H÷LúLP 6 UHFLQGH $OHYL - Alevilik-Bektaşilik Araştırmaları Dergisi
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'H÷LúLP6UHFLQGH$OHYL%HNWDúL.OWU 3URI'U%HONÕV0HQHPHQFLR÷OX7HPUHQ Abstract: Religions who claim univerality also gain acceptance in cultures, where they do not orginate, in the process of spreading and unwantingly they undergo a process of acculturation (an interaction between different cultures) with other cultures. The Islamic religion is also of universal character and spread into a vast region, which was outside of the birthplace of Islam. As a result it continued in form of a sort of folk religon, which coexisted beside the interpretation in the original KDELWDWDIWHUEHHLQJLQÀXHQFHGE\WKHFXOWXUHZKLFKHPEUDFHGWKHQHZUHOLJLRQ,QWKHFRXUVHRIDGDSWLQJWKLV³QHZ´UHOJLRQ it also reinterpreted its main princliples according to its own beliefs and practices. We also see the Alevis, who live under the FORDNRI,VODPSRVVHVLQJLWVRZQLQWHUSUHDWLRQRI,VODP$QLQWHUSUHWDWLRQQRXULVKHGE\6X¿VPZKLFKJDYHWKHPDFHUWDLQ freedom, and enriched with their own ancient traditions. The Alevis continued to exist unless they were able not to contradict with the main principles of the traditional interpretation of Islam. The Alevis reached our time, surviving somehow, even if WKH\ZHUHIRUFHGWRKLGHWKHLULGHQWLW\IURPWLPHWRWLPHRUHYHQLIWKHRI¿FDOVLJQRUHGWKHLUH[LVWHQFH7KLVVKRZVWKDWWKHLU function is still working, while their institutions never had a legal framework and were never adjusted to modern life. In times of fast changes in our society, due to the information revolution, the Alevis and Bektashis will be able to live freely, peacefuly and healthy under the cloak of Islam, unless they seize this opportunity, even if their interpretation of Islam decorated with WKHLUDQFLHQWEHOLHIVDQGSUDFWLFHVGLIIHUVIURPWKHWUDGLWLRQDORI¿FLDO,VODP 'H÷LúLP6UHFLQGH$OHYL%HNWDúL .OWU 'LH DOHYLEHNWDVFKL .XOWXU LP :DQGHO GHU=HLW Özet (YUHQVHOOLN |]HOOL÷LQH VDKLS RODQ GLQOHU \D\ÕOPD VUHoOHULQGH GR÷GXNODUÕ NOWUGHQ IDUNOÕ FR÷UDI\DODUGDGDNDEXOJ|UPúGLQOHUGLU'ROD\ÕVÕ\OH LVWHULVWHPH]IDUNOÕNOWUOHULOHDNOWUDV\RQIDUNOÕ NOWUOHU DUDVÕ NOWUHO DOÕú YHULú NOWUOHúPH VUHFLQHJLUPLúOHUGLUøVODPGLQLGHHYUHQVHO|]HOOL÷H VDKLSWLU YH GR÷GX÷X WRSUDNODUÕQ GÕúÕQGD JHQLú ELU FR÷UDI\D\D\D\ÕOPÕúWÕU%XQXQVRQXFXRODUDNGR÷GX÷X NOWUGHNL \RUXPXQXQ \DQÕ VÕUD NDEXO J|UG÷ NOWUOHUOHHWNLOHúPHVLVRQXFXQGDDQDSUHQVLSOHULQL RODELOGL÷LQFH NRUX\DUDN KDON NLWOHOHUL DUDVÕQGDNL X\JXODPDODUÕ\ODYHIDUNOÕODúDQ\RUXPODUÕ\ODELUWU