDPDEXQFD\D\JÕQOÕNND]DQPDVÕQÕQ QH|QFHVLQGHQHGHVRQUDVÕQGDKLoNLPVHWDUDIÕQGDQ NRQWUROHGLOPHPLúWLNature NRQWUROHWPHPLúWL ,3&&NRQWUROHWPHPLúWLGL÷HULNOLPDUDúWÕUPDFÕODUÕ NRQWUROHWPHPLúWL \ÕOÕQGD2UWDoD÷G|QHPLQGHGQ\DQÕQGDKD VÕFDNROGX÷XNRQXVXQGDKHUNHVPXWDEÕNWÕDPDR G|QHPGH&2RUDQÕGúNWYHEXGXUXPLNOLP PRGHOOHULQHRWXUPX\RUGX\ÕOÕQGD0LFKDHO 0DQQELUDQGDGL÷HUDUDúWÕUPDODUÕJ|UPH]GHQ JHOHUHNWPGQ\D\ÕNRUNXWDQELUJUDILNoÕNDUWWÕ± D÷DoKDONDODUÕ³¶OÕ\ÕOODUÕQVRQELQ\ÕOÕQHQ VÕFDNRQ\ÕOÕROGX÷XQX´J|VWHUL\RUGX$UWÕNKDYD VÕFDNOÕNODUÕNDUERQGDNLDUWÕúDWDPÕWDPÕQD ³X\JXQOXN³J|VWHUL\RUGX´,3&&UDSRUXQGD EXJUDIL÷LEROERONXOODQGÕ+NPHWGHSDUWPDQODUÕ ELUHUNRS\DVÕQÕHGLQGLOHU0HG\DKHUNHVHDQODWWÕ *UDILNWHJ|UOHQYH\XNDU×\DGRÿUXJHUoHNOHĂHQNHVNLQVDO×Q×P <DPDO·GDNLWHNELUDÿDoWDQND\QDNODQ×\RUGX $QFDN6WHYHQ0F,QW\UHNXúNXOX\GX*UDIL÷LQ GR÷UXODPDVÕQÕ\DSPDNLVWHGLDPD0DQQYHUL\DGD \|QWHPOHULQLSD\ODúPD\ÕGHIDODUFDUHGGHWWL²R\VD EXQRUPDOGHKHUKDQJLELUELOLPVHODUDúWÕUPDQÕQ WHPHOJHUHNOHULQGHQELULGLU6HUEHVWoHXODúÕODELOPHVL JHUHNHQELOJLOHULHGLQHELOPHNLoLQ\DVDOLúOHP iksel t s i t a t İs EDúODWÕOPDVÕJHUHNWL0F,QW\UH¶ÕQLVWDWLVWLNOHULQ maca r ı d n a NXVXUOXROGX÷XQXJ|VWHUPHVLLoLQELUNDoJQ\HWWL K VWHOLN|\OHNXVXUOX\GXODUNLUDVWJHOHYHULOHU \NOHVHQL]ELOHRQGHIDGDQGRNX]XQGDD\QÕKRNH\ VRSDVÕúHNOLQLUHWHELOL\RUGXQX]$\UÕFD0DQQ GDKLOHWWL÷LQLV|\OHGL÷LED]ÕD÷DoKDONDODUÕQÕGÕúDUÕGD EÕUDNPÕúWÕùD\HWELULVLKLVVHVHQHWOHULQHLOLúNLQELU SURVSHNWVWHE|\OHELUJUDILN\DSVD\GÕKDSVHDWÕOÕUGÕ ùDúNÕQOÕNYHULFLDPDNature G]HOWPH\L\D\ÕPODPD\Õ UHGGHWWL']HOWPHEDúNDELU\HUGH\D\ÕPODQGÕYH LVWDWLVWLNX]PDQODUÕQGDQROXúDQED÷ÕPVÕ]ELU NRPLWHQLQKD]ÕUODGÕ÷Õ:HJPDQ5DSRUX¶QFDGHVWHNOHQGL ¶GD0F,QW\UH%ULIID¶QÕQ+RNH\6RSDVÕ¶QDGD D\QÕVÕQÕ\DSWÕ9HULOHULLVWH\LSo\ÕOEHNOHGLNWHQ VRQUDEXJUDIL÷LQGHWHPHOVL]ROGX÷XQXJQÕúÕ÷ÕQD oÕNDUPDVÕVDGHFHoJQQDOGÕ%ULIID¶GDQ EHULDOGÕ÷Õ|UQHNOHPLQVDGHFHDGHWD÷DFÕ LoHUGL÷LQLYHRWHNELUDQRUPDOD÷DFÕQJUDIL÷LDGHWD G|QúWUG÷QGRNX]\ÕOER\XQFDJL]OHPLúWL 0F,QW\UH5XV\D¶QÕQD\QÕE|OJHVLQGHQD÷DFÕ GDKDJUDIL÷HGDKLOHWWL÷LQGH+RNH\6RSDVÕ\RNWX 0DQQ·×Q+RNH\6RSDV×5DVWJHOHYHULOHU \NOHVHQL]ELOHo×OJ×QELU\NVHOLĂHOGH HGHELOL\RUVXQX] Bir al rm ano ç ağa %ULIID·Q×Q+RNH\6RSDV×GLN\NVHOLĂ HÿULVLQGHKHPHQKLoDÿDoLoHUPL\RUGX .D\QDNODU0F,QW\UH0F.LWULFNYH0DQQHWDO%ULIIDFOLPDWHDXGLWFRP·GD0F,QW\UH·×RNXPDNLoLQ EN]´&OLPDWH*DWHµ 8 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, joannenova.com.au .. .t ü m b u a r a ş t ır m a la r ı in k a r e d iy o r la r 2UWDoDÿ·GDGQ\DQ×QGDKDV×FDNROGXÿXDo×NW×U 'Q\DQÕQG|UWELU\DQÕQGDELUELULDUGÕQDDUDúWÕUPDODUÕQ2UWDoD÷LOHEXJQQVÕFDNOÕNEDNÕPÕQGDQ NDUúÕODúWÕUPDVÕQÕ\DSWÕNODUÕQGDHOGHHWWLNOHULVRQXoODUKDULWDGDLúDUHWOHQPLúWLU%XDUDúWÕUPDODUEX] oHNLUGHNOHULLVWDODJPLWOHUo|NHOWLOHUYHL]RWRSODU NXOODQÕODUDN\UWOPHNWHGLU+DYDVÕFDNOÕNODUÕQÕQ ĀNOLPPRGHOOHUL\×O|QFH &¶GHQGDKD\NVHNROGX÷XGQ\DQÕQG|UW KDYDQ×QQHGHQGDKDV×FDN ELU\DQÕQGDNLVRQGDMNX\XVXQDGDLUD\QÕ ILNULSD\ODúPDNWDGÕUODU ROGXÿXQXELOPL\RU ùSKHFLELOLPLQVDQODUÕQÕQHOLQGHDEDUWÕVÕ] \]OHUFH|UQHNOHPPHYFXWWXUùSKHFLOLNWHQ \RNVXQELOLPLQVDQODUÕQÕQHOLQGH<DPDO¶GDNL WHNELUD÷DoPHYFXWWXUYHELUGHELUNDoNXVXUOX EULVWOHFRQHoDPÕ« +HSVLGHFUHWOLELUVDKWHNDUOÕNWÕ 0RGHOOHU\DQ×O×\RU ´8]PDQLQFHOHPHVLµGL\HDQ×ODQĂH\ DQODPV×]G×U,3&&UDSRUODU×Q×X]PDQ×Q LQFHOHGLÿLQLV|\O\RUDPDEL]]DW´X]PDQODUµ \×O×QGDGD\DQDNWDQ\RNVXQ+RNH\6RSDV× JUDILÿLQLORJRODU×\DSW×ODU .D\QDNODU/RHKOH+DXQJYH3ROODFNKDULWDGDNLWXUXQFXUHQNOLQRNWDODU×QKHUELULLOHX\XPOXELOLUNLĂLWDUDI×QGDQ J|]GHQJHoLULOPLĂGLÿHUDUDĂW×UPDODULoLQEN]FRVFLHQFHRUJ © Joanne Nova 2009 9 C lima .UHVHOV×FDNO×NND\×WODU×ND\×S %LOLPL\R]ODúWÕUGÕODU teGat e! ā2.*(/Āā0(.DV×P6DKWHNDUO×NGDQ×Ă×NO×G|YĂYH\R]ODĂPDEHOJHOHQGL (DVW$QJOLDhQLYHUVLWHVLøNOLP$UDúWÕUPD%LULPL¶QLQELOJLVD\DUODUÕQGDQVÕ]GÕUÕODQYH\D EXELOJLVD\DUODUGDQKDFNOHQHQHSRVWDODUNLPLELOLPLQVDQODUÕQÕQ\DVDOLIúDJHUHNOHULQL \HULQHJHWLUPHNDPDFÕ\ODYHULVD÷ODPDN\HULQHEXYHULOHULVLOGL÷LQLJ|VWHUL\RU%X ELOLPLQVDQODUÕVÕFDNOÕNODUGDNL³Gúú´JL]OHPHNDPDFÕ\ODVRQXoODUODR\QDPÕúODU%X ELOLPLQVDQODUÕúSKHFLWDYÕUOÕPDWHU\DOOHU\D\ÕPOD\DQELOLPGHUJLOHULQLNDUDOLVWH\HDOÕS ER\NRWHWPHNOHNDOPD\ÕSúSKHFLELOLPLQVDQODUÕQÕSURIHV\RQHONXUXPODUGDQ X]DNODúWÕUPDNDPDFÕ\ODoHúLWOLGRODSODUoHYLUL\RUODU ùLUNHWPXKDVHEHFLOHULLoLQIDWXUDQH\VHELOLP LQVDQODUÕLoLQGHYHULRGXU2OXSELWHQOHULQND\GÕGÕU YHUL%XQDNDUúÕQSHNoRNLNOLPDUDúWÕUPDFÕVÕ YHULOHULQLJL]OHPHNWHYHEXYHULOHULSD\ODúPDODUÕQD \|QHOLNLVWHNOHULGHIDODUFDJHULoHYLUPHNWHGLU (DVW$QJOLDhQLYHUVLWHVLøNOLP$UDúWÕUPD %LULPL¶QGHQ3KLO-RQHVSHNoRNULFD\DUD÷PHQ YHULVXQPD\ÕUHGGHWPLúWLU%HQEXUHGGHWPH \DQÕWODUÕQGDQELULQGH³YHUL´V|]F÷QQ\HULQH ³IDWXUD´V|]F÷QNR\GXPEXQXQGÕúÕQGD DúD÷ÕGDNLJHUoHNELUDOÕQWÕGÕU-RQHV¶XQYHUJL GDLUHVLPGUO÷LOHNRQXúWX÷XQXYDUVD\DOÕP “Biz bu çalışmaya 25 küsur yılımızı verdik. Amacınız çalışmada hata bulmak iken neden [faturaları] kullanımınıza sunayım ki.” Bu sözleri Enron’un muhasebecileri VDUIHWVH\GLKDSVHDWÕOÕUODUGÕ %LOLPLQWHPHOSUHQVLSOHULQGHQELULELUELOGLUL \D\ÕPODQGÕ÷ÕQGDKDPYHULOHU\|QWHPOHUYH LOJLOLELOJLOHULQJHQHONXOODQÕPDVXQXOPDVÕGÕU E|\OHFHoDOÕúPD\Õ\LQHOH\LSRQD\ODPDNLVWH\HQ KHUNHVNRQWUROHGHELOLU7PKDWÕUÕVD\ÕOÕUELOLP GHUJLOHULQLQNDUDNWHULQHLúOHPLúELUúH\GLUEX DPDQHWXKDIWÕUNRQXLNOLPDUDúWÕUPDODUÕ ROGX÷XQGDSHNoR÷XEXSUHQVLELX\JXODPÕ\RU 'DKDGDJDULELVRQXoODUÕNLPVHQLQNRQWURO HGHPHPHVLQL,3&&GH|QHPVHUJ|UQP\RU 1HGH$O*RUHEXGXUXPGDQúLND\HWHGL\RU 6WHYH0F,QW\UH\ÕOÕQGDQEHUL(DVW$QJOLD hQLYHUVLWHVLøNOLP$UDúWÕUPDODUÕ%LULPL¶QGHQJOREDO YHULLVWHPHNWH%DúNDDUDúWÕUPDFÕODUDYHULVD÷ODGÕODU DPD0F,QW\UH¶Õ³DNDGHPLV\HQROPDGÕ÷Õ´JHUHNoHVL\OH JHULoHYLUGLOHU%|\OHFH6WHYHGHDNDGHPLV\HQELU PHVOHNWDúÕQDVRUGXUWWXDPDELUNH]GDKDUHGGHGLOGLOHU EXNH]JHUHNoH³JL]OLWLFDUHW´LGLYHV|]OHúPHOHULQLKODOL DQODPÕQDJHOHFHNWL%XQXQDUGÕQGDQ6WHYHLOHPHVOHNWDúÕ V|]OHúPHOHULJ|UPHN]HUH\DVDOLúOHPEDúODWWÕODUDPD ELUNDoV|]OHúPHGÕúÕQGDEXQODUGDND\ÕSWÕBahanenin de ELUVÕQÕUÕYDU Daha da kötüsü olabilir miydi? Evet RODELOLUGLYHROGXGD*|UQúHEDNÕOÕUVD LNOLPYHULOHULQHLOLúNLQtüm orijinal global ND\ÕWODU\RNROPXú³ND\EROPXú´ GXUXPGD(DVW$QJOLDhQLYHUVLWHVLøNOLP $UDúWÕUPD%LULPL¶QLQWHNVD÷OD\DELOGL÷L ³G]HOWLOPLú´YHULOHU %LOLPDGHWDV|PUOPH\HGDYHWL\Ho×NDU×\RU <DVDODU×P×]\DW×U×PF×ODU×ĂLUNHWGQ\DV×WDUDI×QGDQ DOGDW×OPDNWDQNRUX\RUDPDELOLPLQ\DVDODU×LoLQ SROLV\RNĀĂGQ\DV×QGDEXLGGLDODUNLPVHQLQ \DQ×QDNDUNDOPD]DPDVL\DVHWGQ\DV×QGD NLPVHQLQGRÿUXOD\DPDG×ÿ×YH\DGHQHWOH\HPHGLÿL YHULOHUHGD\DQDUDNNRVNRFDXOXVDOHNRQRPLOHUL G|QĂWUPH\HNDON×Ă×\RUX] Bunlar kamuya ait YHULOHUGLU 2QODULVHNDPXoDOÕúDQÕ Kamu biziz %XELUVNDQGDO Kaynak: Climate Audit. Warwick Hughes. Patrick Michaels (National Review Online Eylül 2009). 10 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, joannenova.com.au +HUĂH\HNDGLU%LUOHĂPLĂ0LOOHWOHU.RPLWHVL VHoLOPLĂKNPHWLQL]LQ\|QHWLPLQHHONR\X\RU Tek bir komitenin hükmüne dayanarak WRS\HNQHNRQRPLOHUG|QúWUO\RU &HQHYUH¶GHNLEX%LUOHúPLú0LOOHWOHU.RPLWHVLLQVDQND\QDNOÕ NDUERQ\D\ÕOÕPODUÕQGDQGR÷DFDNKDVDUULVNLQLGH÷HUOHQGLUPHN ]HUHNXUXOPXúWX$\QÕ]DPDQGDbu KDVDUÕQQHNDGDUE\N RODFD÷ÕQÕYHRQXQODQHúHNLOGHEDúHWPHPL]JHUHNWL÷LQLo|]PHNOH J|UHYOHQGLULOGLOHU%XGXUXPGDDoÕNWÕUNLULVN\RNVDNRPLWH\H LKWL\DoGD\RN.DQÕWODUQH\LJ|VWHULUVHJ|VWHUVLQEHGDYDJH]L PHUDNOÕVÕ,3&&PXKWHPHOHQ³.DUERQE\NELUWHKGLW ROXúWXUPX\RU0DOLND\QDNLoLQWHúHNNUHGHUL]´GL\HQELUEDVÕQ ELOGLULVL\D\ÕQODPD\DFDNWÕU+HSVL\HQLLúDUDPDN]RUXQGDNDOÕUGÕ 3D]DUODPD\DSDUNHQELQOHUFHELOLPLQVDQÕQÕQVUHFHGDKLO ROGX÷XQXLGGLDHGL\RUODU2\VDJHUoHNWH%|OP'RNX]¶X ³NDQÕW´DLOLúNLQHQNULWLNE|OPKDNLNDWHQRNX\XSNRQWURO HGHQDQFDNNLúLQLQDGÕQÕYHUHELOL\RUODU%XNLúLQLQELUoR÷X LVHNHQGLoDOÕúPDVÕQÕGH÷HUOHQGLUL\RUGXYHHNVLNOLNOHULLúDUHW HWPHOHULSHNRODVÕGH÷LOGLUSHNoR÷XQXQELUWDNÕPoÕNDUODUÕ YDUGÕYHELUNÕVPÕGDVRQXoODUDNDWÕOPÕ\RUGX IPCC seçilerek JHOPHPLúGHQHWLPGHQ JHoPH\HQELUNRPLWHGLU +HUKDQJLELUED÷ÕPVÕ] XOXVQHGHQEX NRPLWH\HHNRQRPLVL ]HULQGHVRUJXVX] VXDOVL]ELUNRQWUROKDNNÕ YHUVLQNL" 'Q\DHNRQRPLVLQLQED÷OÕROGX÷XúH\LúWHEXGXU<DOQÕ]FDWHN ELUED÷ÕPVÕ]ELOLPLQVDQÕJHUoHNWHQ|QHPWDúÕ\DQELOLPHDoÕN GHVWH÷LQLEH\DQHWPLúWLU 8OXVODUONHHNRQRPLOHULQLGHQHWOHPHN LoLQED÷ÕPVÕ]NRPLWHOHUNXUPXú GXUXPGDODUDPDELOLPLoLQ D\QÕVÕ\DSÕOPÕ\RU%X NRPLWHQLQVRUJXODQDPD] QLWHOLNWHROGX÷XQX YDUVD\Õ\RUODU ³)LNLUELUOL÷L´LGGLDVÕWHRULN ROPD\DQNDQÕW\RNVXQOX÷XQX WHODILHWPHDPDoOÕELUKDONOD LOLúNLOHUoL]JLVLGLU%LQOHUFHELOLP LQVDQÕNDUERQGLRNVLWLQIHODNHWH \RODoDFDNKLoELUULVNEDUÕQGÕU PDGÕ÷ÕQÕ|]HOOLNOHEHOLUWHQELU GLOHNoHLP]DODPÕúWÕU$PDQHIHVOHUL WXWXSPHG\D\DGD,3&&¶QLQEXQX VL]HV|\OHPHVLQLEHNOHPH\LQ³)LNLU ELUOL÷L´EDúWDQVRQDVDKWHELULGGLDGÕU )LNLUELUOLÿL\RNKLoELU ]DPDQROPDG×YH ROVD\G×ELOHEXELU ĂH\LNDQ×WODPD] .D\QDNODU86(3:6HQDWR$]×QO×N5DSRUX'LOHNoH3URMHVL-RKQ0F/HDQ7KH,3&&&DQ·WFRXQW633, YH3HHU5HYLHZ:KDW3HHU5HYLHZ633, © Joanne Nova 2009 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, 11 %DVLW$G×PGD.UL]*UDILÿL2OXĂWXUPD ,3&&¶QLQEDúOÕFDDUJPDQODUÕQGDQELUL|]QGHúXGXU VÕFDNOÕNGH÷LúLPOHULQLNDUERQ]RUODPDODUÕQGDQEDúND ELUúHNLOGHDoÕNOD\DPÕ\RUX]%XQDELUGH\DNÕQ]DPDQOÕ ÕVÕQPDQÕQWPQGHQNDUERQXQVRUXPOXROGX÷XQDGDLU NDQÕWPÕúJLELJ|VWHULOHQSHPEHOLPDYLOLHWNLOH\LFL JUDILNOHUHúOLNHGL\RU %XNLPVHGR÷UXROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕLVSDWODPDGÕ÷ÕQDJ|UH LGGLDHGLOHQGR÷UXGXUYDUVD\ÕPÕ²|]QGHúXQX V|\O\RUODU6|]NRQXVXÕVÕQPD\DEDúNDQH\LQ\RO DoPÕúRODELOHFH÷LQLELOPL\RUX]|\OH\VHNDUERQROPDOÕ %XNXVXUOXELUYDUVD\ÕPGÕU 4 5 (WNLOH\LFLJUDILNOHUROXúWXUPDNNROD\GÕU|]HOOLNOHGL÷HU RODVÕQHGHQOHUL|UQH÷LQEXOXW|UWVQGHNLYHJQHúLQ PDQ\HWLNHWNLOHULQGHNLGH÷LúLPOHULELOHUHNJ|UPH]GHQ JHOL\RUVDQÕ] 6 1 2 3 Voila! %XúHNLOGH\DQLHOLQL]GHKDOLKD]ÕUGDYDURODQYHULOHUL NXOODQPDNYHELOLQPH\HQLGHNDEDFDWDKPLQHGLYHUPHN VXUHWL\OHPRGHOOHULQL]KDWDVÕ]PÕú9(VHEHSNDUERQPXú J|UQWVYHUHELOLUVLQL]0RGHOOHPHX]PDQODUÕWDELLNL JHUoHNNDUERQG]H\OHULYHIL]LNVHOKHVDSODPDODU NXOODQÕ\RUQHYDUNLÕVÕQPDGDQNDUERQXQVRUXPOX ROGX÷XELUYDUVD\ÕP. 