µ+DON'LQL¶J|UQP\OHGH\DúDPEXOPXúWXU *QP]GHøVODPGLQLúHPVL\HVLDOWÕQGD\HU DODQ $OHYLOHU LoLQGH QHIHV DOPD RODQD÷Õ EXOGXNODUÕ WDVDYYXÀD YH HVNL JHOHQHNOHUL\OH EH]HQPLú YH ]HQJLQOHúWLULOPLú ELU GLQ \RUXPX\OD NDUúÕPÕ]D oÕNPDNWDGÕUODU 1HIHVDOPDODUÕQDPVDDGHHGLOGL÷L|OoGHGH =XVDPPHQIDVVXQJ Glaubenswahrheiten mit Universalcharakter sind Religionen, die in ihrer Expansionsphase auch in den Gebieten, die sich von ihren Herkunftsländern unterscheiden, angenommen werden. Infolgedessen geraten sie, ob gewollt oder ungewollt, in einen Prozess der Akkulturation mit unterschiedlichen Kulturen (Kulturaustausch unter den unterschiedlichen Kulturen Akkulturation). Der Islam, ebenfalls eine Religion mit einem Universalcharakter, hat sich außerhalb seines Herkunftsgebietes weiträumig ausgebreitet. Folglich hat der Islam neben seiner Deutung in seiner angeborenen Kultur zugleich auch bedingt durch seine Wechselbeziehungen mit den Kulturen, die ihn annahmen und sein Bestreben, seine Hauptprinzipien soweit wie möglich zu schützen und durch seine Praktiken bei den Volksmassen und seiner differenzierter werdenden Interpretationen ein Dasein als eine Art Volksreligion geführt. Die Aleviten von heute, die sich zum Islam bekennen, praesentieren sich uns mit einer Religionsdeutung, die mit alten Traditionen geschmückt und angereichert ist und mit einer Mystik, die ihnen die Luft zum Atmen ermöglicht. Soweit es Aleviten und Bektaschis erlaubt $/(9ø/ø.%(.7$ùø/ø.$5$ù7,50$/$5,'(5*ø6ø 6D\Õ .LWDELøVODPDQOD\ÕúÕQÕQDQDNXUDOODUÕ\ODoHOLúPHGHQ YDUOÕNODUÕQÕú|\OH\DGDE|\OHGHYDPHWWLUHJHOPLúOHUGLU +HU QH NDGDU ]DPDQ ]DPDQ NLPOLNOHULQL VDNODPÕú \DVDO RODUDN \RN VD\ÕOPÕú ROVDODU GD ND÷ÕW VWQGH \RN ROPDODUÕ JHUoHNWH YDUOÕNODUÕQÕ VUGUPHPHOHUL GHPHNROPDPÕúYHELUúHNLOGHYHEHONLGHGHQHWLPVL] RODUDND÷ÕUDNVDNGDROVDQHIHVDOPD\DGHYDPHGLS JQP]HGHNJHOPLúOHUGLU%XGDLúOHYOHULQLQKHQ] FDQOÕROGX÷XQXJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU%XNXUXPODUQH\DVDO oHUoHYH\HEUQGUOPúQHGHPRGHUQOHúPHOHULQH |QD\DNROXQPXúWXU øoLQGH \DúDGÕ÷ÕPÕ] ELOLúLP GHYULPLQLQ GH÷LúLP U]JDUODUÕ EXQFD VHUW HVHUNHQ \DúDGÕ÷ÕPÕ] WRSOXP LoLQGH JHOHQHNOHUL\OH EH]HQPLú LQDQoODUÕQÕ ³<NVHN øVODP´ .LWDEL øVODP \RUXPXQGDQ ELUD] IDUNOÕODúVD GD |]JUFH YH JYHQ LoLQGH \DúDPDN LVWH\HQ$OHYL%HNWDúLOHUEXRODQD÷ÕHOGHHGHELOGLNOHUL RUDQGDøVODPúHPVL\HVLDOWÕQGDVD÷OÕNOÕEDUÕúoÕOYH KX]XUOXRODFDNODUGÕU (YUHQVHOOLN |]HOOL÷LQH VDKLS RODQ GLQOHU \D\ÕOPD VUHoOHULQGH GR÷GXNODUÕ NOWUGHQ IDUNOÕ FR÷UDI\DODUGDGDNDEXOJ|UPúGLQOHUGLU'ROD\ÕVÕ\OH LVWHULVWHPH]IDUNOÕNOWUOHULOHDNOWUDV\RQIDUNOÕ NOWUOHU DUDVÕ NOWUHO DOÕú YHULú NOWUOHúPH VUHFLQH JLUPLúOHUGLU øVODP GLQL GH HYUHQVHO |]HOOL÷H VDKLSWLU YH GR÷GX÷X WRSUDNODUÕQ GÕúÕQGD JHQLúELUFR÷UDI\D\D\D\ÕOPÕúWÕU'ROD\ÕVÕ\OHIDUNOÕ NOWUOHUOH WHPDV HWPLú YH NOWUOHúPH VUHFLQL \DúDPÕúWÕU+HUQHNDGDUGLQGLQLQWHPHOúDUWODUÕQÕQ GLNWH HWWL÷L EDVNÕQ |]HOOLNOHUL \D\ÕOPD DODQÕQGDNL NOWUOHUH HPSR]H HWPLúVH GH GLQLQ DOJÕODQÕúÕ YH X\JXODQÕúÕQGD \HUHO NOWUQ JHOHQHNVHO YH |U¿ \DSÕVÕQGDQJHOHQED]ÕLQDQoYHGDYUDQÕúNDOÕSODUÕ\OD GD KDUPDQODQPDVÕ NDoÕQÕOPD] ROPXúWXU 6RQXoWD KHU QH NDGDU GLQLQ GR÷GX÷X NOWUGH ROXúXPXQX WDPDPODGÕ÷Õ VRQ úHNOL ELU DQODPGD µ<NVHN 'LQ¶ RODUDN \RUXPODQPÕú YH \D\JÕQODúWÕUÕOPD\D oDOÕúÕOPÕúROVDGD\D\ÕOPDVUHFLQGHNDEXOJ|UG÷ NOWUOHUOH HWNLOHúPHVL VRQXFXQGD DQD SUHQVLSOHULQL $KTFKPKPÁÆMVÆþÆM×NV×TFGMCDWNIÑT×RDGPKOUGFKþKĩGMNKPKVCPÆONCOCM ×\GTGő;×MUGM&KPŒVGTKOKPKMWNNCPFÆM-KOK\COCPDWPWKHCFGKÁKP ő-KVCDK&KPŒVGTKOKFGMWNNCPÆNOÆĩVÆT#OCEÆOÆ\&KPKPTGUOKQNCTCM MCDWNIÑTGP[QTWOWPWDGVKONGOGMVKT wurde, Atem zu schöpfen, haben sie auch ihr Dasein so oder so fortsetzen können, ohne dabei mit den +DXSWUHJHOQ GHV %XFKLVODP LQ .RQÀLNW ]X JHUDWHQ Wenn sie auch manchmal ihre Identität leugneten XQG GHP *HVHW] QDFK JDU QLFKW RI¿]LHOO H[LVWLHUWHQ bedeutete die Leugnung ihrer Existenz auf dem Papier jedoch nicht, dass sie auch in der Realität kein Dasein geführt hätten, vielmehr haben sie in irgendeiner Form, vielleicht sogar ohne Aufsicht und wenn es auch dabei ganz langsam verlief, es geschafft, weiter zu atmen und bis heute zu existieren. Dies zeigt deutlich, dass sie noch über eine ganz intakte Funktionalität verfügen. Und dies alles obwohl man ihren Einrichtungen weder einen gesetzlichen Rahmen gab, noch dass irgendeine treibende Kraft ihre Modernisierung unterstützte. In einer Zeit, in der unser Leben gewaltigen (LQÀVVHQ GHU ,QIRUPDWLNUHYROXWLRQ DXVJHVHW]W LVW wünschen sich die Aleviten und Bektaschis, deren traditionell geprägter Glaube sich auch ein wenig YRQ GHU 'HXWXQJ GHV +RFKLVODP %XFK,VODP LQ GHU Gesellschaft zu unterscheiden vermag, ihren Glauben in einem freiheitlichen und sicheren Klima praktizieren können, und sie werden in dem Maße, in dem sie die Möglichkeit dazu bekommen, unter dem Schirm des Islam gesund, friedlich und glücklich sein. *ODXEHQVZDKUKHLWHQ PLW 8QLYHUVDOFKDUDNWHU VLQG 5HOLJLRQHQ GLH LQ LKUHU ([SDQVLRQVSKDVH DXFK LQ GHQ *HELHWHQ DQJHQRPPHQ ZHUGHQ GLH VLFK YRQ LKUHQ +HUNXQIWVOlQGHUQ XQWHUVFKHLGHQ ,QIROJHGHVVHQ XQWHUODXIHQ VLH DXFK XQZHLJHUOLFK HLQHQ $NNXOWXUDWLRQVSUR]HVV .XOWXUDXVWDXVFK XQWHU GHQ XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ .XOWXUHQ ± $NNXOWXUDWLRQ PLW GHQ .XOWXUHQ PLW GHU VLH LQ .RQWDNW WUHWHQ $XFK GHU ,VODP LVW HEHQIDOOV HLQH 5HOLJLRQ PLW HLQHP 8QLYHUVDOFKDUDNWHU GHU VLFK DXHUKDOE VHLQHV +HUNXQIWVJHELHWHV ZHLWUlXPLJ DXVJHEUHLWHW 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XQWHUVFKHLGHQYHUPDJGDVVVLHLKUHQ*ODXEHQLQHLQHP IUHLKHLWOLFKHQXQGVLFKHUHQ.OLPDSUDNWL]LHUHQN|QQHQ XQG VLH ZHUGHQ DXFK LQ GHP 0DH LQ GHP VLH GLH 0|JOLFKNHLW GD]X EHNRPPHQ XQWHU GHP 0DQWHO GHV ,VODPJHVXQGIULHGOLFKXQGJOFNOLFKVHLQ 3É50%$-7-$ )HWsTsNDQsYHoRULWsHEHVLPLW8QLYHUVDOMDQsDWDIHTsJMDWsSURoHVLWWs]KYLOOLPLWMDQsSUDQXDUVKXPs lehtë nga kultura dhe vende të ndryshme. Për këtë shkak ata kanë marrë dhe japë nga këta kultura të ndryshme PHQGLPH GKH YHoRUL NXOWXURUH )HMD ,VODPH sVKWs QMs IH XQLYHUVDOH NsVKWX MDVKWs YHQGOLQGMHV Vs VDM Qs QMs JMHRJUD¿WsPDGKHsVKWsSsUKDSXUVKXPsVKSHMW6LSsUIXQGLPLNsVDMNXOWXUDQsWsFLOsQHNDYHQGOLQGMHQ Islami ka qenë si bazë por duke u zhvilluar dhe duke u përballur me kultura të tjera Islami është ndikuar nga këta kultura, por siqoqoftë principet bazë i ka mbrojtur, ddhe dduke i ndikuar kulturat tjera ka ardhur deri në formën Feja e Popullit. Ditët e sotme nën ombrellën e Islamit Alevitë, janë duke na u paraqitur sikurse kanë prejardhjen nga traditat e vjetra, dhe të pasuruar nga feja. Lejimi i jetesës së tyre ka qenë nën konditat e respektimit të Librit të Islamit, dhe ligjet bazë të Kuranit ti respektojnë atëherë është mundësuar jetesa e tyre. edhe pse kohë mbas kohe ata kanë mshefur identitetin e tyre, edhe pse disa herë janë konsideruar si mos egzistues, edhe pse përmbi letër ata nuk kanë qenë të shkruajtur, kanë arritur deri në ditët e sotme. Dhe kjo është simbol i gjallërisë së tyre. Këta institucione nuk kanë qenë në bërbashkij me ligjin, por edhe nuk kanë qenë pengesë e modernizimit të tyre. Dhe tash duke jetuar në periudhën e revolucionit të informatikës e cila është duke u zhvilluar shumë shpejt, dhe gjithashtu jetojmë në një popull i cili ka fenë e cila është ndikuar nga tradita, ,alevitë të cilët duan të jetojnë në mënyrë të lirë dhe të sigurtë duan që sado pakës të dryshohet shpjegimi i praktikës Islami i Lart (Islami i Librit) të cilin qëllim e kanë Alevitë dhe Bektashitë, dhe kur të arrihet ky qëllim do të jetojnë së bashku QsQQMsoDGsUWs,VODPLWQsPsQ\UsWsVKsQGRVKsGKHSDTsVRUH $/(9ø/ø.%(.7$ùø/ø.$5$ù7,50$/$5,'(5*ø6ø 6D\Õ
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