'ROD\×V×\ODEXELUG|QJVHOPXKDNHPH|UQHÿLGLU 6RUXQXQNDUERQROGXÿXQDNDUDUYHULQEXJUDILNWH NDUERQXQ´HWNLVLQLµJ|UQVRUXQNDUERQGDROPDO× GL\HLODQHGLQYHVHYLQLQPRGHOOHUEL]LONLQKDQJL ELOJLOHULJLUGL\VHNRQX\DUDW×U0XFL]H %LUD]ID]ODNROD\YHVL\DVHWoLOHUGHEXQDDOGDQÕ\RU $UGÕQGDQGDKDoRN³PRGHOOHPH´\DSDOÕPGL\HGDKD oRNSDUDYHUL\RUODUEL]H 12 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, joannenova.com.au ĀPGDW.LPLQKDNO×ROGXÿXQXQHUHGHQELOHFHÿLP" %LUELOLPLQVDQÕQÕELOLPLQVDQÕROPD\DQELULQGHQQDVÕOD\ÕUÕUVÕQÕ]"%LOLPQHUHGHVRQODQÕUYHSURSDJDQGD SROLWLNDYHJ|UúQHUHGHEDúODU"6DGHFHWHNELUúH\LELOPHQL]\HWHUOL %XVDSLOHVDPDQÕELUELULQGHQDQÕQGDD\ÕUÕU øQVDQODUDKDNDUHWHGHUHN\DGDYHULJL]OH\HUHNGR÷DO GQ\D\DGDLUKHUKDQJLELUúH\|÷UHQHPH\L]gOoPOHUL NLPLJ|UúOHULQOHKLQHRODFDNúHNLOGHo|SHDWDUDN KHUKDQJLELUúH\|÷UHQHPH\L]7DUWÕúPDODUÕEDVWÕUDUDN KDQJLDUDúWÕUPDODUÕQKHVDEDNDWÕODFD÷Õ\DGDNLPOHULQ NRQXúPD\D³HKOL\HWOL´ROGX÷XNRQXVXQGDG]PHFH NXUDOODUNR\DUDNGD|÷UHQHPH\L]7PJ|UúOHUHDoÕN RODQúHIIDIUHNDEHWHGD\DOÕELUVLVWHP LQVDQOÕ÷ÕLOHUOHWPHQLQHQKÕ]OÕ \ROXGXU.UDOL\HW%LOLP $NDGHPLVLGQ\DQÕQ HQHVNLELOLPVHO WRSOXOX÷XGXU øONHVLGH|]QGHKimsenin Sözüne Güvenmemek¶WLU %LUGL÷HUGH\LúOHKLoELUúH\LYDUVD\PDYHULOHUHEDN %LUWHRUL\HX\PD\DQVRQXoODUoÕNWÕ÷ÕQGDELOLPLQVDQODUÕ RWHRULOHULQLo|SHDWDU%LOLPLQVDQÕWDYUÕQGDROPD\DQ ELULQLQ³LQDQFÕ´YDUGÕURQODUWHRULOHULQLQGR÷UX ROGX÷XQD³LQDQÕU´\DGD|\OHvarsayar YH|OoPOHULQL X\GXUPD\DoDOÕúÕUODUgOoPOHUIDUNOÕELUúH\RUWD\D NR\GX÷XQGDEXVHYLPVL]KDEHULJ|UPH]GHQJHOLUYH YHULOHUL³G]HOWLU´\DQLLVWDWLVWLNRODUDN GH÷LúWLULUOHU±DPDEXQXGDLPD NHQGLWHRULOHULQLFDQOÕ WXWDFDN\|QGH \DSDUODU ,PCC çok yaúa! Şüpheci Bilim İnsanı Şüpheci Olmayan Bilim İnsanı %LU%LOLPøQVDQÕ %LOLPøQVDQÕ7DYUÕQGD2OPD\DQ%LUL *|]OHPOHULJ|UĂOHULQ]HULQGHWXWDU '|QJVHOPXKDNHPHNXOODQ×U $N×OYHPDQW×NNXUDOODU×Q×LKODOHWPH] %LOLUNLĂLOHULQJ|UĂOHULQLNXOODQ×U 6RUXODUD\DQ×WYHULU +DEHULROPDG×ÿ×Q×|QHVUHU 7PYHULOHULQLWP\|QWHPOHULQLGLÿHU āDKVD\|QHOLNVDOG×U×\DEDĂYXUXU ĂDK×VODU×QGHQH\L\LQHOH\HELOPHNLoLQ 9HULOHULQLJL]OHU\DGDND\EHGHU JHUHNVLQLPGX\GXNODU×KHUĂH\LSD\ODĂ×U 9HULOHULWHRUL\HX\DFDNĂHNLOGHGHÿLĂWLULU <DUG×PVHYHUGLU 0]DNHUH\DSPD]VRUXODUD\DQ×WYHUPH] .LEDUG×U <×OG×UPD\DoDO×Ă×UWHKGLWHGHUKDNDUHWHGHU .HQGLWHRULVLQLQH\LQ\DQO×ĂOD\DFDÿ×Q×Do×NOD\DELOLU ĀQVDQODUFDNXUXOPXĂNXUXPODU×LGROOHĂWLULU 7HRULVLQLJHUoHNOHUHX\DFDNĂHNLOGHG]HOWLU 6LVWHPOHUHNRPLWHOHUH\DGDELOLUNLĂLOHUH ´LQDQoµEHVOHU ,3&&oRN\DĂD © Joanne Nova 2009 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, 13 *HUoHNLQNDUF×\×EXOXQ %LULQNDUFÕLQVDQODUÕQNDQÕWKDNNÕQGDNRQXúPDVÕQÕHQJHOOHPHNLoLQSHNoRNWDNWL÷HEDúYXUXU %XUDGDNLJHUoHNLQNDUFÕODUVDKWHELUNUL]LNDEXOHWWLUPH\HoDOÕúDQODUGÕU 7DUWÕúPD\ÕGXUGXUPDNLoLQ *HUoHNLQNDUFÕODUELUúH\LQ WDUWÕúÕOPDVÕLoLQELOLUNLúLQLQ J|]GHQJHoLUPHVLJHUHNWL÷LQL LGGLDHGHUOHU*DOLOHRYH (LQVWHLQ\DQGÕGHVHQL]H%X HQKDILILQGHQúXDQGD J|]P]Q|QQGHRODQ VRQXoODUÕWDUWÕúPDNWDQVD WDUWÕúPD\ÕELU\ÕODGHN\DYDúODWÕU *HUoHNLQNDUFÕODUKHUKDQJLELU úH\LQDQFDNVHUWLILNDOÕELU LNOLPELOLPFLGHQJHOGL÷L PGGHWoH³GLNNDWHGH÷HU´ VD\ÕODFD÷ÕQÕLGGLDHGHU.XVXU NXVXUGXUNLPLQLúDUHWHWWL÷L |QHPOLGH÷LOGLU ùD\HWELOLUNLúLJ|]GHQJHoLUPLú LVHLQNDUFÕODUEXNH]GHEHOLUOL GHUJLOHUGHQJHOGL÷LPGGHWoH GLNNDWHGH÷HUVD\ÕODFD÷ÕQÕLGGLD HGHUOHU+HUKDQJLELUGHUJLGH \D\ÕQODQPÕúKHUKDQJLELUúH\GHQ ED÷ÕPVÕ]RODUDNLNOLP1(LVH 2'85 %LOLPLQVDQODUÕGR÷DNDQXQODUÕQD R\YHUPH]%LOLPELUGHPRNUDVL GH÷LOGLU %LUúH\LQGR÷UXRODPD\DFD÷ÕQÕ LGGLDHGHUOHUQHGHQLLVHELQOHUFH 7PGL÷HUoDUHOHUWNHQLQFH ELOLPVHOELOGLULLOHD\QÕILNUL LQVDQODUDDGWDNDUODUøQNDUFÕ SD\ODúPÕ\RURODFD÷ÕGÕU$OD\ (UWHOHPHPHUDNOÕVÕ$QWL$NWLYLVW HGLSJOHUOHUDPDKLoELUNDQÕW %XWDúGHYULPXKDNHPHVLGLU VXQPD]ODU7HNELUELOLPVHO ELOGLULELOHVXQPD]ODU *HUoHNELUNXVXUEXODPDGÕNODUÕQGD $UGÕQGDQGDV|]NRQXVXRODQÕQ ³IRQODUD´EDNDUODU*HUoHNELOLP WHNELUELOLPVHOELOGLULGH÷LOELU LQVDQODUÕGR÷D\ÕDUDúWÕUÕU6DKWHOHUL ³oDOÕúPDODUWRSODPÕ´ROGX÷XQX JRRJOH¶GDGHGLNRGXDUDU LGGLDHGHUOHU%XGDQRNWDLOH oHOLúLU *HUoHNLQNDUFÕODUDUDoODUÕQGR÷UX\X V|\OHGL÷LQLLQNDUHGHUOHU+D\ÕU *HUoHNLQNDUFÕODUELU³ILNLU 7DNOLWOHULJHUoHNOLNWHQGDKD ELUOL÷L´EXOXQGX÷XLoLQ JHUoHNWLU0RGHOOHUHJYHQLQ WDUWÕúPDQÕQ\DQOÕúROPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷LQLLGGLDHGHUOHU .DQÕWWDQQDVÕOGDKLoV|] 7PPXKDOLIOHULKDSLVOHWHKGLW HWPHGLNOHULQLJ|U\RUPXVXQX]" HGHUOHUøNOLP6XoOXODUÕ 14 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, çǡ ÇÇ ǡ ò ç Ç çǤ YºÇÇ ÇÇç denetimi ÇǤ joannenova.com.au +HUKDONDUGDKDUHNHWHJHoPHQLQQH]DUDU×YDU Enerji tasarrufu yapmak veya kirliliği durdurmak iyi bir şeydir. Şimdi harekete geçmenin ne gibi bir tehlikesi olabilir? ³+DYDGDQ´úH\OHU]HULQHWHPHOOHQPLúWRS\HNQELU ILQDQVDOEURNUDWLNVLVWHPNXUPDGDQGDHQHUMLWDVDUUXIX \DSDELOLUYHJHUoHNNLUOLOL÷LGXUGXUDELOLUL]%DúWDQVRQD JHUHNVL]WLFDUHWVLVWHPLILQDQVNXUWODUÕQDGDKDoRNSDUD YHJoVD÷ODPDNWDGÕU(PH÷LPL]LERúDKDUFÕ\RUYH G]HQED]ODUÕWHúYLNHGL\RUX]'RODQGÕUÕFÕOÕ÷Õ |GOOHQGLUL\RUYH\R]ODúPD\ÕEHVOL\RUX] *HUoHNúH\OHULDOÕSVDWWÕ÷ÕPÕ]GDKLOH\DSDQODUNROD\FD \DNDODQÕU<DSWÕNODUÕ\DQODUÕQDX]XQVUHNDUNDOPD] 1HNLDQODPVÕ]KDYDSHUPLOHULQLQV|]GHGQ\DVÕQGD KLOHNDUOÕ÷ÕQWHNVÕQÕUÕ³\DQODUÕQDNDUNDODQQH\VHRGXU´ gUQH÷LQ+LGURHQHUMLUHWLPLDPDoOÕEDUDMODULQúD HWPHVLLoLQdLQ¶H|GHQHQNDUERQNUHGLOHUL QLKD\HWLQGHEDQNHUOHULQ\DWDOPDVÕQDYHdLQ¶GHNL PDI\D\ÕEHVOHPH\H\DUÕ\RU(YVDKLSOHULQL WDKOL\HHWWLUL\RUEXLQVDQODUDWD]PLQDW|GHPL\RU YHRQODUÕHYVL]OL÷H\DGDLSRWHNOHUYDVÕWDVÕ\OD EDQNHUOHULQN|OHVLROPD\DPDKNPHGL\RUODU 0DNVDWVÕ]ELUSODQÕL]OHPHNLoLQELQOHUFHPXKDVHEHFL DYXNDWYHGHQHWoLWXWX\RUVDNEXQXQDQODPÕWPEX GUVWYHoDOÕúNDQLQVDQODUÕQKHUNHVLQ]DPDQYH ND\QDNODUÕQÕ]L\DQHWPHVLGLU.DQVHUHoDUHEXOX\RU \DGD+DLWL¶GHNLoRFXNODUÕEHVOL\RURODELOLUOHUGL %XUDGDNLoRFXNODUDDNÕOYHPDQWÕ÷ÕNXOODQPD\Õ |÷UHWHELOLUELUVRQUDNLNXúD÷ÕQPLO\DUODUÕ\DSD\ NRUNXODUDKHEDHWPHVLQLHQJHOOHPH\H\DUGÕPFÕ RODELOLUOHUGL (OEHWWHID\GDOÕVRQXoODUGDRUWD\DoÕNDELOLU 1HYDUNLúDQVÕPÕ]ÕQ\DYHUHGHFH÷LQLXPPDN “planlama” GH÷LOGLU%XDQFDNHVND]D SROLWLNDGÕU6|]JHOLPLúD\HWJQHúHQHUMLVL EDúOÕEDúÕQDL\LELUILNLUVHLQVDQODUÕGDKDID]OD JQHúHQHUMLVLNXOODQPD\D]RUODPDNLoLQVDKWH JHUHNoHOHULFDWHWPHN]RUXQGDGH÷LOL] 0HVHODJQHúHQHUMLVLQHJHoLúLWHúYLNHWPHN LoLQDNDU\DNÕWÕ\DGDGR÷DOJD]ÕYHUJL\H ED÷OD\ÕSGDKDD]YHULPOLHQHUMLND\QDNODUÕQÕ VEYDQVHHGHELOLUL]«DPDGR÷UX\DEXQX ]DWHQ\DSÕ\RUX] *HUoHNEHGHOoR÷X]DPDQJ|UQPH]RODUDN NDOÕ\RU*HUoHNEHGHO\DSDELOHFH÷LPL]DPD \DSPD\DFD÷ÕPÕ]WPúH\OHUGLU.DUERQ VHNHVWUDV\RQXQDKDUFDQDQPLO\DU GRODUVDGHFH³SDUD´GDQLEDUHWGH÷LOGLU WHGDYLHGLOPH\LSN|UROPXú PLO\RQNLúLYHWHPL]VX\D HULúLPLROPD\DQELUGL÷HUPLO\RQNLúL GHPHNWLU±EXNLúLOHULQED]ÕODUÕNROHUDYH\D GL]DQWHUL\]QGHQKD\DWÕQÕND\EHGHFHNWLU © Joanne Nova 2009 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, 15 %LOLPNDUĂ×W×]RUEDODU×XWDQG×U×Q +LoúSKH\RN=RUEDOÕN\ÕOGÕUPDYHKDNDUHWOHUELOLPLQ DQWLWH]LYHPHGHQL|]JULQVDQODUÕQGúPDQÕGÕU ùSKHFLOHUL\LNLYDUODU]RUEDODUDbilim ile\DQÕW YHUPH\HoDOÕúWÕODU=RUEDOÕ÷ÕGXUGXUPDNLoLQ]RUEDOÕ÷ÕQ WHúKLUHGLOPHVLJHUHNOLGLU%X]RUEDOÕNHQ\NVHN NDGHPHOHUHKDWWDEDúEDNDQODUDGHNXODúPÕúWÕU%XLONHO DUJPDQELoLPLEL]LWDúGHYULQHJHULVUNOHPHNWHGLU $IIHGLOLUELUúH\GH÷LOGLU ùDKVD\|QHOLNVDOGÕUÕODUÕQSDUODPHQWRGDGLOHJHWLULOPHVL UHVPLJ|UHYOLOHUFHWHúYLNHGLOPHVLYH\DELOLPLQVDQODUÕQFD NXOODQÕOPDVÕLoLQELUQHGHQ\RNWXU øQVDQND\QDNOÕNUHVHOÕVÕQPDQÕQNDQÕWODUÕSDUDPSDUoD ELUKDODOGÕNoDPDNXOJ|UúOHUGH\HULQLEO|IYHNXUX JUOW\HEÕUDNPÕúWÕU 2QODU×QWHPHOJF]RUEDO×NW×U=RUEDO×ÿ×DO×Q WX]ODEX]ROXUODU .LEDUWDUWÕúPDODUGDÕVUDUFÕROPDQÕQYHKDNDUHWOHU LoLQ|]UWDOHSHWPHQLQ]DPDQÕJHOPLúWLU2QODUÕ LGGLDODUÕQÕGHVWHNOHPH\H]RUOD\ÕQ .XUXJUOW\WHúKLUHWPHQLQ]DPDQÕJHOPLúWLU2 HVUDUHQJL]ELOGLULQLQDGÕQÕYHUPHOHULQLYHDoÕNODPDODUÕQÕ LVWH\LQKDQLNDUERQGLRNVLWLQE\NELUÕVÕQPD\DVHEHS ROGX÷XQDLOLúNLQWHRULNROPD\DQNDQÕWODULoHUHQELOGLUL\L .oNGH÷LOE\NELUÕVÕQPDVWHOLNGHELOJLVD\DU VLPODV\RQXLOHGH÷LOWHRULNROPD\DQ\DQLJ|]OHPHGD\DOÕ RODUDN,3&&¶QLQ\DGDKHUKDQJLELUGL÷HUNRPLWHQLQ E|\OHELUNDQÕWEXOGX÷XJYHQFHVL\OH\HWLQPH\LQ %LUOLNWHQNXYYHWGR÷DU%LUoQFWDUDIVDYXQPDVÕ ]RUEDODUÕGXUGXUDELOLU+HUKDQJLELUúSKHFL\H\DGD VDGHFHPDQWÕNOÕNDQÕWODULVWH\HQND\JÕOÕ\XUWWDúODUD \DUGÕPHWPHNLoLQVHVLQL]LoÕNDUÕQ.LúLVHOKDNDUHWL WDQÕPDNLoLQELOLPLQVDQÕROPDQÕ]DJHUHN\RN6XVPD\ÕQ =RUEDO×NNROD\N×U×O×UELUĂH\GLU &LODELUNH]oL]LOGLPLVDKWH FHVDUHWJ|VWHULVLo|NHU Sİz saygı talep etmeden, onları utandırıp gerİ çekİlmeye zorlamadan sİze saygı göstermeyeceklerdİr. Söz konusu olan kamuya açık bİr tartışma İse ya da zorbalık ve kaba şİddete başvuran kİşİ resmİ bİr görevlİyse, sİzİn bİr şeyİ İnkar ettİğİnİzİ göstermek ya da sİze aşağılayıcı bİr İsİm taktığı İçİn özür dİlemek zorundadır. İklim kisvesi çöktü çökecektir. 16 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, joannenova.com.au .DUERQGLRNVLW.DKYDOW×GD\L\LQ *QHúCO2 =GIDA %LU\DSUD÷DEDNÕQoLoH÷HWDKÕOWDQHVLQH *|UG÷Q]úH\LQ\DUÕVÕNDUERQGLRNVLWWHQ PWHúHNNLOGLU%LWNLOHUNDUERQGLRNVLWL KDYDGDQHPHU.DUERQGLRNVLWWDP DQODPÕ\ODgübredir.DUERQGLRNVLW DUWWÕ÷ÕQGDELWNLOHULQGDKDKÕ]OÕE\PHVL úDúÕUWÕFÕGH÷LOGLU'DKDVÕ NDUERQGLRNVLW\NVHNELU VHYL\H\HXODúWÕ÷ÕQGDELWNLOHU GDKDD]VX\DLKWL\DoGX\DU %XQHGHQOHID]ODGDQ&2 ELWNLOHULQNXUDNOÕ÷Õ DWODWPDVÕQD\DUGÕPFÕROXU %RVWDQFÕODUVHUDODUDID]ODGDQ &2SRPSDODPDNLoLQSDUDYHUPHNWHGLU %LWNLOHULVHEXQDED\ÕOÕU'Q\DoDSÕQGD HNLQJHOLúLPLQGH¶OLNELUDUWÕúLoLQ NDUERQGLRNVLWHWHúHNNUHGHELOLUL] 2UPDQODUGDGDKDKÕ]OÕJHOLúPHNWHGLU6RQ \ÕOGDGQ\D]HULQGHNLELWNLOHULQEL\RNWOHVL DUWPÕúWÕU)D]ODGDQNDUERQGLRNVLWKHU PHWUHNDUHOLNELWNLOHQPHGHJUDPÕQ]HULQGH ID]ODGDQ\HúLOOLNGHPHNWLU%XGQ\D\ÕEHVOHPH\H \DUGÕPFÕROXU %XJQúD\HWNDUERQGLRNVLW JHoHQ\]\ÕOGDDUWPDVD\GÕ hayatta olmayacak 500 PLO\RQNLúL\DúDPDNWDGÕU Biz karbon temelli bir \DúDPIRUPX\X] Kaynaklar: Nemani 2003, Kimball 1983 © Joanne Nova 2009 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, 17 %L]LNDUERQ×V×WPDG×\VDQH×V×WW×" *QHúOHNHOHULLOHLNOLPLPL]DUDVÕQGDELUED÷ODQWÕ ROGX÷X\ÕOGÕUELOLQL\RU\ÕOÕQGDJ|N ELOLPFL:LOOLDP+HUVFKHO¶LQELULNOLPPRGHOLQH JHUHNVLQLPL\RNWX:LOOLDP+HUVFKHO¶LQKHVDS PDNLQHVLELOH\RNWX²\LQHGHEX÷GD\IL\DWODUÕQÕQ JQHúOHNHVLG|QJVLOHX\XPOXRODUDN\NVHOLS GúW÷QJ|UHELOL\RUGX2JQGHQEXJQH\D÷Õú PLNWDUÕSDWHUQOHULQLQGHJQHúOHNHOHULLOHED÷ODQWÕOÕ ROGX÷XIDUNHGLOGL *QHúOHNHOHULWHNEDúÕQDEL]LPDoÕPÕ]GDQE\N ELUIDUN\DUDWPD]DPDJQHúLQPDQ\HWLNDODQÕQÕQ QHNDGDU]D\ÕIYH\DJoOROGX÷XQXQELU LúDUHWLGLUOHU*QHúLQEXGHYDVDPDQ\HWLNDODQÕ 'Q\DQÕQoHYUHVLQHX]DQÕUYHNR]PLNÕúÕQODUDNDUúÕ ELUNDONDQYD]LIHVLJ|UU'U+HQULN6YHQVPDUN DWPRVIHULPL]LQLoLQHGDKDID]ODPLNWDUGDNR]PLN ÕúÕQX]DQÕUVDEXQODUÕQPROHNOOHULL\RQODúWÕUPDN VXUHWL\OHGDKDID]ODEXOXW³WRKXPODQPDVÕQD´ \DUGÕPFÕRODFD÷ÕQÕRUWD\DDWPÕúWÕU ùDQVDEDNÕQEX\ÕOJQHúWHQHUHGH\VHKLoJQHú OHNHVL\RNR\VD\]\ÕOVRQXQXQE\NELU E|OPQGHJQHúLQPDQ\HWLNDODQÕDúÕUÕGHUHFHGH DNWLIWL%XWHRULKDNOÕ\VDDNWLIELUDODQGDKDD]EXOXWOX YHÕVÕQDQELUGQ\DDQODPÕQDJHOPHNWHGLU6DNLQELU JQHúLVHGDKDEXOXWOXYHVHULQELUGQ\DGHPHNWLU AGWúXúHNLOGH\DQÕWYHUPHNWHGLU/RFNZRRG YH)URKOLFKEXWHRULQLQ¶GHQVRQUD\NVHOHQ VÕFDNOÕNODULOHWXWDUOÕROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕJ|VWHUPLúWLU ùSKHFLOHUú|\OHV|\OHPHNWHGLU/RFNZRRGYH )URKOLFKDWPRVIHULNVÕFDNOÕNODUÕGH÷LO\]H\ VÕFDNOÕNODUÕQÕNXOODQPÕúWÕUEN]\XNDUÕGDNLJUDILN .R]PLNÕúÕQODUPHWHRURORMLEDORQODUÕQGDQDOÕQDQ VÕFDNOÕN|OoPOHULLOHL\LELUNRUHODV\RQJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU 1HYDUNL\]H\OHUH\HUOHúWLULOHQWHUPRPHWUHOHU DOÕFÕODUÕQ\DNÕQÕQGDEXOXQDQRWRSDUNYHKDYDODQGÕUPD FLKD]ÕJLEL|÷HOHUGHQHWNLOHQPHNWHGLU/RFNZRRGYH )URKOLFK¶LQWHNNDQÕWOD\DELOGL÷LNR]PLNÕúÕQODULOH KDYDODQGÕUPDFLKD]ODUÕDUDVÕQGDELUED÷ODQWÕROPDGÕ÷ÕGÕU AGWúXúHNLOGH\DQÕWYHUPHNWHGLU%XOXWODULOH NR]PLNÕúÕQODUDUDVÕQGDGDELUED÷ODQWÕ\RNWXU ùSKHFLOHUú|\OHV|\OHPHNWHGLU%XDQFDN\DQOÕúÕúÕQ WUOHULQHYH\DQOÕúEXOXWWUOHULQHEDNWÕ÷ÕQÕ]WDNGLUGH GR÷UXGXU<NVHNHQHUMLOLÕúÕQODULOHDOoDNEXOXWODU DUDVÕQGDL\LELUNRUHODV\RQPHYFXWWXU 6YHQVPDUN·×Q.R]PLN,Ă×N7HRULVL*QHĂLQPDQ\HWLN DODQ×Q×QGDKDJoOROPDV×GDKDD]NR]PLN×Ă×QYH GQ\D]HULQGHGDKDD]EXOXWDQODP×QDJHOPHNWHGLU .D\QDNODU6YHQVPDUN&ORXGVDQG&RVPLFUD\V 6YHQVPDUN 18 .R]PLN×Ă×QODULOHV×FDNO×NDUDV×QGDNL NRUHODV\RQtüm ]DPDQODUGDNDUERQLOH V×FDNO×NDUDV×QGDNLNRUHODV\RQGDQoRN GDKDL\LGLU ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, joannenova.com.au Karbon çok daha yüksek seviyelerde +DOLKD]×UGDNL&2 DUW×Ă×P×]OD\×O JLELN×VDELUVUHGH WDULKLUHNRUG]H\OHUH YXUDFDÿ×] %XJQKDYDGDSSP FLYDU×QGD\DQL FLYDU×QGD&2 EXOXQPDNWDG×U%XRUDQ \×OGDSSPFLYDU×QGD DUWPDNWDG×U Atmosferik karbon, \ÕOÕQherhangi bir dönemindekinden daha yüksek düzeylerde seyrediyor olabilir. Ama PLO\RQ\ÕOJHUL\HJLWWL÷LPL]GH karbon düzeyleri sadece %10-20 daha yüksek ROPDNODNDOPÕ\RUGXEXJQNQGHQRQLOD\LUPLkat GDKD\NVHNWLOHUhVWHOLNGHVÕUIELUNDoRQ\ÕOER\XQFD GH÷LODIDOODWÕFÕELU\]PLO\RQODUFD\ÕOER\XQFD 'Q\DPÕ]NRQWUROGHQoÕNPÕúVHUDHWNLVLQLDGDPDNÕOOÕ WHVWHWPLúWLUYHKLoELUúH\ROPDPÕúWÕU$VOÕQDEDNÕOÕUVD 'Q\DPÕ]EX]oD÷ÕQD&2G]H\OHULEXJQNQGHQ oRNGDKD\NVHNLNHQJLUPLúWLU $úÕUÕNRQVDQWUH&2¶LQQDVÕOELUÕVÕWÕFÕHWNLVLROXUVD ROVXQEXHWNLGL÷HULNOLPVHONXYYHWOHULQ\DQÕQGDKLo NDOÕU g\OH\VH'Q\DPÕ]VDOW\NVHN&2G]H\OHULQLWHVW HWPHNOHNDOPDPÕú'Q\D]HULQGHNL\DúDPÕQE\N ELUE|OPGHKHP&2KHPGHVÕFDNOÕNODUGDKD \NVHNLNHQHYULPJHoLUPLúWLU.DUERQG]H\OHULQLQ HQVWQRNWDVÕQGDQEXJQNG]H\LQ\DNÕQODUÕQD GúPHVLQLQQHGHQLEXGXU'Q\D]HULQGHNL\DúDP HYULPJHoLUGLNoHJ|N\]QGHNLNDUERQGLRNVLWLGH HPPLúWLU .D\QDNODU6FRWHVH%HUQHU © Joanne Nova 2009 *UDIL÷HELUEDNÕQ²\DUÕPPLO\DU \ÕOOÕNELUWDULKYHSHNLNRUHODV\RQ QHUHGH" .DUERQG]H\OHULSSP\NVHOLSGúPúWU YHVÕFDNOÕNEXQD]HUUHFHDOGÕUÕúHWPHPHNWHGLU AGW úXúHNLOGH\DQÕWYHUPHNWHGLU2LQVDQ ND\QDNOÕ&2GH÷LOGL ùSKHFLOHUú|\OHV|\OHPHNWHGLU$\QÕPROHNO AGW úXúHNLOGH\DQÕWYHUPHNWHGLUùLPGL\HGHN ROGX÷XQGDQGDKDKÕ]OÕ&2\D\Õ\RUX] ùSKHFLOHUú|\OHV|\OHPHNWHGLU6SHUYRONDQODU EL]LP\DSDELOHFH÷LPL]GHQoRNGDKDKÕ]OÕELUúHNLOGH oRNGDKDID]ODPLNWDUGD&2VDOGÕ AGW úXúHNLOGH\DQÕWYHUPHNWHGLU$PDVÕFDNOÕNODU KHU]DPDQNLQGHQGDKDKÕ]OÕDUWÕ\RU ùSKHFLOHUú|\OHV|\OHPHNWHGLUNereden bilebilirsiniz NL"PLO\RQ\ÕOOÕNELUWDULKLQ\DOQÕ]FDVRQ\ÕOÕQGD NUHVHOWHUPRPHWUHOHUND\ÕWODUÕQDVDKLSROGXN\ÕOOÕN VÕFDNOÕNWUHQGOHULQLEX]oHNLUGHNOHULQGHQ\DGDD÷Do KDONDODUÕQGDQDOÕQDQND\ÕWODULOHNÕ\DVODPDNVDoPDGÕU .ÕVDELU]DPDQDUDOÕ÷ÕQGDNLJ|UHFHKÕ]OÕDUWÕúRUWD\D oÕNPD\DFDNWÕU. ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, 19 “Eskiden ben de karbondioksitin N|WROGXÿXQXGĂQUGP $UG×QGDQ|\NQQGLÿHU\DU×V×Q× NHĂIHWWLPYHĂRNROGXPµ JoNova Dikkat: zƵƌƩĂƔůĂƌŦŶŐƂnjůĞƌŝŶŝ ĂĕŵĂƐŦŶŦŶnjĂŵĂŶŦĚŦƌ ͶŬĂŶĚŦƌŦůŦLJŽƌƐƵŶƵnj͘ ŝůŝŵŝŶƐĂŶůĂƌŦŶŦŶ ĂLJĂŒĂŬĂůŬŦƉďƵ ĕƺƌƺŵĞLJĞƐŽŶ ǀĞƌŵĞƐŝŶŝŶnjĂŵĂŶŦĚŦƌ͘ (NRORMLN\HĂLOELUDN×PGDQEHVOHQGLNOHULQLGĂQ\RUODU zĞƔŝůĐŝůĞƌŝŶͶďĂŶŬĂůĂƌ ŶĞĚĞŶ͞LJĞƔŝů͟ ŽůƐƵŶŬŝĚŝLJĞ ƐŽƌŵĂůĂƌŦŶŦŶnjĂŵĂŶŦĚŦƌ͍ ŽƌďĂůĂƌŬĂƌƔŦƐŦŶĚĂ ŚĞƌŬĞƐŝŶĂLJĂŒĂ ŬĂůŬŵĂƐŦŶŦŶnjĂŵĂŶŦĚŦƌ͘ ͞7ŶŬĂƌĐŦ͟ĚĞŵĞŬ ďŝůŝŵĚĞŒŝůŚĂŬĂƌĞƫƌ͘ $PDEX\HĂLOEDĂND\HĂLO %LU\XWWXUPDFDQ×QWPHPDUHOHULQLWDĂ×\RU ´$FHOHHGLQKHPHQND\GROPDQ×]JHUHNL\RU GQ\D\×NXUWDUDQELUOLGHURODELOPHQL]LoLQVRQ JQāLPGLDO×QYHWDULKWHNL\HULQL]LJDUDQWLOH\LQ %XELUDKODNPHVHOHVLdRFXNODU×Q×]LoLQ\DS×Q VDWDFDNREHQFLOFDKLODSWDOODUGDQGHÿLOVLQL]«µ 'RÿUXRODQ×\DSDFDÿ×Q×]×ELOL\RUX]āXUD\× LP]DOD\×YHULQ\HWHU $\U×QW×ODU×PHUDNHWPH\LQKHSVLQLVL]LQDG×Q×]D KD]×UODG×N)LNLUELUOLÿLYDUµ $O*RUHWDUW×ĂP×\RUKDON×Q|QQGHVRUXODUD\DQ×W YHUPL\RUkamuya Do×N6HQDWR%ULILQJOHULQGH NXOODQ×ODQVOD\WODU×SD\ODĂP×\RU$PDGDYDV×LoLQ KHSLPL]LQPLO\DUODU|GHPHVLQLLVWL\RU 6L]|QHPOLROGXÿXQX]LoLQVL]LVHoNLQ)ULHQGVRI WKH&KDLUJUXEXQXQSDUoDV×\DSPD\×WHNOLI HGL\RUX]´1HL\LNLNHQGLoRFXNODU×Q×ELOH %L]LVH\DOQ×]FDQHWFHYDSODULVWL\RUX] .DQ×WQHUHGH" * (YHWEXQXKDNLNDWHQ\DSW×ODU'DQLPDUND%DĂEDNDQ×$YXVWUDO\D%DĂEDNDQ×.HYLQ5XGG·DEXXQYDQ×VXQGX .RSHQKDJ.RQIHUDQV×LoLQ)ULHQGRIWKH&KDLU 20 ùSKHFLQLQ(O.LWDEÕ,, joannenova.com.au
Benzer belgeler
Common borders. Common solutions. ENPI Karadeniz Havzasında
6DKDDUDĂW×UPDV×VUHVLQFHQHKLUJ|]OHPOHULYHWPQHKLUKDWW×
ER\XQFD \DS×ODQ LQFHOHPHOHU VX YH WRSUDN |UQHNOHUL QHKULQ
EDĂODQJ×oYH.DUDGHQL]·GHNLELWLĂ\HULQHNDGDUEHOLUOHQHQQRNWDOD...
6¿/ 6 - Ayaş Vakfı
WHGLUdDQ×OO×·GD*DODWODUGDQNDOG×ÿ×V|\OHQHQELUNDOH
NDO×QW×V×ED]×K|\NOHUYHPDÿDUDODUYDUG×U%D]×HYYH
EDKoH GXYDUODU×QGD HVNLGHQ NDOPD PHUPHU VWXQODUD
YHVWXQEDĂO×NODU×QDUDV...
Akib Aktüel Sayı 30
Ülkemiz zorlu bir sürecin içinden geçiyor. Türkiye ekonomisinin itici gücü
RODQLKUDFDWDo×V×QGDQHQ\RÿXQLü\DSW×ÿ×P×]SD]DUODU×QQHUHGH\VHKHSVLQGH
SUREOHPOLELUG|QHPLQLoLQGH\L]$YUXSD%LUO...
Akib Aktüel Sayı 28 - Akdeniz İhracatçı Birlikleri
PDOL\DUG×PLoLQNHQGLNXUDOODU×Q×oLÿQHGLÿLQLLWLUDIHWWL.XUWDUPDSDNHWL
LoLQJHUHNHQG|UWNRüXOGDQELULONHQLQNDPXERUoODU×Q×QRUWDYDGHGHVUGUOHELOLUROPDV×$QFDN,0)]HULQGHX]ODü×OD...
Siber Saldırı Hedefleri ve TürNiye`de Siber GüvenliN Stratejisi
VÕUDVÕQGD NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU %LOJLOHULQ WXWXOGX÷X oHUH]OHU VÕIÕUJQ DoÕ÷Õ NXOODQÕODUDN WDQÕPODQDQ |]HO ELU JYHQOLN
E|OJHVLQH \|QOHQGLULOLUNHQ NXOODQÕFÕ\D GD ³(ULúLP
(QJHOOHQGL´ PHV...
Akib Aktüel Sayı 42 - Akdeniz İhracatçı Birlikleri
D\ÐQGDJHoHQ\ÐOÐQD\QÐG|QHPLQHJ|UHONHRODUDN\]GHRUDQÐQGD$.å%RODUDNGD\]GH
RUDQÐQGDGDKDoRNLKUDFDW\DSWÐN²GHGL
7UNL\H·QLQ\×O×LKUDFDWSHUIRUPDQV×ROXPOXVH\UHWPH\H...
$/7,1 $7(و .ه0FORTUNE 500`DE - Akdeniz İhracatçı Birlikleri
ND\E×\DüDG×YHONHJHQHOLNLP\HYLPDGGHOHU
YHPDPXOOHULLKUDFDW×QGDQ\]GHSD\DOG×
0RELO\D.kô×WYH2UPDQhUQOHUL+D]LUDQD\×
VHNW|UHOED]GDLKUDFDWUDNDPODU×QDJ|UH7UNL\H
PRELO\D...